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1

Effect of carbon content in stainless steels on quantity of grinding energy

100%

Wójcik R.

Advances in Materials Science

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2014

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tom Vol. 14, nr 3(41)

45--52

EN

The paper presents a study of the process of grinding stainless steels with different carbon contents. Verified the size and scope of the energy which is introduced in the surface layers for different types of abrasive grains and binders. The influence of parameters in plunge grinding process was considered in studies. The energy ratio was used for this purpose, which was calculated by multiplying energy and time of grinding wheel contact with the workpiece. To investigate influence of different carbon content on the level of energy density generated during grinding process special parameter Bp have been evaluated. The grinding tests were conducted in dry grinding technique.

2

Corrosion Reactivity in the Pre-Clinical Study of 316L and 321 Stainless Steel for Dentistry Applications

80%

Neaga V. , Benea L.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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tom Vol. 67, iss. 1

371--376

EN

Now, the use of any medical device based on metals or alloys, especially intended for dentistry applications, is impossible without preclinical evaluation of its anticorrosion properties. Today, the use of stainless steels with AISI standardization, with predilection 316L and 321, are preferred for ergonomic reasons due to their high operational reliability and optimal mechanical properties for functionality over time. In this regard, 316L and 321 stainless steels are tested for comparison in the solution that simulates human saliva with different pH. Stainless steel samples were subjected to corrosion in Fusayama-Meyer and Carter-Brugirard saliva. In-situ electrochemical measurements were applied, such as the open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the corrosion resistance of 316L is superior to 321 in saliva solution at both pH values.

3

Surface Characteristics and Wear Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel after Different Shot Peening Parameters

80%

Walczak M.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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tom Vol. 17, no 3

124--132

EN

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ZrO2-based ceramic beads shot peening on the performance properties of AISI 316L austenitic steel. The results obtained in the roughness and microhardness measurements, the state of the surface layer, and the tribological properties (ball-on-disc) of the specimens after the peening process were compared to the results obtained for the reference specimen. The tests were carried out with varying parameters of pressure (0.3 MPa, 0.4MPa) and time (30s, 60s). The lowest values of COF (µ=0.576) and wear factor (K=3.95*10-4 mm3N-1m-1) were observed for the surface peened using parameters: 0.4 MPa and 60s. By increasing the time twice, a much lower wear factor can be achieved unlike when increasing the shot peening by 0.1 MPa. Observations of wear traces indicate that abrasive wear is predominant and the transfer of specimen material by countersample is also observed.

4

Study and computer modeling of damage of passive state during evaporation from water solutions

80%

Blahetová M. , Lásek S. , Blaheta R.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

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2007

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tom Vol. 321, z. 89

83-84

EN

The stainless steels and related alloys with sufficient resistance to a general corrosion can be susceptible to a localized corrosion in passive state (pitting, cracking, intergranular corrosion) in certain environment under specific conditions. The Drop Evaporation Test (DET) was developed for study of stainless materials resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at elevated temperatures 100 - 300 °C under constant external load using a chloride containing water solution. In the contribution the initiation and propagation of short cracks as well as pits were observed during the test by the travelling microscope method. The crack initiation and/or propagation can be influenced by the cyclic thermal stresses, when the diluted water solution drops cool down the hot sample. We attend to model stress changes in the testing specimens induced by cooling the heated sample by failing water solution drops. The modeling uses finite element analysis of formulated thermoelasticity problem.

5

Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel Depending on the Surface Preparation Method and Temperature of the Process

80%

Hebda M. , Kaczor P. , Miernik K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, iss. 1

5--11

EN

This paper discusses issues related to optimising the technological parameters of the process of brazing gold in a vacuum furnace. An investigation of the brazing process was carried out for materials used in constructing components for aircraft engine fuel systems. The vacuum brazed material was AMS 5510 stainless steel (in the form of plates and pipes). AMS 4787 (BAu-4) was used as the brazing filler. In particular, the influence of the method of preparing the surface on solder spreading and the thickness of the diffusion zone were analysed. The best spreading of solder was obtained for nickel plated surfaces. When the sample surface was more rough or scratched, the effect of the spreading of solder was limited and the diffusion process of the solder into the base material became dominant. Moreover, the influence of the brazing temperature on microstructure changes and on interdiffusion of the AMS 5510 stainless steel/BAu-4 solder system was determined. It was observed that an increase in the brazing temperature modifies the morphology of the formed joint by forming a massive and rounded phase. Furthermore, an increase in the brazing temperature enhances the exchange of components.

