Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Inductors and age effects on microsomal electron transfer chain from rat liver

100%

Plewka A. , Kaminski M. , Plewka D.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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1994

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tom 48

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nr 5

631-644

EN

In this paper we showed age effect on NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity, cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b reductase from rat liver.We discussed effect of some I, II, and III classes inductor also.Activity NADPH-cytochrom P-450 reductase softly decreased from 0.5-2-month of life, but in older groups gradually increased.In 28-month-old rats it was twice fold youngest.Phenobarbital and dexamethasone (without 28-month-old age rats) induced but ?-naphthoflavone inhibited activity of this reductase.Cytochrome b content softly decreased to 4-month of life.In older animals changed of this hemoprotein content were not observed.The examined inductors of monooxygenase system decreased cytochrome b level.NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity increased to 1-month of life, but in older group decreased.After 2-month changes of activity were very small only.Phenobarbital, ?-naphthoflavone and dexamothasone inhibited activity of this reductase.

2

The oxidative modification of protein during aging

80%

Augustyniak A. , Ostrowska J. , Skrzydlewska E.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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2001

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tom 55

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nr 1

53-69

EN

In this review the influence of reactive oxygen species or other reactive substances on the different protein modifications during aging is described. The accumulation of such proteins is observed and many phenomena of aging and age-dependent diseases are due to this accumulation.

3

MINOR DEPRESSIONS IN ADVANCED AGE

80%

Arochova O. , Potasova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2003

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tom 45

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nr 2

121-130

EN

In a research on a group of senior citizens (N = 101, aged 60-87 yrs), the highly loaded items in the Anxiety-Insomnia Subscale of the General Health Questionnaire-28 imply that advancing age is a risk factor for the onset of the so-called minor depressions. In addition, it was found that the symptoms anxiety/insomnia are more highly loaded among senior citizens than in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thus giving support to the view that there may be considerable discrepancy between real indicators of the quality of life and that experienced by an individual.

4

Human mitochondria in health, disease, ageing and cancer

80%

Bartnik E. , Lorenc A. , Mroczek K.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2001

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tom 42

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nr 1

65-71

EN

In every human cell there are hundreds of mitochondria, which are required for oxidative phosphorylation as well as many other metabolic processes. Each mitochondrion contains approximately 5 mitochondrial DNA molecules. These circular DNAs of 16.5 kb in size contain only 39 genes . Mutations in mitochondrial DNA are responsible for many diseases. Alterations in these molecules may also play a role in ageing and in tumour formation.

5

ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES IN AN INTERGENERATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

80%

Petrová Kafková M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 2

201 – 215

EN

Environmentally oriented attitudes and values can be one of the sources of intergenerational tension or consent. Considering that climate change has become one of the major societal themes today, the issue of intergenerational tension or consent in approach to the environment is crucial. This issue could bring about a generational gap. Questions about intergenerational tensions bring us to age influence on environmental values. The influence of age on environmental values has been researched using the European Values Study (EVS) 1991 – 2017 in six countries. The cohort/age period effect is differentiated using cross-country comparison, comparison of age groups and cohorts. The results showed that the differences in environmental values are not affected by the cohort effect; age has only a weak influence. The period effect, the change in societies seems to be the major explaining factor. Great differences among European countries were found and this diversity is much higher than the effect of age.

6

Evaluation of effects of fertility and mortality changes under the socio-economic transformation in Poland

80%

Kurkiewicz J. , Stanowski M. , Wegrzyn D.

Studia Demograficzne

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2004

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nr 1(145)

25-54

EN

The population structures and demographic processes and their interrelations are considered as the main determinants of future developments of the population. This study evaluates the influence of mortality and fertility changes on the population structure by age and sex in Poland in the period of socio-economic transformation. The different impact for the urban and rural populations is also taken into account. In the 1990s, the radical changes of fertility and family pattern took place, similar to those observed in the developed countries since the 1960s and called 'the second demographic transition'. However, due to different economic setting, changes in Poland had their particular characteristics and dynamics. Between 1990 and 2000 number of people in Poland rose slightly (by about 464 thousands). In these years positive trends in mortality were observed, concerning adult and older people as well as infants, which resulted in the extended life expectancy. In the same time, number of births was constantly declining and fertility went down. Population ageing was progressing. Projections of the population in Poland with the cohort-component method revealed that without improvement in mortality the increase of population would be smaller by 60 thousands of people. The greater increase was possible due to decline in mortality of men but the projected number of women in 2000 was also greater than observed. The residents of cities benefited more from the decline in mortality than the rural population. The most influenced by the mortality decline were children aged 0-10 years, men in age groups 45-55 and older people of both sexes (60-84). No increase was observed in the oldest age group (85+). Distributions of gaining and losing age groups were different for urban and rural areas. Improvements in mortality hardly influenced population ageing. With the constant mortality at the level of 1990, ageing at the bottom of the age pyramid would be faster than it was observed. Greater projected number of births than observed was the straightforward result of the fertility decline. The differences in the observed and projected numbers of births went up with time. The fertility decrease in the period under study contributed to population ageing, especially at the bottom of the age pyramid. Indirectly, it also influenced the structure at the top. Since the analysis was based on period measures, one can expect that the cohort fertility will be higher than the level shown by period rates. There are indications that a decline in fertility are mostly the result of postponing births rather than an established pattern of childlessness.

