Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

An Assessment on the Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacities of a Tennis Player

100%

Zatoń M. , Stępień A.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 2

139-146

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between a tennis players' technical abilities and their capacity evaluated in both a laboratory and on the tennis court. Basic procedures. Twelve tennis players participated in the study. The anaerobic capacity test (Wingate) and the progressive test were performed on a Monark E 895 cycloergometer. The aerobic and anaerobic capacities were evaluated in the laboratory. The Weber capacity test was performed on a tennis court. Main findings. The research did not reveal any significant correlation between the Wingate's mechanical parameters and the physiological parameters of the Weber test. A correlation of the maximal oxygen uptake with stroke precision on a tennis court can be observed. The research found that the maximal power output (Pmax) and total work (Wtot) found in the laboratory is related to the stroke precision on a tennis court. Conclusions. The results may suggest that both tests can be applied in the assessment of capacity and the effects of training. From the results of the laboratory and on-court tests, it is possible to specify a player's semi-specific endurance.

2

Comparative Characteristics of Functional Capability of 11–12 year-old Swimmers Connected with Their Gender and Possibilities of Its Improvement

100%

GOLOVKINA V. , SALNUKOVA S.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie Kultura Fizyczna

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 1

79-85

EN

In the initial stages of the long-term swimmers’ training, the age-related functional capability of athletes should be taken into account. The improvement of young swimmer’ skills should be done in terms of an integrated approach to the promotion of physical fitness. The article presents the results of the study of aerobic and anaerobic capacity of 11–12-year-old swimmers under the condition of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), the maximum amount of external mechanical work for 10s (VanT10), 30s (VanT30), 60s (MKMMD). For the scientific substantiation of the expediency of implementing the method of interval hypoxic training and elements of aquafitness in the training process of 11–12 year-old swimmers, it is necessary to investigate the indexes of functional preparedness of 11–12 year-old swimmers, depending on their gender. It has been found out that the level of aerobic productivity of the boys’ bodies equals “good”, and the girls’ – “excellent” according to Y.P. Pyarnat. Elements of aquafitness and interval hypoxic training are recommended to be applied to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity of swimmers at the stage of initial basic training.

PL

W początkowym okresie długofalowego treningu pływaków i pływaczek należy uwzględnić wydolność czynnościową zawodników związaną z wiekiem. Poprawę umiejętności młodych pływaków i pływaczek należy osiągać poprzez zintegrowane podejście do sprawności fizycznej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wydolności w aerobiku i anaerobiku jedenasto- i dwunastoletnich pływaków i pływaczek w warunkach maksymalnego zużycia tlenu (VO2max), maksymalnego zewnętrznego wysiłku przy pracy mechanicznej przez 10 s (VanT10), 30 s (VanT30), 60 s (MKMMD). W celu uzasadnienia praktycznych korzyści zastosowania metody przerywanego treningu w warunkach hipoksji (interwal hypoxic training) z elementami aquafitnessu w cyklu treningowym jedenasto- i dwunastoletnich pływaków i pływaczek konieczne jest zbadanie wskaźników przygotowanej wydolności czynnościowej jedenasto- i dwunastoletnich pływaków i pływaczek, w zależności od ich płci. Stwierdzono, że – według Y.P. Pyarnata – poziom wydajności organizmów chłopców można określić jako „dobry”, a dziewcząt jako „doskonały”. Elementy aquafitnessu oraz przerywanego treningu w warunkach hipoksji zaleca się stosować w celu poprawienia wydolności aerobicznej i anaerobicznej pływaków i pływaczek w początkowym etapie treningu podstawowego.

3

Anaerobic performance in 30s Wingate test as one of the possible criteria for selection Czech hockey players into National Hockey League

88%

Heller J. , Vodicka P. , Janek M.

