Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Spojrzenie dziecka metaforą kina

100%

Helman A.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2013

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nr 81

24-38

PL

Autorka analizuje strategię twórczą polegajacą na posłużeniu się figurą dziecka, co oznacza wykorzystanie spojrzenia bohatera/bohaterki w funkcji dyspozytywu. Strategia ta może zarówno sterować całością wypowiedzi, jak też dotyczyć fragmentów dzieła, które otrzymują w ten sposób specyficzne nacechowanie. Autorka dostrzega działanie tej strategii w dwu całkiem od siebie różnych odmianach. Jej zdaniem strategie te idealnie korespondują z propozycjami teoretyków kina. Dyspozytyw wykorzystujący dziecięce spojrzenie w funkcji nieuprzedzonego oka koresponduje z koncepcją André Bazina sformułowana w "Ontologii obrazu fotograficznego", natomiast dyspozytyw w funkcji magicznej z propozycjami i analizami Edgara Morin, ktore znajdujemy w książce "Kino i wyobraźnia". Strategię pierwszą analizuje autorka na przykładzie filmów Carlosa Saury i André Téchiné, wskazując na jej warianty w filmach chińskich. Wizję magiczną ilustruje przede wszystkim "Duch roju" Víctora Erice i "Nakarmić kruki" Carlosa Saury.

EN

The author examines the creative strategy relying on using a figure of a child, and using its gaze to fill the function of the dispositive. This strategy can both steer the expression as a whole, but it can also be appliedto fragments of the work, which thus obtain a specific characteristic. The author sees the effect of this strategy in two quite different versions. In her view, these strategies correspond perfectly with the ideas proposed by theoreticians of cinema. The dispositive using the child’s gaze as an unprejudiced eye corresponds with André Bazin’s notion presented in The "Ontology of the Photographic Image", whereas the dispositive in its magical function agrees with the suggestions and ideas of Edgar Morin, which we may find in his book "The Cinema or the Imaginary Man". The author analyses the first strategy using the examples of the work of Carlos Saura and André Téchiné, also pointing to its variation in Chinese films. She illustrates the magical vision using Carlos Saura’s "Cría cuervos" ("Raise Ravens") and Víctor Erice’s "The Spirit of the Beehive".

2

Práca s dieťaťom s poruchami správania

100%

Bryndzák P. , Špánik S.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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nr 3(22)

5-23

EN

The work highlights the different approaches work with at-risk youth with behavioral disorders. Describe the socio-pathological phenomena in contemporary society, the family and family education, which result in socially and educationally deprived environment. We are approaching the process of socialization, behavioral and characterize their classification. We stress the importance and possibilities of prevention, particularly early detection of behavioral disorders. It highlights the importance of teamwork in the process of assessment and intervention provided clients with educational needs. The work is focused on professional activities in special-educational facility that provides help achieve positive change in clients with behavioral problems and when incorporated into the social environment. Part of the work is casuistic study of a particular client is a description of significant factors: family ties and relationships, pathological behaviors, educational approaches, the possibility of re-education, attitudes, values. The information obtained we used the recommendations and proposals for practice.

3

Vision problems in children - a review

100%

Kourkouta L. , Frantzana E. , Iliadis C. , Ouzounakis P. , Monios A.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2017

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tom 7(2)

80-84

EN

Introduction: A vision problem is a condition which involves not only visual difficulty but also blindness. Purpose: The purpose of this short review study is the early recognition of vision problems in children, the proper treatment as well as their prevention. Materials and methods: The material of the study has been recent articles on the subject that have been found mainly in the electronic database Medline, (HEAL-Link), with the following keywords: children, vision impairment, blindness, treatment, prevention. Review: A high risk group of individuals that frequently presents ophthalmic severe lesions leading to blindness consists of children with prenatal and perinatal adverse effects. Conclusions: Education gives the opportunity of co-existence between the blind and people who are able to see. This is the path to social inclusion of individuals with vision problems. Moreover, it is estimated these two groups would have more points in common than differences between them through this experience.

