Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zwolennicy koncepcji asymilacyjnej Żydów wobec rozwoju syjonizmu w Polsce na przełomie XIX i XX w.

100%

Sobczak M.

Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej we Wrocławiu. Nauki Humanistyczne

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1997

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tom 3

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nr nr 752

185-202

XX

Artykuł skupia się na zmianie postawy zwolenników programu asymilacji Żydów na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Główną przyczyną tych zmian był wzrost narodowych aspiracji wśród Żydów. Temu zjawisku towarzyszył intensywny napływ Żydów do Królestwa Polskiego z centralnej Rosji. Żydzi nie rozumieli Polaków i byli wrogo nastawieni do polskich ideałów.

EN

The article pays attention to the change of the attitude of the advocates of the Jews assimilating programme. The main reason of this change was the growth of the national aspiration among the Jews. The phenomenon was accompanied by the intensive flow of the Jews to the Kingdom of Poland from Central Russia. The newcomers did not understand the Polish ambitions and were hostile to the Polish ideas. (original abstract)

2

The Christie’s Symposium: “The Holocaust Art Looting and Restitution”

100%

Yass-Alston A.-A.

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2011

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tom 9

189-195

EN

On June 23, 2011, in Milan, Italy, The Holocaust Art Looting and Restitution symposium was presented by Christie’s, auction house, and Art Law Commission of the Union Internationale des Avocats (UIA). This was a first, a conference focused on the Holocaust art restitution, to take place in Italy. The symposium convened leaders of the restitution community as well as government officials, scholars, and collectors

3

Poradnictwo zawodowe dla żydowskiej młodzieży szkolnej w Polsce w okresie międzywojennym

87%

Łapot M.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2020

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nr 43

67-84

EN

This article presents the beginnings of vocational counselling for school-attending adolescents in Poland. Vocational counselling developed in Poland in the Interwar period as a sub-discipline of applied psychology. The Jewish minority largely contributed to the development of this movement with Lvov at centre of it. Jews established a vocational counselling and psycho-technical institutes, putting the emphasis on school-attending adolescents and apprentices in craft companies, as well as developing new tools for psycho-technical measurements. Zionism was one of the reasons for the development of Jewish vocational counselling for young people. Zionists believed that young Jews should acquire a profession that would allow Jewish settlement in Palestine. This article also presents Zofia Lipszyc, Adolf Berman, Lea Fejgin-Gartensteyg, Jakub Kessler and Józef Weinbaum, unknown Jewish psychologists and psychotechcians.

4

Jewish Literature in German Clothing…?

80%

Grözinger K. E.

Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense

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2022

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tom 19

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nr 39

13-25

EN

As in the case of Franz Kafka and other authors like Franz Werfel, Joseph Roth, Arthur Schnitzler or Leo Perutz, it is necessary to take seemingly secondary or even hidden allusions to Jewishness very seriously. Only then it is possible to achieve a better, deeper and even completely new understanding of their works. Following on from H. G. Gadamer we must acknowledge that Jewish authors like their readers understand their texts in a fundamentally different way than Christians, due to their own horizon of understanding.

5

Żydzi w Szadku – rys historyczny

80%

Stulczewski J.

Biuletyn Szadkowski

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2010

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nr 10

141-160

EN

The earliest mention of Jews in Szadek dates from the early 16th century, but it was in the second half of the 18th century, that this nationality group became more numerous and started gaining prominence in the socio-economic life of this town. In 1913, every third resident of Szadek (2.8 thousand inhabitants at that time) was Jewish. The majority of trading was carried out by Jews – there were 34 shops run by Jews, and only 7 were kept by Catholics. During the Second World War most of the Jews from Szadek were put to death in a concentration camp in Chełm on the River Ner; the few who survived the occupation soon emigrated. Almost no material trace has remained of this nationality group, which had for centuries been an important component of local community, in terms of both socio-economic and cultural development. The only material evidence, being a memorial to the Jewish community in Szadek, is a Jewish cemetery, recently restored after post-war devastation.