6

The effect of SO3-Ph-BTBP on stainless steel corrosion in nitric acid

80%

Wilbraham R. J. , Boxall C.

Nukleonika

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2015

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tom Vol. 60, No. 4, part 2

865--869

EN

SO3-Ph-BTBP is a hydrophilic tetra-N-dentate ligand proposed for An(III)/Ln(III) separation by solvent extraction, and a candidate for use in future advanced reprocessing schemes such as GANEX and SANEX. We present the first study of the effect of SO3-Ph-BTBP on the corrosion behavior of stainless steels. Specifically, studies have been performed using steels and conditions equivalent to those found in relevant nuclear reprocessing flow sheets. SO3-Ph-BTBP has been shown to have little effect on either steel passivation or reductive dissolution. However, if driven cathodically into a region of hydrogen evolution at the electrode surface or conversely anodically into a region of transpassive dissolution, observed currents are reduced in the presence of SO3-Ph-BTBP, suggesting corrosion inhibition of the steel potentially through weak absorption of a SO3-Ph- -BTBP layer at the metal-solution interface. The lack of any observed corrosion acceleration via complexation of Fe3+ is surprising and has been suggested to be due to the slow extraction kinetics of SO3-Ph-BTBP as a result of a requirement for a trans- to cis-conformational change before binding.

7

Electropolymerized polymer coatings for stainless steel

80%

Trzaskowska P. , Piechna M. , Ciach T.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2016

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tom Vol. 19, no. 138 spec. iss.

98

8

Corrosion Resistance of Some Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions

80%

Kasprzyk D. , Stypuła B.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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tom Vol. 62, iss. 2A

711--714

EN

The present work compares corrosion behaviour of four types of S30403, S31603, S32615 austenitic and S32404 austeniticferritic stainless steels in chloride solutions (1%, 3% NaCl) and in Ringer solution, at 37°C temperature. Corrosion resistance was determined by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and a thirty day immersion test conducted in Ringer solution. The immersion test was performed in term of biomedical application. These alloy were spontaneously passivated in all electrolytes, wherein S30403, S31603 and S32404 undergo pitting corrosion. Only S32615 containing 5.5% Si shows resistance to pitting corrosion.

9

Changes of stainless steels surface morphology as a result of interaction with intense pulsed plasma beams containing ions of rare earth elements

80%

Sartowska B. , Piekoszewski J. , Waliś L. , Składnik-Sadowska E. , Barlak M.

Nukleonika

|

2008

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tom Vol. 53, suppl. 2

43--48

EN

Among different methods used in surface engineering such as CVD, PVD, ion implantation etc., the techniques using high intensity ion or plasma beams are relatively new ones. The results reported thus far show that the treatment of steel surface with high intensity plasma pulses can lead to changes of its morphology and mechanical properties. Stainless steels have very good corrosion resistance, but they have low hardness and poor tribological properties. The intense pulsed plasma beams were used for modification of alloyed steels especially austenitic (1.4301 and 1.4401) and ferritic (1.4016) stainless steels with various content of alloying elements. Samples were irradiated with 2, 5 or 10 short (μs scale) intense (density of energy was about 5 J/cm2) pulses. Heating and cooling processes were of non-equilibrium type. In all samples the near surface layer of the thickness in μm range was melted and simultaneously doped with cerium and lanthanum. The aim of this work was to investigate the changes of stainless steel surface morphology after melting, rare earth elements (REE) addition and rapid solidification after interaction with intense pulsed plasma beams. The surface morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Changes of surface roughness were determined by profilometric measurements. The efficiency of REE addition process was also determined.

10

Investigation of Initial Wear Period of Differently Coated Carbide Cutting Tools

80%

Bartoszuk M. , Grzesik W.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 15, No. 4

37--45

EN

In this paper the results of experimental studies concerning the phenomenon of initial period of the wear of differently coated sintered carbide tools when dry orthogonal cutting of an AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel are presented. The motivation for this study results from the lack of technological guides concerning the optimal choice of coated cutting tools for machining of corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steels. A number of cutting tool inserts with the plane rake face made of a fine H10F sintered carbide substrate with specially deposited TiN, including TiCN, TiAlN, AlTiN and AlCrN single layers were used in wear tests. Both rake and flank faces of the cutting inserts were examined by optical and confocal microscopy after controlled tool wear. The possible wear mechanisms in terms of changes of the tool-chip contact were investigated.