4

Kynotheraphy as the innovative form of supporting disabled children

100%

Żukowska-Nawrot K.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2013

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nr 2(12)

413-416

5

Przemoc i agresja u dzieci i młodzieży. O języku agresji

85%

Sileńska A. , Szpunar K.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

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2020

|

tom 50

EN

Aggression is defined as the intentional action which causes pain and injury. The actions of an aggressive nature are designed to cause physical or mental harm to another person (Aronson, Wilson, & Akert, 1997). In contrast, violence is defined as an intentional action that goes beyond social norms and causes mental or physical pain (Pospiszyl, 1999). The article is concentrated on aggressive and violent language among children and adolescents. The term of ”language of aggression” has not been precisely defined yet. The language of aggression occurs the most when negative emotions and intentions are involved in the communication (Majchrzyk, 2002). The language of aggression is not only about using specific bad words but also about the way we speak. The article presents an overview of Polish and foreign literature concerning the issue of the language of aggression in children and adolescents. It shows why do teenagers and children use aggressive language, how is defined term of ”aggressive language” and what specialists can do to prevent such kind of problem.

6

Czy tylko „dzieci, kuchnia, kościół”? Kobiety w polskim protestantyzmie w XIX i w początkach XX wieku

80%

Stegner T.

Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki

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2016

|

tom 10

43-56

EN

The XIX century Polish evangelical opinion-forming circles emerged in the Kingdom of Poland.Their views were reflected in press, mainly in “Zwi-astun Evangeliczny – Evangelical Herald”.The leading representative of these circles was Leopold Otto, pastor in Warsaw and Cieszyn, editor of “Zwiastun”.Issues affecting women used to be quite frequent topics of sermons and articles.For evangelical circles woman had to be, above all, a wife, mother and good Christian that does not go beyond the frames of the “the 3 K’s” designation. Apart from the family and religious spheres no other role was allocated to women.However, she had to be mother and an active housewife running the household in a modern way as for those times.Any postulates of equality or professionalization of women were decidedly rejected.Any attempts aimed to change women's position and hierarchy of duties were treated as attempts to violate the moral order and, consequently, the social order as well.Woman had to be exclusively a good Christian, mother and wife.Those were her fundamental tasks necessary for the functioning of society.This pattern was, as a rule, observed in Protestant families in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries.Similar pattern was followed in Catholic communities.

7

Pomiar zmęczenia – przegląd narzędzi

80%

Kulik A.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

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2013

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tom XVIII

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nr 4

419-440

EN

Chronic fatigue is a common symptom but a small investigated. Scientific interests of this problem increased significantly during the last two decades. The same a large number of instruments have been developed to measure chronic fatigue. The aim of this article is to present a review of fatigue measures. These are divided in three groups: scales for healthy people, scales for people with chronic fatigue syndrome, scales for patients with other chronic diseases. Each scale is described in followed aspects: structure, way of answering, interpretation, utility, modification and psychometric properties.

8

THE HIERARCHY OF VALUES AMONG CHILDREN AT YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ABERDEEN)

80%

LESZEK A. , PIOTR M. , RENATA S.-Z.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2017

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nr 2

99-105

EN

The issue of values in the process of bringing up children is still valid in the literature connected with pedagogy. The main purpose of this article is to show the hierarchy of values among children at younger school age. The problem of importance of the values in the young children’s lives will be presented on the basis of the own research conducted among primary school pupils from Aberdeen.

9

Impact of biological treatment on intestinal microbiom in children with Crohn’s disease

80%

Krawczyk A. , Sroka-Oleksiak A. , Kowalska-Duplaga K. , Fyderek K. , Gosiewski T. , Salamon D.