6

Auto-da-fe in Lwów in 1728: The Jan Filipowicz Trial and Jewish Re-Conversion to Judaism in the Early Modern Poland

80%

Kaźmierczyk A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2017

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tom 116

PL

This article discusses the question of neophytes’ return to Judaism, especially the case of Jan Filipowicz, who was condemned to death for this crime in 1728 in Lwów. The return of Jewish converts to their religion of origin was a relatively frequent occurrence in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but those charged with this crime, especially Jews from Lwów accused of persuading the neophytes to return, were not usually treated as harshly as Filipowicz. The exceptionally harsh sentence given to the rabbis responsible for the return of Filipowicz to Judaism resulted from the judges’ belief in the existence of a ritual of dechristianization, a special blasphemy against Christianity. The relationship of the courts and the Church in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the problem of apostasy among converts from Judaism is addressed. The penitential practices described in the court documents are similar to those described by the inquisitor Bernard Gui in the fourteenth century and to the ritual of dechristianization described by Jan Serafinowicz, the most famous eighteenth century convert.

7

Communities and Their Temples: Orthodox, Jewish, Protestant, and Catholic: Religious Delimitations in the Historical Topography of Słuck

80%

Cieśla M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2017

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tom 116

PL

The article analyses the religious topography of Słuck (today, Sluck in Belarus). Słuck was an important hub of Orthodoxy and Protestantism in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; moreover, 38 percent of its population was Jewish. Detailed analysis of legal documents and urban inventories showed that there were areas within the town bounds which were reserved for the Christian communities active there. The spatial balance was upset in the former half of the eighteenth century, with Catholic orders brought into the town. The Jews were the only group that was legally barred from choosing a place to reside. The municipal authorities endeavoured to restrict the Jewish settlement to one street. Members of Jewish financial elite were the only ones to succeed in crossing the legal boundaries and settle down at the ‘Christian’ streets ofSłuck.

8

"Palestine must be the ultimate goal" : Count František Schönborn’s report of September 1945 on Jewish refugees from Poland in Czechoslovakia

80%

Friedl J.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2018

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tom 104

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nr 1

135-158

EN

Immediately after the end of the Second World War, Europe had to cope with a serious problem - the repatriation of displaced persons. Besides this, we may also track a flow of migration by Jewish refugees out of Poland. It was made up of Jews who had survived the holocaust, but because of the strong anti-Semitic atmosphere in Poland, and also because they were under the influence of Zionist ideas, they were fleeing to Palestine. Some of them took a route through Czechoslovakia. This migratory movement was already fairly strong in the first months after the war. Count František Schönborn, who at that time was serving in the Czechoslovak Army as a first lieutenant for repatriation, was well aware of the gravity of this problem. He therefore decided to inform the International Red Cross about it and suggested setting up a system of holding and transit camps on Czechoslovak territory for these refugees. The reproduced text of his letter at the end of this article shows how this member of the Czech aristocracy was aware of the gravity of the situation and managed to aptly describe it. In some regards it bears witness to the author’s foresight because a system of holding camps really was created in Czechoslovakia in 1946. Schönborn’s letter was also well received in Zionist circles.

9

O migracji żydów rosyjskojęzycznych do Niemiec, rec. książki: Joseph Cronin, Russian-Speaking Jews in Germany’s Jewish Communities, 1990–2005

80%

Pietrasik K.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2021

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nr 23

135-138

10

Henry Roth's "Call It Sleep": A Different Look at the Jewish Immigrant Experience

80%

Crust J.

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie

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2011

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tom 12

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nr z. 11 Participations and Assessments (2)

63-67

EN

Henry Roth's book, Call It Sleep, is not typically included in a course on Jewish- American literature. Discovering, or rediscovering, this gem of a novel is a pure literary and linguistic delight. The story describes the life of a young Jewish immigrant boy and his family in New York between the years 1911 and 1913. In an excellent example of modernist literature, it is through the eyes of little David Schearl we see the real America: it is an America of alienation, confusion, and violence, a tarnished land where a family struggles between its Jewish heritage and American acceptance. And as Roth breaks down the illusions of immigrant life, he also shatters the romanticism associated with the Jewish culture, illustrating how a pious patriarchal social order could be a façade to cover up the cold realities of family hostilities. (fragment of text)

11

Krytyka żydów w najstarszych pismach chrześcijańskich tradycji antiocheńskiej i azjatyckiej

80%

Słomka J.