Physical Activity Review

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2019

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nr 7

57-62

EN

The selection into the National Hockey League (NHL) is based on criteria reflecting job analysis of a professional ice hockey player and the requirements of the game. Only few Czech elite ice hockey players succeed to participate in NHL and their number is decreasing in the last decade. Aim of Study: The aim of the study was to find out and evaluate the level of anaerobic readiness of Czech hockey forwards and defenders playing in the NHL and to compare their anaerobic performance with that in elite national hockey players from the Czech extra-league. Material and Methods: Results of 30s Wingate anaerobic test obtained in 26 forwards and 16 defenders, Czech hockey players from the NHL (from 2001/2002 to 2015/2016 seasons) were compared with the reference values of elite Czech ice hockey players. The comparison was based on the mean values, rate of dispersion, and effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d coefficient. Results: In forwards, both absolute and relative values of peak power (PP) and anaerobic capacity (AnC) found in Czech players in NHL were higher (d>1) than in elite Czech national players. In defenders, only the value of AnC relative to body mass showed small effect (d=0.36), but absolute and relative values of PP and absolute value of AnC were higher (d>1) than in elite Czech national players. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that anaerobic readiness evaluated by 30s Wingate test may be, besides dominant on-ice skills, one of the criteria for entry to the top ice hockey competition.

4

Comparison of Isokinetic Muscle Function and Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in the Knee According to Kukki Taekwondo Training Type

88%

Kang J. , Park J. , Johnson J. A.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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tom 2

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nr 9

40-55

EN

Introduction: This study's purpose was to measure and compare isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of knee joints according to the three Kukki Taekwondo competition types. Methods: A total of 21 elite Korean male poomsae (forms), gyorugi (sparring), and demonstration athletes majoring in Taekwondo were selected as the subjects of the study. Subjects' physical fitness levels were measured using standardized strength, endurance, agility, balance, and flexibility tests. In particular, the isokinetic muscle function measurement system was used to measure the muscle function of subjects' knee joints, and the Wingate test was used to measure their anaerobic exercise ability. Results: Gyorugi athletes showed better results than their poomsae and demonstration counterparts in nearly all metrics, including body composition, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function (60°/sec), muscle power (180°/sec), and anaerobic exercise capacity. Gyorugi athletes were also taller and showed higher muscle mass, strength, muscular endurance, and agility. However, poomsae athletes showed a higher level of flexibility. The results found isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic exercise capacity of the knee joint to be most important for gyorugi athletes and then for demonstration and poomsae athletes, in that order. Conclusions: This study provides useful information needed to identify the physical fitness factors of the different Kukki Taekwondo athletes, and, in turn, it is may serve as important fundamental data for developing future systematic Taekwondo training programs.

5

The influence of single whole body cryostimulation treatment on the dynamics and the level of maximal anaerobic power

88%

Klimek A. T. , Lubkowska A. , Szyguła Z. , Frączek B. , Chudecka M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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tom 24

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nr 2

184-191

EN

Objectives: The objective of this work was to determine the dynamics of maximal anaerobic power (MAP) of the lower limbs, following a single whole body cryostimulation treatment (WBC), in relation to the temperature of thigh muscles. Materials and Methods: The subjects included 15 men and 15 women with an average age (±SD) of 21.6±1.2 years. To evaluate the level of anaerobic power, the Wingate test was applied. The subjects were submitted to 6 WBC treatments at -130°C once a day. After each session they performed a single Wingate test in the 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90th min after leaving the cryogenic chamber. The order of the test was randomized. All Wingate tests were preceded by an evaluation of thigh surface temperature with the use of a thermovisual camera. Results: The average thigh surface temperature $(\text{T}_\text{av})$ in both men and women dropped significantly after the whole body cryostimulation treatment, and next increased gradually. In women $\text{T}_\text{av}$ remained decreased for 75 min, whereas in men it did not return to the basal level until 90th min. A statistically insignificant decrease in MAP was observed in women after WBC. On the contrary, a non-significant increase in MAP was observed in men. The course of changes in MAP following the treatment was similar in both sexes to the changes in thigh surface temperature, with the exception of the period between 15th and 30th min. The shorter time to obtain MAP was observed in women till 90th min and in men till 45 min after WBC compared to the initial level. Conclusions: A single whole body cryostimulation may have a minor influence on short-term physical performance of supramaximal intensity, but it leads to improvement of velocity during the start as evidenced by shorter time required to obtain MAP.