World Scientific News

|

2018

|

tom 104

245-256

EN

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, inflammatory illness of the digestive tract, characterized by alternating periods of remission and recurrence. The pathogenesis of CD is still unclear but probably is a result of a complex interaction between immunological, genetic and microbiological disorders. In recent years, there has been an increasing extent of evidence that gut microbiota plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of CD. Currently, the most effective treatment is biological therapy using anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. It is interesting whether biological drugs resulting in fast remission, contributes to the normalization of the gut microbiota. Due to the fact that the children’s population is a significant percentage of all patients with CD, it is important to pay close attention to the problem of microbiological disorders in this age group. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are quantitative changes of chosen bacteria species and fungi of the genus Candida in children with Crohn's disease relative to healthy children and assesment of quantitative changes in patients after biological treatment. In the group of children with Crohn’s disease, the numbers in Candida were significantly higher (9.74×1017 CFU/g) than in the control group (9.35×1010 CFU/g, p = 0.011). Biological therapy led to a significant reduction in the amount Candida (5.91×1011) and was comparable with the number in the control group. In the case of bacteria, we observed an increase in S. marcescens (3,4×108) in the patients group compared to the controls (1,85×108) and an increase in L. fermentum (2,34×1010) in relation to healthy children (3,31×108, p = 0,048) Biological treatment had an impact on the decrease in L. fermentum (4,76×109, p = 0.05).

10

Development of Children's Creative Activity in Preschool

80%

Klim-Klimaszewska A.

Journal of Preschool and Elementary School Education

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2012

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nr 1

27-39

EN

An essential element of the teaching system, which is of vital importance, is the set of educational methods. A prominent place amongst these is occupied by those methods that develop creative activity; this is because the main element that results in the maximizing of the child’s developmental chances is its creative activity. The article presents the following methods that actively develop the nursery school pupil’s creativity: the project method, the construction of board games, Celestyn Freinet’s techniques, Maria Montessori’s method, Carl Orn’s method of physical expression through actions, Alfred and Maria Kniess’ method of rhythmical gymnastics, Weronika Sherborne’s Developmental Movement, Josef Gottfrid Thulin’s method of making stories through physical actions, Emil Jagues-Dalcroze’s method, Edwin E. Gordon’s method of developing the love of music, Bati Strauss’ method of active listening to music, theatre, drama, music therapy, Maxwell Malz’s method of forming a positive image of oneself, and the practise of creative visualization for children. The methods listed above are dinerent ways of working with children that rely on releasing their free creative expression, in contrast to traditional teaching methods that oppose those methods that activate the educational process. They are educational and developmental methods for children who are at nursery school, and they facilitate unconstrained activeness and creation.

11

Examining the image of nursing among the children hospitalized in the oncology ward

80%

Wańkowicz A. , Wańkowicz P. , Golubka P. , Golubka W. , Dłuski D. , Mierzyński R. , Darmochwał-Kolarz D. , Emeryk A.

Polish Journal of Public Health

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2015

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tom 125

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nr 2

90-93

EN

Introduction. Patients, as subjects of medical care, are becoming increasingly more demanding toward medical professionals which poses a challenge both for doctors and nurses. A variety of factors influences the professional image of a nurse. Different features are involved, including the nurse’s professional or interpersonal skills their personal beliefs, attitude, as well as social stereotypes about nurses. Aim. Looking at the image of nursing among the children hospitalized in the oncology ward. Material and methods. The authors used both literature review and a questionnaire of their own making. The literature review was done using data from the databases of Polish Central Medical Library. The research group comprised 32 children (aged from 8 to 17), all undergoing hospitalization in Hematology/Oncology and Child Transplantology in Lublin. The statistical calculations are made using Chi2 tests. The test results of p<0.05 were held as statistically significant. Results. The group was mostly composed of children aged 14 to 17 (56.25%). There were more boys (62.5%) than girls. The majority of children came from rural areas (71.87%) and most of them read through the documentation concerning the rules of the ward. Both nurses’ work and relations with patients were graded as “good” by the patients. Children pointed to “nice appearance” as the most important feature of every nurse. Discussion. A pediatric nurse should be patient, have lots of understanding, be sympathetic, caring and able to hold their nerve. Unfortunately, according to authors of earlier studies, not all nurses have these traits. This is due to the fact that the staff rarely involve in communication with the patients and they lack interpersonal skills. Conclusions. Children have a very high opinion on the work of nurses at the Hematology/Oncology and Child Transplantology Clinics. The children emphasized that the following features have the highest impact on their picture of the nurse: nice looks, being protective and caring. A research study conducted at the Hematology/Oncology and Child Transplantology Clinics shows the right features that a nurse should have

12

Vaccinations of Children Against Chickenpox and Pneumococcal Infection on the Example of Several Family Practice Physicians' Settings

80%

Bednarek A. , Mianowana V.