Studia Pastoralne

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2014

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tom 10

396-404

EN

The article deals with three Christian writings which originated in Antioch and Asia at the end of the 1st and the first half of the 2nd century, namely Didache, the Letters of Ignatius of Antioch and the Paschal Homily of Melito of Sardis. The first two include only short, marginal paragraphs criticising the Jews. The Paschal Homily, on the other hand, devotes a long, carefully composed passage to their criticism, or more precisely, accusation. It is placed in the text after the presentation of the history of sin, slavery and liberation offered to us by Christ through His death. The passage starts with an accusation against Israel for killing Jesus. The Jews killed Him because they had not recognised God, their Saviour. Then Melito revisits the history of Israel as described in the Old Testament, demonstrating that, from the very beginning, the Jews had been ungrateful and unable to recognise their God. As a result, they deserved their punishment. Though Melito does not mention it directly, it is highly probable that he regards the destruction of Jerusalem and the expulsion of the Jews in 135 AD as their punishment and the sign of their rejection by God. The entire Homily is based on the typological interpretation of the Scripture and demonstrates the author’s excellent knowledge of the Old Testament. The combination of such a violent accusation and such good knowledge of the Jewish tradition, in the context of what we know about the social relations in 2nd century Sardis, suggests that the church in Sardis was dominated by Christians who previously were proselytes.

12

Czech and Polish Table Tennis Players of Jewish Origin in International Competition (1926-1957)

80%

Pięta W. , Pięta A.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 1

65-75

EN

The beginnings of the 18th century marked the birth of Jewish sport. The most famous athletes of those days were boxers, such as I. Bitton, S. Eklias, B. Aaron, D. Mendoga. Popular sports of this minority group included athletics, fencing and swimming. One of the first sport organizations was the gymnastic society Judische Turnverein Bar Kocha (Berlin - 1896).Ping-pong as a new game in Europe developed at the turn of the 20th century. Sport and organizational activities in England were covered by two associations: the Ping Pong Association and the Table Tennis Association; they differed, for example, in the regulations used for the game. In 1902, Czeski Sport (a Czech Sport magazine) and Kurier Warszawski (Warsaw's Courier magazine) published first information about this game. In Czech Republic, Ping-pong became popular as early as the first stage of development of this sport worldwide, in 1900-1907. This was confirmed by the Ping-pong clubs and sport competitions. In Poland, the first Ping-pong sections were established in the period 1925-1930. Czechs made their debut in the world championships in London (1926). Poles played for the first time as late as in the 8th world championships in Paris (1933). Competition for individual titles of Czech champions was started in 1927 (Prague) and in 1933 in Poland (Lviv).In the 1930s, Czechs employed an instructor of Jewish descent from Hungary, Istvan Kelen (world champion in the 1929 mixed games, studied in Prague). He contributed to the medal-winning success of Stanislaw Kolar at the world championships. Jewish players who made history in world table tennis included Trute Kleinowa (Makkabi Brno) - world champion in 1935-1937, who survived imprisonment in the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi concentration camp, Alojzy Ehrlich (Hasmonea Lwów), the three-time world vice-champion (1936, 1937, 1939), also survivor of Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Ivan Andreadis (Sparta Praga), nine-time world champion, who was interned during World War II (camp in Kleinstein near Krapkowice).Table tennis was a sport discipline that was successfully played by female and male players of Jewish origins. They made powerful representations of Austria, Hungary, Romania and Czech Republic and provided the foundation of organizationally strong national federations.

13

The Judeo-Bolshevik conspiracy and the persecution of Jews in interwar Salonica

80%

Michalopoulos G. D.