11

Bactericidal properties of Cu doped TiO2 films deposited on medical stainless steel

80%

Sobczyk-Guzenda A. , Owczarek S. , Jakubowski W. , Jędrzejczak A. , Gazicki-Lipman M. , Szymanowski H.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2017

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tom Vol. 20, no. 143 spec. iss.

75

12

Investigations of reconstruction of passivation layer on stainless steel surface using AFM-based techniques

80%

Błaszczyk M. , Durko M. , Iwanicka Z. , Lochyński P. , Sikora A.

Materials Science Poland

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2018

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tom Vol. 36, No. 3

381--386

EN

Continuous development of stainless steel technology forced by the increase in the growing demands on the operating parameters of various stainless steel alloys, is the motivation for implementation of research for understanding the complexity of electrochemical processes ongoing on the surface of a material during various technological processes and during exploitation of the finished components. In this paper, the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) is presented as a tool for observation of reconstruction process of passivation layers on the surface of previously electropolished stainless steel. For this purpose, a technique called nanoscratching was used, in which scratches are made on the surface of a material by means of diamond scanning probe, which violates the continuity of the passivation layer. Then, the dynamics of the process of reconstruction of that layer was assessed using continuous imaging of the scratched area in AFM semicontact mode. Studies of this type can be used to evaluate the impact of various factors on the spontaneous reconstruction of the passivation layer as well as possible susceptibility of the material on the course of corrosion processes initiated as a result of mechanical defects arising during operation of the material. By using the AFM, it was possible to observe changes in the depth of scratches with a subnanometer resolution. Obtained results proved that the presented AFM application allowed observation of the dynamics of passivation layer reconstruction process in a quantitative fashion, therefore it seems to be a very useful tool in the investigation of the impact of various conditions on this phenomenon. The results showed that changes in surface modification were occurring in a continuous manner. Changing dynamics of said process was presented. It should be underlined that no such experiments have been reported so far.

13

Heat treatment of a 13CR-6NI-2.5MO-TI supermartensitic steel

80%

Rořnovska G. , Vodárek V. , Tvardý M. , Korčák A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

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2001

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tom Vol. 279, z. 72

179-184

14

Parylene N coating on stainless steel surface as a protective layer for metal implants

80%

Cieślik M.

Challenges of Modern Technology

|

2010

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tom Vol. 1, no. 1

23--26

EN

The protection properties of parylene coating on implant stainless steel 316L was investigated. The electrochemical measurements and metal ions release tests in Hanks solution revealed that the coating can be successfully used for corrosion protection. The addition of hydrogen peroxide, simulating the infl ammatory response of human body causes a decrease of protection properties of the coating. However, usage of parylene coating on stainless steel reduce iron ions release rates.

15

Chemiczna obróbka stali szlachetnych.

80%

Stapf M.

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2000

|

tom R. 44, nr 1

53-55

16

Verification on cutting zone machinability during the turning of a new stainless steel and accompanying phenomena

80%

Jurko J. , Gajdoš M. , Zaborowski T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Nauki Techniczne

|

2011

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tom Z. 16

33-40

EN

The study presents the results of machinability tests on a new X8Cr20Ni10TiMo austenitic stainless steel which is applied to food processing industry, and it also describes important parameters of the cutting zone during the process of turning. The paper discusses the analysis of selected domains through basic indicators of steel machinability. In the cutting tests, cutting speeds ranged from 80 to 150 m/min, the feed rate - from 0.1 to 0.6 mm. The CNMG 080408-MF solid carbide indexable insert was used. The value of the tool wear criterion, VBK, was 0.3 mm. Chips were analysed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

17

Laser surface alloying of sintered stainless steels with SiC powder

80%

Brytan Z. , Dobrzański L. A. , Pakieła W.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2011