Polish Journal of Public Health

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2015

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tom 124

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nr 4

199-202

EN

Introduction. Vaccinations against varicella and pneumococcal infection are an important form of prevention of infectious diseases and their possible complications. Aim. Assessment of the vaccination control of children against varicella, and pneumococcal infection based on selected institutions of family practice physician. Material and methods. There were verified 807 immunization cards of children from three vaccination offices, selected at random from the area of the southeastern Poland, i.e. the provinces of Lubelskie, Podkarpackie and Świêtokrzyskie. Based on the results of quantitative analysis of medical records of vaccination carried out in these institutions through 2007-2012, the number of children vaccinated against varicella, and pneumococcal infection was assessed. Results. The largest number of vaccinated children (against pneumococcal infection - 148 children and 84 against varicella among 335 subjects reporting in the facility) was confirmed in health care unit in Lublin. In health care unit in Podkarpackie the number of vaccinated children against pneumococcal infection was 84 and against chicken pox - 52 among 256 children using the medical services. In health care unit in Świêtokrzyskie, 65 children were vaccinated against pneumococcal infection and 34 against varicella among 216 subjects reporting at the institution. The vast majority of these vaccines (431 - including three centers) was paid by parents. Conclusions. 1. In all of the centers, a higher proportion of children was vaccinated against pneumococcal infection than chickenpox. 2. There was not a marked increase in the number of children vaccinated against varicella and pneumococcal infection during the analyzed period.

13

Analysis of Expression of Acetylcholine and Acetylcholinesterase in the Urinary Bladder in Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children

80%

Apoznański W.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2007

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tom 79

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nr 5

375-384

EN

Numerous disorders of the lower urinary tract observed in children, such as dysfunctional voiding, infections or vesicoureteral reflux, may be caused by defective synchronization between the central nervous system and the activity of the lower urinary tract. The analysis of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase's activity - the mediator and inhibitor of neurotransmission in the parasympathetic nervous system - can provide a lot of information concerning the extent to which the anomalies have developed and the possibility of pharmacological correction of the aforementioned lower urinary tract pathology.The aim of the study was to determine the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the pathological creation of vesicoureteral reflux.Material and methods. This study was conducted between the years 2000 and 2004 in the Clinic of Pediatric Surgery and Urology of Wrocław Medical University. Thirty children who underwent surgical correction of vesicoureteral reflux underwent full-thickness biopsy of the bladder wall during the procedure. In each case, the biopsy was taken from the top of the bladder incision used to perform uretrocy-stoneostomy; those children formed group "0". Nineteen children with neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract who had bladder-augmenting surgery also underwent biopsy from the top of the bladder incision; those children formed group "N". Results of the bladder wall's tests of 6 children who have undergone surgery to open the bladder for a different reason than vesicoureteral reflux were also analyzed (control group - K). The biopsies of the bladder wall were put on ice and immediately sent to the Immunohistochemy Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Institute of the Medical University in Wrocław. These samples underwent a reaction with monoclonal antybodies against acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase to determine acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase activity. Because of considerable difficulty in objective determination of the intensity of the colour reaction, an arbitrary division into three structural areas of the bladder was introduced:- epithelium- blood vessel endothelium- muscle layerIn order to interpret the results of the tests, a statistical analysis was performed.Results. Statistical analysis of the results shows a strong correlation between the occurrence of bladder instability and ACH stimulation in the bladder wall's muscle layer, both in children with vesicoureteral reflux and with neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. A similar reaction occurs with ACHE and bladder instability. Degrees of this correlation suggest a strong cause-and-effect relationship between parasympathetic activity and the bladder instability phenomenon. One could ask at this point if it is caused by too much ACH or not enough ACHE activity. The performed analyses indicate that both processes are present.Conclusion. One of the preconditions of vesicoureteral reflux occurrence is excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system in bladder wall epithelium.

14

Evaluation of Gingival Conditions and Saliva TNF-α Concentration in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

80%

Pels E.