Studia Krytyczne/ Critical Studies

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2015

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nr 1

48-63

EN

I argue that in interwar Greece there was a small yet influential of anti-Semitic anticommunists, whose centre and main area of interest was Salonica. I attempt to demonstrate that their ideas were not a particular Greek phenomenon- rather these intellectuals and activists distanced themselves from traditional forms of Greek anti-Semitism. On the contrary, their appearance was part of a panEuropean phenomenon triggered by the October Revolution in Russia, and facilitated by the ensuing immigration of the defeated Whites. This ideology should be understood within the context of the Ottoman imperial collapse, the ensuing relocation of populations and the anxiety of Balkan nationstates to ensure their national frontiers

14

Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej w Galicji (1907-1914)

80%

Sobczak M.

Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej we Wrocławiu. Nauki Humanistyczne

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1998

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tom 4

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nr nr 804

210-228

XX

Artykuł stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, co spowodowało wzrost zainteresowania narodowych demokratów Galicji sprawą żydowską. Rozwój Syjonizmu, separatyzmu ukraińskiego, współpracy Żydów i Ukraińców we Wschodniej Galicji ograniczały polskie wpływy, demokratyzacja prawa elekcyjnego, antysemityzm w Królestwie Polskim - to były przesłanki postawy Narodowej Demokracji w stosunku do Żydów.

EN

The article aimed at showing what caused a growing interst of Galicia national democrats in the Jewish question. The development of Zionism, the Ukrainian separatism, the cooperation of Jews and Ukrainians in East Galicia limiting the Polish influence, democratisation of the electoral law, anti-Semitism in the Polish Kingdom - these were the main premises of the National Democrats' attitude towards Jews. (original abstract)

15

Między polityką a przemilczeniem - pamięć o Zagładzie na Białorusi 1991-2017

80%

Romantsov R.

Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2017

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nr Vol. 15, z. 1

43-68

EN

The article presents the analysis of the Holocaust in the memory policy in Belarus in 1991-2017. In the paper there was analyzed the policy of the President and Ministry of Education to the Holocaust. The article describes the activities of non-governmental institutions and museums in the protection of the Holocaust memory. The author characterizes how Holocaust memory is reflected in documentary films and contemporary art.(original abstract)

16

Roman Dmowski wobec kwestii żydowskiej w okresie działalności Komitetu Narodowego Polskiego

80%

Sobczak M.

Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej we Wrocławiu

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1993

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nr nr 664 Nauki filozoficzno-historyczne

95-104

XX

Stosunek Polaków do Żydów i Żydów do Polaków był u progu II Rzeczypospolitej jednym z istotnych dla polityków działających w Komitecie Narodowym Polskim zagadnień. Czołowa pozycja, jaką zajmował w Komitecie Roman Dmowski, wpływała na jego postawą i politykę, choć oczywiście, posunięć KNP nie można tłumaczyć tylko koncepcjami Dmowskiego i innych działaczy narodowo-demokratycznych. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The paper analyzes the attitude of the Polish politicians active in the Polish National Committee in Paris towards the Jewish question at the end of the II World War. Some aspects of this problem connected with the peace conference are mentioned too. It is emphasized that not only the Polish politicians represented a negative attitude towards some Jewish postulates. The leaders of the Allies did not agree to the concession rights of the individual nation to the Jewish minority, either. (original abstract)

17

Wizerunek Żyda na łamach "Echa Przemyskiego" - stereotyp inspirowany rzeczywistością

80%

Mendyka M.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2013

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tom 49

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nr 3: Historia

61-96

EN

This article is a source study based on information published in Echo Przemyskie – a periodical coming out in Przemyśl at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The literature on the subject, helpful in carrying out an analysis and comparing its results is based on studies by historians (both Polish and foreign) of different specializations, among others researchers of history of Jews, Przemyśl and the press. On the basis of the most frequent and typical descriptions the author attempts to reconstruct the image of a Jew depicted in the periodical in question during the first decade of its publication, often comparing his own conclusions with the results of analyses by other researchers. The structure of the article – after the initial part including the description of the newspaper in question and a brief outline of the reality of Przemyśl in the late 19th century – is based on the description of particular alleged characterological and physical features of Jewish people. In conclusion the author includes recapitulation based on an overall compilation of the previously described characteristics, which he attempts to depict against the background of mainstream Polish writing of that period.