7

THE RISK OF IMBALANCES IN THE FINANCING OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN YJE CONTEXT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AGEING

80%

Boboc C. , Voineagu V.

Contemporary Economics

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2008

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nr 1(5)

69-81

EN

In the next decades, developed countries will experience dramatic changes in their demographic trends. The retirement of the wide baby-boom generations, the increase in life expectancy and the decline in fertility ratios are likely to modify the size and the age-structure of their populations. The expected population ageing in European countries will burden the pension systems, especially wherever the pay-as-you-go pillar is predominant. Recently, migration has received a widespread attention as a solution to expected population decline and ageing in these countries. The flow of (young) migrants to developed countries is perceived as a means to alleviate the financial burden of pension systems. The aim of this contribution is to clarify the issue of aging on labor and capital markets in a macroeconomic perspective. A special attention is given to the risk of imbalances in the financing of social protection in the context of demographic ageing.

8

Analiza procesu fotostarzenia folii opakowaniowych z tworzyw sztucznych

80%

Cholewa-Wójcik A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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nr 893

15-25

EN

Plastic packaging materials during both use and storage are exposed to various factors that cause their destruction. One of the most destructive external factors for polymeric materials is ultraviolet radiation, which initiates photo-degradation processes. Possessing knowledge of the mechanisms of photo-aging and understanding the factors that intensify this process are essential to maintaining the plastic sheeting specified range of performance values during storage and use. The aim of this work was to analyse the photo-oxidising ageing process for chosen types of packaging films. Laboratory tests sought to determine the influence of UV radiation on polyolefin packaging films. The tests of how chosen factors affect the range and intensity of the changes in the properties of polyolefin films during ageing tests concern the physical properties of structural changes.

9

STARNUTIE S „DOPOMOCOU“ – ÚČASŤ STARŠÍCH ĽUDÍ V PROJEKTOCH VYVÍJAJÚCICH TECHNICKÉ ZARIADENIA PRE SENIOROV. PRÍKLAD AMBIENT ASSISTED LIVING

80%

Endter C.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 3

271 – 279

EN

One of the strategies of successful coping with the challenges of population ageing is the development of assistance systems for elderly people. Thanks to them they can live in their own households for the longest time. This paper is based on an ethnographic case study and explains the ways elderly people are involved in the development of intelligent assistance systems. On the basis of participatory observation and qualitative interviews, it can be concluded that the participation of elderly people in the design of technological devices often happens at the final stage of approval of technical prototypes, as a result of which the perspective of the testing users cannot be appropriately considered in the prototype design. This means that the appearance and functions of the technical facilities are based mainly on the cultural premises and designer’s perceptions of the old age and ageing, and less on the experience and needs of their future users. The contribution observes this tension in relationships through ethnography.

10

Manifestations of ageing at the cytogenetic level

80%

Wojda A. , Witt M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2003

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tom 44

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nr 3

383-399

EN

The effects of ageing in humans appear to be a combination of influence of genetically programmed phenomena and exogenous environmental factors, and take place at the cellular level (senescence), rather than at the level of the organism. There are many processes, which occur in somatic cells as a consequence of DNA replication (accumulation of DNA errors or mutations that outstrip repair processes, telomere shortening, deregulation of apoptosis, etc.) and which drive replicative senescence in human cells. DNA errors are considered to be critical primary lesions in the formation of chromosomal aberrations. It can be concluded that the chromosome aberrations are biomarkers of ageing in human cells. Studies of human metaphases, interphase nuclei and micronuclei showed the increase in loss of chromosomes and the increase in frequency of stable chromosome aberrations as a function of age.