Polish Journal of Public Health

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2015

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tom 124

|

nr 2

81-85

EN

Introduction. Patients with the history of neoplastic disease in childhood and adolescence, successfully treated, are at higher risk in terms of their susceptibility to develop other diseases later in their lives. Aim. The purpose of study was to evaluate saliva TNF-α concentration in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with reference to gingival inflammations. Material and methods. The investigation was carried out in the group of 78 children with ALL aged 2-18yrs and analogical in terms of age and gender group of healthy controls. Results. Gingival conditions were expressed as gingival index (GI). In the group of children with ALL mean GI determined in examination 1 was 0.084±0.34, in examination 2 GI=0.007±0.04 and in examination 3 mean GI=0.017±0.13. In the group of healthy controls GI=0.003±0.03. Saliva concentration of TNF-α determined in the group of children with ALL in examination 1 ranged 4.16-135.01pg/ml. In that group in examination 1, mean saliva TNF-α concentration was 36.9±32.6pg/ml. In the group of healthy children mean saliva TNF-α concentration was 52.1±107.64pg/ml. Conclusions. The authors, who observed various increases in the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the saliva and oral tissues in the patients consider that the proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva present in significantly higher concentrations in the future may have diagnostic and predicative value as replace indices of neoplastic transformations. Monitoring of prognostic factors affecting inflammations of the oral mucosa in children with ALL is likely to prevent complications to standard treatment and prolonged time of anticancer therapy. Early evaluation of those parameters can quicken recovery and strengthen patient's health. Close cooperation between dentists and pediatricians-hematologists is important in maintaining oral health and improve the quality of life of children suffering from neoplastic diseases.

15

ZACHOWANIA ZDROWOTNE I MIEJSCE ZDROWIA W HIERARCHII WARTOŚCI DZIECI W MŁODSZYM WIEKU SZKOLNYM

80%

PIOTR M.

Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy

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2017

|

nr 1

117-125

EN

Health is one of the most important values in every person's life. A healthy lifestyle should be an important element in the value hierarchy of children and adolescents. Health behaviors are one of the most important determinants of human health and are the basis for the correct development of children. The aim of the article is to provide feedback to students at a younger school age on health behavior and health in their personal value hierarchy.

16

Can olive oil prevent distal colon mucosal atrophy caused by disuse in rats with colostomy? An experimental animal study

80%

Atıcı A. , Demir E. , Gürsoy D. , Çelikkaya M. , Akçora B.

Polish Journal of Surgery

|

2021

|

tom 93

|

nr 4

35-40

EN

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects of pure olive oil on mucosal atrophy of the distal colon in rats. Material and methods: The study included 28 male albino Wistar rats weighing 300–350 g. A total of 28 animals were randomly allocated to four groups: group 1: control group (n = 6); group 2: ostomy group (n = 6); group 3: ostomy + saline group (n = 8); group 4: ostomy + olive oil group (n = 8). By definition, group 1 did not undergo any procedure. The same surgical procedure was performed for groups 2, 3, and 4 as described below. In all animals from these groups, a two-centimeter-long mid-line incision was made and the colon was divided into 5 cm sections, measured from the distal colon to the caecum. Proximal and distal stomas were created 2 cm apart in the midline with the use of single-layer interrupted sutures. All rats were kept under close daily observation until they were terminated postoperatively after the 1st month. Animals from group 2 did not undergo any additional procedures, while those fromgroups 3 and 4 were given 2 mL of saline and olive oil twice a day, respectively. At the end of the 1st month, the rats were re-operated through the same approach. Biopsies were taken from the proximal and distal stomas of all rats in the same manner for further histopathological analysis. Results: Group 1 showed no significant differences in terms of mucosal thickness, muscular thickness, wall thickness or colonic lumen diameter between the proximal and distal segments of the colon. Although there were significant differences between the proximal and distal colostomies for each parameter in groups 2, 3, and 4, the mucosal thickness, muscular thickness, wall thickness, and colonic lumen diameter differences for proximal and distal ostomies were very small in group 4 when compared to groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: The administration of pure olive oil through the distal colon before colostomy closure may reduce the difference in diameter between the proximal and distal intestinal segments. As a result, a more straightforward surgical procedure may be achieved.