6

The Estimation of the RAST Test Usefulness in Monitoring the Anaerobic Capacity of Sprinters in Athletics

75%

Adamczyk J.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 3

214-218

EN

Introduction. In athletic high-speed-forced competitions one of basic monitored parameters of the preparation is the level of the anaerobic capacity. The aim of the work was the qualification of the usefulness of the RAST (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test) in the estimation of the anaerobic capacity of athletes of sprint athletic competitions. Material and methods. 37 athletes (12 Female and 25 Male) specializing in sprint racing (100 m, 100 m hurdles, 110 m hurdles, 200 m) and the prolonged sprint (400 m and 400 m hurdles) partook in the research. The anaerobic capacity was evaluated by means of the RAST test and the Wingate test. Results. In the RAST test competitors obtained significantly higher values of the maximum power (p<0.001) and the average power (p<0.001), with relation to the Wingate test. Among women such dependences were not ascertained. The fundamentally lower (p<0.001) fatigue index in the RAST test characterized in turn both groups, which can testify about the better adaptation to the run effort. For both tests one ascertained significant dependence between the average power and the maximum power. Moreover, the significant dependence between the fatigue index (FI) and the average and maximum power in the Wingate test was shown. For the RAST test such dependence appeared among FI, and the maximum power. Conclusions. The RAST test gave statistically comparable results only in the case of the average and maximum power among women. The smaller physical load for competitors and decidedly easier organization of the research causes that the RAST test can be used for regular monitoring of the anaerobic capacity level of competitors of athletic run competitions.

7

Neuromuscular and judo-specific tests: Can they predict judo athletes’ ranking performance?

63%

Lima Kons R. , Franchini E. , Detanico D.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2020

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tom 20

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nr 4

15-23

EN

Background. The contribution of physical performance to the ranking list position of athletes would provide indications about the importance of monitoring their physical conditioning through neuromuscular and judo-specific tests. Problem and aim: verify if neuromuscular and judo-specific performance may predict the ranking list position of state-level judo athletes. Methods. Seventeen judo athletes participated in the study and were divided into two groups according to their state-level ranking position: top 20° (n=8) and positions 21°–38° (n=9). The athletes performed neuromuscular (shoulder external (PTEX) and inter-nal (PTINT) rotation torque, handgrip strength (HGS), vertical jumps (VJs) and judo-specific tests (Uchikomi Fitness Test (UFT), Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and Judogi Grip Strength Dynamic (JGSTDIN) and Isometric Test (JGSTISO). T-test and multiple linear regression were used with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results. The main results demonstrated significant differences for most neuromuscular and judo-specific tests (p < 0.050), higher in the top 20° group than in the 21°–38° group. The SJFTTT, JGSTDIN and PTINT explained 88% of the variance in ranking position (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Neuromuscular performance (in most tests) in the upper and lower limbs and judo-specific assessments (JGSTDIN, SJFT total throws, and best series of UFT) differentiated the judo ranking position. In addition, the upper-body strength parame-ters (PTINT and JGSTDIN) and anaerobic capacity (SJFT total throws) were the variables that better explained the ranking position.

PL

Tło. Wkład wydajności fizycznej decydujący o pozycji na liście rankingowej dostarczyłby wskazówek co do znaczenia monitoro- wania kondycji fizycznej sportowców za pomocą testów neuro-mięśniowych przeznaczonych dla judo.Problem i cel: Celem badania było sprawdzenie, czy wyniki uzyskane w badaniach neuromięśniowych i przeznaczonych dla judo mogą przewidywać pozycję na liście rankingowej zawodników judo biorących udział w zawodach na pozio-mie krajowym.Metody. W badaniu wzięło udział siedemnastu zawodników judo, którzy zostali podzieleni na dwie grupy według pozycji w rankingu krajowym: górne 20° (n=8) i 21°-38° (n=9). Wyko-nano badania neuromięśniowe (rotacja barku zewnętrzna (PTEX) i wewnętrzna (PTINT), siła uścisku dłoni (HGS), skoki pionowe (VJs) oraz testy przeznaczone dla judo (Uchikomi Fitness Test (UFT), Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) oraz Judogi Grip Strength Dynamic (JGSTDIN) i Isometric Test (JGSTISO). Zastosowano T-test oraz wielokrotną regresję liniową z pozio-mem istotności ustawionym na 0,05. Wyniki. Główne wyniki wykazały istotne różnice w większo-ści testów neuromięśniowych oraz przeznaczonych dla judo (p < 0,050), wyższe w górnej grupie 20° niż w grupie 21°-38°. SJFTTT, JGSTDIN i PTINT wyjaśniły 88% wariancji pozycji w rankingu (p< 0.001). Wniosek. Wydajność nerwowo-mięśniowa (w większości badań) kończyn górnych i dolnych oraz oceny testów przeznaczo- nych dla judo (rzuty całkowite JGSTDIN, SJFT i najlepsze serie UFT) różnicowały pozycję rankingową judo. Ponadto parametry wytrzymałościowe górnych partii ciała (PTINT i JGSTDIN) oraz wydajność beztlenowa (rzuty SJFT ogółem) były zmiennymi, które lepiej wyjaśniały pozycję rankingową.