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tom Vol. 47, nr 1

42--56

EN

Purpose: The goal of this study is to investigate effects of laser surface alloying with SiC powder on microstructural changes and properties of vacuum sintered austenitic X2CrNiMo17-12-2, ferritic X6Cr13 and duplex X2CrNiMo22-8-2 stainless steels. Design/methodology/approach: Surface modification of sintered stainless steels was carried out by laser surface alloying with SiC powder using high power diode laser (HPDL). The influence of laser alloying conditions, the laser beam power (between 0.7 and 2.1 kW) at constant scanning rate on the width of alloyed surface layer and penetration depth were studied. The resulting microstructure in laser alloyed surface layer was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The microhardness results of modified surface layer were also studied. Findings: The alloyed surface layer has a fine dendritic microstructure with iron-chromium carbides precipitations. The surface layer was enriched in silicon and carbon that produced microstructural changes and resulting microhardness increase. Beside studied stainless steels the duplex one revealed highest hardening effect by laser alloying with SiC powder, where related microhardness was about 500-600 HV Practical implications: Laser surface alloying with SiC powder can be an efficient method of surface layer hardening of sintered stainless steels and produce significant improvement of surface layer properties in terms of hardness and wear resistance. Originality/value: Application of high power diode laser can guarantee uniform heating of treated surface, thus uniform thermal cycle across processed area and uniform penetration depth of alloyed surface layer.

18

The influence of changing of treatment condition on surface roughness parameter during turning process by wiper insert

80%

Labuda W.

Journal of KONES

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2019

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tom Vol. 26, No. 1

81--88

EN

One of the greatest problems of modern production techniques is the achievement of an appropriate quality at minimal costs and accompanied by the production efficiency increase. Therefore, while designing the production process. The technology used should have a considerable influence on the durability and reliability of machine parts to be produced. During finish treatment, the final dimensions as well as functional properties are imparted to a given element by application of proper treatment type. The engineer has a range of production techniques to choose for the proper surface layer formation. It is crucial to find a suitable solution which will meet the requirements as well as the work conditions of a given machine part. The article presents the results of influence of change of cutting parameters on surface roughness parameter during turning process of stainless steel. A shaft made of 304L stainless steel was used for the research. The chemical composition of steel was measured by Solaris-ccd plus optical spectrometer. The cutting process was carried out on a universal CDS 6250 BX-1000 centre lathes. Measurement of surface roughness was carried out by T8000 profilometer. The turning process was conducted by a cutting tool with Wiper insert. During the turning, the following machining parameters were used: cutting speed Vc [m/min], feed f [mm/rev], cutting depth ap [mm] and additionally changed nose radius r [mm], and tool cutting edge angle ϰr [º]. The results of measurements of Ra parameter underwent statistic analysis. The calculations were conducted by Statistica software.

19

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of ODS Ferritic Stainless Steels for High Temperature Service Applications

80%

Noh S. , Kang S. H. , Kim T. K.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, iss. 3

921--924

EN

In this study, ODS ferritic stainless steels were fabricated using a commercial alloy powder, and their microstructures and mechanical properties were studied to develop the advanced structural materials for high temperature service applications. Mechanical alloying and uniaxial hot pressing processes were employed to produce the ODS ferritic stainless steels. It was revealed that oxide particles in the ODS stainless steels were composed of Y-Si-O, Y-Ti-Si-O, and Y-Hf-Si-O complex oxides were observed depending on minor alloying elements, Ti and Hf. The ODS ferritic stainless steel with a Hf addition presented ultra-fine grains with uniform distributions of fine complex oxide particles which located in grains and on the grain boundaries. These favorable microstructures led to superior tensile properties than commercial stainless steel and ODS ferritic steel with Ti addition at elevated temperature.

20

Finishing treatment of marine pump shafts made of X5CRNI18-10 steel

80%

Labuda W.

Journal of KONES

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 25, No. 2

215--222

EN

One of the greatest problems of modern production techniques is the achievement of an appropriate quality at minimal costs and accompanied by the production efficiency increase. Therefore, while designing the production process, the technology used should have a considerable influence on the durability and reliability of machine parts to be produced. During finish treatment, the final dimensions as well as functional properties are imparted to a given element by application of proper treatment type. The engineer has a range of production techniques to choose for the proper surface layer formation. It is crucial to find a suitable solution which will meet the requirements as well as the work conditions of a given machine part. The article presents the results of influence of cutting parameters change on temperature and cutting forces during turning process of stainless steel. A shaft made of 304L stainless steel was used for the research. The cutting process was carried out on a universal CDS 6250 BX-1000 centre lathe. Measurement of cutting forces during lathing process used DKM 2010 turning dynamometer. The turning process was conducted by a cutting tool with CCET09T302R-MF insert by DIJET. During the turning, the following machining parameters were used: cutting speed Vc = 152, 219, 304 m/min, feed f = 0.044, 0.062, 0.083 mm/rev and cutting depth ap = 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 mm. The view of the nose radius of cutting tool before and after the turning process was made by the Smartzoom 5 microscope.