17

Kto polubi Mary Lennox? "Tajemniczy ogród" Agnieszki Holland i współczesne kino familijne

80%

Ostrowska-Chmura E.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

|

2013

|

nr 81

52-68

PL

"Tajemniczy ogród" ("The Secret Garden", 1993), pierwszy film zrealizowany przez Agnieszkę Holland w Hollywood, jest adaptacją powieści Frances Hodgson Burnett powszechnie uznawanej za klasykę literatury dziecięcej. Autorka artykułu twierdzi, że film ten jest efektem różnorodnych negocjacji między różnymi modelami i tradycjami estetycznymi kina – głównie hollywoodzkiego kina familijnego oraz europejskiego kina artystycznego. W pierwszej części artykułu omówiony jest kontekst produkcyjny "Tajemniczego ogrodu" i jego wpływ na ostateczny kształt artystyczny filmu. Następnie przedmiotem analizy jest kategoria kina familijnego, do której film Holland jest zaliczany. W części analitycznej artykułu autorka szczegółowo analizuje sekwencje początkową i końcową filmu, by na ich przykładzie omówić proces negocjacji estetycznych i ideologicznych.

EN

'The Secret Garden' (1993), the first film made by Agnieszka Holland in Hollywood, is based on a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett, that is widely recognised as a classic of children’s literature. The author argues that this film is the result of various negotiations between the many different models and aesthetic traditions of cinema – mainly Hollywood family cinema and the European art cinema. In the first part of the article the author discusses the context of production of "The Secret Garden" and its influence on the final artistic shape of the film. Then the analysis turns to the category of family cinema, to which Holland’s film is said to belong. In the analytical part of the article the author analyses in detail the initial and final sequences of the film, and using them as an example, she discusses the process of aesthetic and ideological negotiations.

18

Grayscale ultrasound characteristics of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease severity – an adult and pediatric cohort study

80%

Strzelczyk M. , Podgórski M. , Afshari S. , Tkaczyk M. , Pawlak-Bratkowska M. , Grzelak P.

Journal of Ultrasonography

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2017

|

tom 17

|

nr 69

85-90

EN

Introduction: The most common hereditary kidney condition is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. It is the cause of 5–10% of end-stage renal disease. Its symptoms are generally late-onset, typically leading to development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice in its diagnosis and management. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of grayscale ultrasound imaging in evaluating disease severity. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 81 patients diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 35 adults and 46 children. Inclusion criterion for adults was the presence of at least 10 large cysts in each kidney; children included into the study had developed at least 1 large renal cyst in each kidney. The number of large cysts, echogenicity of kidney parenchyma, cortical thickness and presentation of cortex/medulla boundary were assessed with the use of Logiq E9 apparatus (GE Healthcare, Netherlands). Patients were divided into groups, based on these morphological parameters. Kidney function was assessed according to serum creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance. Statistical analysis was performed, with p-value lower than 0.05 considered as significant. Results: The number of cysts and the degree of parenchymal dysfunction were the determinants of creatinine level and creatinine clearance, with the second predictor proving stronger. Conclusions: We recommend that an ultrasound kidney examination in patients with polycystic kidney disease should include evaluating renal parenchyma and the number of cysts for better assessment of disease severity.