18

КУЛЬТУРНО-ОСВІТНЄ ЖИТТЯ ЄВРЕЇВ НА ТЕРЕНАХ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ГУБЕРНІЇ У 1860-1870-х рр.

80%

Ivanenko O.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2017

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nr 26

EN

The article deals with cultural and educational life of Jews in Kyiv governorate in the 1869s – 1870s, primarily with the activities of Jewish public schools and private schools in the context of the Russian Empire’s national policy. The scientific novelty of this paper is due to the introduction into scientific circulation of documents of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine (Kyiv). The author focuses on strengthening of state supervision over cultural and educational life of Jews in Kyiv governorate, creation of private educational institutions, Jewish communities’ educational activities, aimed at preserving and intergenerational transmission of Jewish culture’s religious traditions and values. After the suppression of Polish national liberation uprising (1863-1864) by force methods, the next stage of planting the Russian preponderance in the Western and South-Western provinces was the eradication of spiritual influences of "enemy elements", to which along with the Poles Jews were also classified. In the context of implementing the Russification ethno-national policy, state Jewish schools were established as a transitional link between the traditional system of Jews’ primary education and educational institutions of the Russian Empire. Of particular importance is the study of education’s influence on the preservation of Jewish communities’ mode of cultural life, on the one hand, and on their socio-psychological integration into the Christian society, on the other, and of the dynamics of Jewish youth’s educational level. The investigation of Jewish communities’ transformation, their communication with the social environments and state institutions is becoming relevant. In general, owing to the study of the ethno-cultural development of Jews in Central and Eastern Europe, it becomes possible to understand the relationship between the processes of assimilation and preservation of original cultural traditions.

19

The Selected Aspects of Jewish-Japanese Relations. The Face of Japanese anti-Semitism

80%

Hoborowicz M.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2015

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tom 15(15)

157-180

EN

There are many factors that significantly influenced the Japanese attitude towards the Jews. Certainly, the most important are: more than 250 years of isolation and cultural dissimilarity, mainly in terms of religion. Within a short space of time, after Japan was forcefully opened to the outside world – with knowledge of art, literature, technological achievements and political and social changes – the Japanese learned about European opinions of the Jews, including the religious ones. However, it did not have an impact on the Japanese attitude towards the Jews. Political developments in the late 1800s and early 1900s created an image of the Jew as an influential person with a great ability in finance management. Japanese elites were convinced that loans granted by Jewish banks contributed to the victory over Western power – Tsarist Russia. Western politicians realised then that Japan has become an important player on Asian political scene. What influenced the Japanese attitude towards the Jews were accusations of inciting chaos in the world – for instance the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Japanese became more cautious, especially when it came to the basic premises of the so-called Fugu Plan but it did not change Japanese-Jewish relations. This attitude preserved even during the times of the Japan’s seemed-to-be close cooperation with the Third Reich – although other countries would tighten their policies towards the Jews.

20

Wyznanie mojżeszowe w Polsce 1945-1961 (zarys działalności)

80%

Urban K.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie

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2006

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nr nr 706

61-80

XX

W opracowaniu omówiono warunki społeczno-polityczne i prawne w jakich dokonuje się odbudowa żydowskiego życia religijnego w Polsce po II wojnie światowej. W pracy skupiono się na trzech problemach: kształtowaniu sytuacji prawno-majątkowej wyznania mojżeszowego, elementach stanu posiadania oraz sprawach spornych i konfliktowych z państwem.

EN

In this article, the author discusses the hugely complex problems relating to the reconstruction and functioning of Jewish religious life after the Holocaust. Until its formal registration in 1961, it had functioned in a largely improvised manner and its status was somewhat transient. The organisational status of the Jewish community was exceptionally fluid. This was due not only to the regulatory policy of the authorities but also to the emigration of Jews from Poland, which greatly weakened religious life. The termination by the state of assistance from Jewish international organizations in 1950-1957 also had an impact. A particularly complex and controversial problem was the property issue, as the authorities consistently refused to recognize the succession rights of Jewish communities (congregations) to pre-war property. (original abstract)