11

AGEING FROM A PLURALISTIC PERSPECTIVE

80%

Slováček P.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2019

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tom 22

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nr 2

1 – 9

EN

The issue of old age and ageing covers only the periphery in philosophy. This may be illustrated by taking a look at the history of philosophy within which only a few texts and authors could be found taking pains to shape our understanding of old age. There are two essential reasons for the historical marginal positioning of old age in philosophy: Firstly, the topic of old age and elderly people is less attractive; it struggles to make its way against the great issues of philosophy and is more found in its shade when regarding the issue of death. This statement proves valid both in considering the history of philosophy and modern philosophy within which not many authors pay attention to questions of old age and ageing. Secondly, it was only the qualitative development of environmental conditions, the possibilities of medical science and nursing care in the modern era, and also the low demographic increase in population, that have made the elderly an important part of the population, which, in turn, had them facing a number of challenges: self-realisation, the ideal of youth and, hopefully, the ideal of a successful old age. The article approaches the topic of the elderly, old age, and ageing from what is called a pluralistic position because this can allow for the avoidance of oversimplification which is often connected with the concept of loss.

12

80%

Michalek H. , Fortuna S. , Pintor A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1993

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tom 53

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nr 1

93-101

EN

Age-related differences in the response of the cerebral cortex and ileum strip to a repeated treatment with an anticholinesterase compound, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) were evaluated in 3- and 24-month Sprague-Dawley rats. The response was measured in terms of acetylcholinestrase (AChE) inhibition and total muscarinic receptor density (MAChRs, measured as3 H-QNB binding). At the end of DFP treatment there was a 75% inhibition of brain AChE and 30% inchibition of ileal AChE, independently of age. The adaptive down-regulation of brain MAChRs was more pronounced in aged than in young rats (50 and 25%, respectively), while that of ileal MAChRs was greater in young than in aged (50 and 35%). The normalization of cortical MAChRs was delayed in aged rats of ileal MAChRs was delayed in young rats. As regards age-related changes of AChE and MAChRs in untreated rats, there was a 30% decrease of cortical and ileal AChE, no changes in Bmax of cortical MAChRs and a 45% deficit of ileal MAChRs. This was accompanied by only a little age-related decrease in sensitivity of the isolated ileum to cholinergic agonists. Additional experiments on the responsiveness of phosphatidyl inositol syste stimulated with carbachol showed that accumulation of inositol phosphate both in cortical and ileum strip slices was higher in aged than in young rats. The overall data indicate that treatment- and age-related changes of AChR mechanisms in the ileum strip differ considerably from those in the brain. However, the increased efficiency of post-receptor mechanisms in old age is their common feature.

13

Aging and beta amyloid peptides decrease cholinergic receptor-mediated calcium increase in brain cortex synaptoneurosomes

80%

Samochocki M.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

1998

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tom 58

|

nr 1

3-11

EN

In this study, the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MAChR)-evoked inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated increase of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca]i) in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult and aged rats was investigated. In addition, the effect of two beta-amyloid (A beta) peptides, 1-28 and 25-35, on the resting and MAChR-induced increase of [Ca]i in brain cortex synaptoneurosomes of adult rats was evaluated. Release of IP3 was measured after prelabeling of synaptoneurosomal phosphoinositides withmyo-[2-3H]inositol. Changes in [Ca]i were monitored by using fura-2 indicator. The effect of A beta peptides was evaluated following their preincubation with synaptoneurosomal protein for 1, 5, 30 and 60 min. It was observed that in brain cortex synaptoneurosomes from aged rats, Ca2+-dependent and MAChR-mediated IP3 production was not changed in comparison with that estimated in adult brain, over 60 min of incubation. Activation of MAChR in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult rats for 10 min increased [Ca]i by about 60% over its resting level (240 nM). This increase was completely blocked by muscarinic antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine, as well as by the antagonist of IP3 receptor,8-(diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). In aged brain, there was no detectable change in resting [Ca]i (165 nM) due to MAChR stimulation. The 25-35 A beta peptide caused a time-dependent significant increase of resting [Ca]i in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult rats, which was almost five-fold after 60 min. In the same conditions, the action of 1-28 A beta peptide was statistically insignificant up to 30 min, then a rapid increase of resting [Ca]i by two-fold was observed up to 60 min. Both A beta peptides decreased markedly the MAChR-dependent elevation of [Ca]i in respect to control (resting [Ca]i in synaptoneurosomes from brain cortex of adult rats. These results indicate that beta-amyloid 1-28 and 25-35 peptides may be involved in alteration of muscarinic receptor-mediated signal transduction during brain aging.

14

LIFE SATISFACTION AND AFFECTIVITY (A RESEARCH PROBE)

80%

Potasova A. , Prokopcakova A.