8

Anthropometric profile and anaerobic capacity of martial arts and combat sports athletes

63%

Bujak Z. , Gierczuk D. , Hubner-Woźniak E. , Saulite S.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2016

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tom 16

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nr 2

55-59

EN

Aim. The aim of the present study was to compare selected anthropometric parameters and anaerobic capacity in representatives of two types of hand-to-hand combat as an example of differences between training in martial arts and combat sports. Methods. The study included 28 taekwon-do athletes (M age = 19.7 yr., SD = 2.21, years of training = 7.9 yr., SD = 1.89) and 28 Greco-Roman wrestlers (M age = 19.0 yr., SD = 1.78, years of training = 6.9 yr., SD = 1.95) at a high competitive national level. Fundamental parameters of anaerobic capacity as well as selected biometric indices were assessed. Results. Taekwon-do athletes demonstrated body mass lower by 5.9% (p>0.05) and body height higher by 1.5% (p>0.05) than wrestlers. Also, their level of adiposity was lower (by 19.3%, p<0.05). Taekwon-do athletes achieved higher values of maximal power (by 1.2 W/kg, p<0.001) and total work (by 28.5 J/kg, p<0.001). Conclusions. The type of a hand-to-hand combat requires a different bioenergetic potential and anthropometric profile of competitors.

PL

Cel. Celem badań było porównanie wybranych parametrów biometrycznych i wydolności beztlenowej taekwondzistów i zapaśników, jako efektu wieloletniego i specjalistycznego treningu oraz określenie ich współzależności z innymi wskaźnikami. Metody. Badaniami objęto zawodników taekwon-do ITF w wieku 19,72,21 lat (n=28) oraz zapaśników stylu klasycznego w wieku 19,01,78 lat (n=28). Staż treningowy taekwondzistów wynosił 7,91,89 lat, a zapaśników 6,91,95. Ocenie poddano dwa podstawowe parametry wydolności beztlenowej: moc maksymalną (W·kg) i pracę całkowitą (J·kg) oraz wybrane wskaźniki antropometryczne: wysokość, masę ciała i zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej. Wyniki. Zawodników taekwon-do w porównaniu z zapaśnikami charakteryzowała niższa masa ciała o 5,9% oraz wyższa o 1,5% wysokość ciała. Jednak różnice te nie były istotne statystycznie (p>0,05). Poziom otłuszczenia okazał się o 19,3% wyższy w grupie zapaśników względem taekwondzistów (p<0,05). Taekwondziści uzyskali w mocy maksymalnej o 11,9% oraz w pracy całkowitej o 12,4% istotnie statystycznie (p<0,001) wyższe wartości. Wnioski. Pomimo zaliczenia taekwon-do i zapasów do jednej grupy sportów, zawodnicy prezentują różny potencjał bioenergetyczny i profil antropometryczny determinowany wymogami walki sportowej.

9

Selected anaerobic capacity parameters regard to paracanoe functional classification

63%

Starczewski M. , Molik B.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2014

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tom 28

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nr 1

31-35

EN

Wstęp: Parakajakarstwo jest dyscypliną paraolimpijską, w której zawodnicy rywalizują na dystansie 200m w trzech klasach funkcjonalnych. Celem pracy było porównanie parametrów wydolności beztlenowej zawodników różnych klas. Materiał i metody: W badaniach wzięło udział 14 zawodników rywalizujących w klasach A i LTA. W celu określenia wybranych parametrów wydolności beztlenowej (mocy maksymalnej, mocy maksymalnej względnej, wskaźnika zmęczenia, czasu osiągnięcia mocy maksymalnej) przeprowadzono 30s test Wingate na ergometrze ręcznym. Wyniki: W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano, że istnieją różnice w wydolności beztlenowej pomiędzy zawodnikami różnych klas w parakajakarstwie. Wnioski: Istnieje zależność pomiędzy wybranymi parametrami wydolności anaerobowej i klasyfikacją funkcjonalną.