Studia Psychologica

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2003

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tom 45

|

nr 3

203-209

EN

A sample of 99 subjects from three age groups took part in a research probe intended to clarify the relationships between life satisfaction, accommodation flexibility and negative affectivity (anxiety). Although a comparison according to age failed to make it evident, a selection of Ss according to whether they are extremely satisfied or extremely dissatisfied with life showed that those satisfied achieve significantly higher scores in accommodation flexibility and statistically lower scores in anxiety measures than Ss extremely dissatisfied with life.

15

Influence of aging on the protein profile of myelin isolated from human brain white matter

80%

Niebroj-Dobosz I. , Rafalowska J. , Lukasiuk M. , Wisniewska W. , Dziewulska D.

Neuropatologia Polska

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1992

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tom 30

|

nr 2

147-154

EN

Myelin proteins composition was examined in material of 20 autoptic cases at ages from 20 to 97 years. The technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isotachophoresis was applied. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a progressive increase starting at the age of 60 years of Wolfgram protein at the expense of Folch-Less proteolipid protein and DM-20 protein was observed. The myelin-associated protein started to increase in the 4th and 5th decade of life, returning therafter to values observed in younger cases. The isotachophoretic technique did not differentiate the changes observed in myelin protein in the course of aging.

16

Genderové nerovnosti ve stáří: marginalizace a zvýhodnění žen ve stáří

80%

Hasmanova Marhankova J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2008

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tom 9

|

nr 2

28-36

EN

Ageing is process that is always gendered. Gender shapes the life biography and the norms and expectations that are imposed on individuals as they age. On the other hand, the experience of ageing affects the mechanism of creating and negotiating gender identity. This article critically discusses debates surrounding gender inequalities in old age. These debates often focus on older women as a group that is highly disadvantaged owing to the combined effects of sexism and ageism. This article critically discusses this 'problem of old women' and shows alternative views of women's experiences of ageing. It highlights the necessity to understand age and gender as two intertwining systems. It points out that ageing can in many respects create room for a redefinition of gender roles and expectation. The intersection of age and gender cannot be seen as a simple combination of two categories and must instead be viewed as a process that creates a specific social location, which can generate new forms of inequalities.

17

Changes in the intracellular protein degradation during aging

80%

Skrzydlewska E. , Sulkowska M. , Makiela M.

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

|

2001

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tom 55

|

nr 3

467-481

EN

This review describe the influence of free radicals on the protein degradation during aging. The consequences of aging are changes in susceptibility of proteins on the proteases action as well as changes in cell proteolytic systems activity in different organs.

18

Development of the age-related spontaneous spike-wave discharges in rat neocortex and exposure to a model neurotoxin

80%

Gralewicz S. , Luczak C. , Wiaderna D. , Tomas T.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

1995

|

tom 55

|

nr 1

65-71

EN

In laboratory rats an epileptic-like spontanous neocortical activity in the form of bursts of spike and wave discharges (SWD) develops gradually with age. High incidence of the SWD episodes is accopanied by the other indices characteristic of advanced age:memory disturbances and atropic changes within basal forebrain structures.Accordingly ,it has been proposed that the number and duration of the SWD episodes be regarded as a diagnostic marker to distinquish between young and old brains. It is suspected that exposure to neurotoxins may accelerate the progress of age-related neurodegeneration by predisposing neurons to premature death and thus hasten the appearance of age-related functional deficits. Analysing the development of SWD activity in exposed rats may be helpful for an assesment of the potency of the neurotoxin under study to exert such an effect.In the present work the influence of a three-month exposure to a model neurotoxin, ethanol (ETOH), on the development of the SWD in imp-DAK rats was investigated.It has been found that in rats given 10 solution as the only drink for three months, the incidence of the SWD episodes increased merkedly.The increase was most clearly seen after ETOH withdrawal and on the 90th day after exposure no tendency to decline could be observed.The obtained data indicate that exposure to exogenous substances may exert a distinquishable long-lasting influence on the development of the SWD activity.

19

The influence of aging in one tauopathy: Alzheimer 's disease

80%

Avila J.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

|

2004

|

tom 52

|

nr 6

410-413

EN

In this short review, the link between aging and the onset of Alzheimer's disease is discussed. It has been widely suggested that aging is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, in which a failure in the insulin signal-transduction pathway could occur with age and, thereby, the assembly of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (two aberrant structures present in Alzheimer's disease) could be promoted. The main component of neurofibrillary tangles is the microtubule-associated protein tau, and the assembly of tau protein appears to occur after its modification by phosphorylation. In this phosphorylation, some protein kinases related to the insulin-transduction pathway could play a role.

20

Object recognition is not impaired in old rats

80%

Lukaszewska I. , Radulska I.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

|

1994

|

tom 54

|

nr 2

143-150