PL

Autosomalne dominujące wielotorbielowate zwyrodnienie nerek to najczęstsza dziedziczna choroba tego narządu. Stanowi ono przyczynę 5–10% przypadków schyłkowej niewydolności nerek. Jej objawy pojawiają się późno – z reguły prowadzi do rozwoju nadciśnienia tętniczego oraz przewlekłej choroby nerek. Ultrasonografia jest metodą z wyboru w obrazowaniu tego schorzenia, zarówno w diagnostyce, jak i leczeniu. Celem pracy była ocena wartości diagnostycznej badania ultradźwiękowego w określaniu stopnia zaawansowania choroby. Materiał i metoda: Grupa badana składała się z 81 chorych, u których zdiagnozowano autosomalne dominujące zwyrodnienie wielotorbielowate nerek, w tym 35 dorosłych i 46 dzieci. Kryteria włączenia u dorosłych obejmowały obecność co najmniej 10 dużych torbieli w każdej nerce, a u dzieci – co najmniej 1 dużej torbieli w każdej nerce. Liczba dużych torbieli, echogeniczność miąższu nerek, grubość warstwy korowej i obecność zróżnicowania korowo-rdzeniowego były oceniane przy użyciu aparatu Logiq E9 (GE Healthcare, Holandia). Pacjentów podzielono na grupy zgodnie z ich wskaźnikami morfologicznymi. Funkcję nerek oceniono zgodnie z osoczowym stężeniem kreatyniny i klirensem kreatyniny. W analizie za istotną statystycznie przyjęto wartość p < 0,05. Wyniki: Liczba torbieli i stopień upośledzenia funkcji miąższu były determinantami stężenia kreatyniny i klirensu kreatyniny; stopień upośledzenia funkcji miąższu okazał się bardziej istotny. Wnioski: W celu dokonania lepszej oceny aktywności choroby u pacjentów z torbielowatym zwyrodnieniem nerek rekomendujemy ultradźwiękową ocenę miąższu nerek oraz liczby torbieli. Artykuł w wersji polskojęzycznej jest dostępny na stronie http://jultrason.pl/index.php/wydawnictwa/volume-17-no-69

19

Snacking in children according to age

80%

Pac P. , Gładka A. , Maciorkowska M. , Zalewska M. , Musiałowski P. , Zakrzewski M. , Maciorkowska E.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2017

|

tom 7(1)

107-113

EN

Introduction: One of the major nutritional mistakes committed by children and adolescents is snacking between meals. Sweet or salty snacks are rich in simple sugars, fats, preservatives and dyes, and poor in minerals and vitamins. Their excessive consumption can lead to the development of diet-related diseases in the future. Purpose: To evaluate the nutrition of children and adolescents with a focus on snacking between meals. Materials and methods: The study included 162 students from Bialystok schools, of which primary school students accounted for 30.2%, junior high school 38.3%, high school 31.5%. The questionnaire used by the authors contained 27 questions. Results: Regular meals were consumed by only 55.1% of primary school students, 35.5% of junior high school, and 37.3% of high school students. Two and fewer meals a day were consumed by 1.6% to 5.8% of the students studied. First breakfast was omitted by 18.4% of the students in elementary school, 16.1% of junior high school, and 15.7% of high school. Second breakfast was omitted by 12.9% to 17.6% of the respondents.Sweet products instead of a second breakfast were consumed by 44.9% of primary school students, 61.3% of junior high school, and 64.7% of high school students. Snacking most often occurred in the respondents' home (69.4% of elementary school students, 43.5% of secondary level students, and 52.9% of high school students). Water in school was drunk by 85.7% of primary level students, 56.5% of junior high school, and 51.0% of high school. The main source of knowledge about nutrition for 61.2% of primary level students was the family, while television, radio, and the Internet were the main sources of knowledge for 62.7% of high school students. Conclusions: The regularity of eating in the study group decreased with the studied students’ age. The most popular products in the group of younger students were salty snacks and sweets. Healthy snacking was observed more frequently in the group of high school students. The main place of snacking was the home. The primary source of knowledge about nutrition for primary school students was the family and for high school students the mass media.

20

The Autonomy of the Family as an Obstacle in Preventing and Identifying Assault of Children

80%

Nordlöf K.

Horyzonty Wychowania

|

2017

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tom 16

|

nr 37

45-58

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the protection of the child has been considered sufficiently compared with the interests of the autonomy of the family within Swedish legislation. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The autonomy of the family is well protected by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Article 8, where the right to family life is stipulated. But the article also authorises the right of a public authority to interfere in family life in accordance with the law for the prevention of crime. One reason for such interference could be the suspicion of domestic violence, which for centuries was considered to be a private concern. Article 3 of the Convention also forbids exposing a person to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The rights of the family are also expressed in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 16), but more specifically in its view of the child. In the case of domestic violence, the Convention in Article 19 clarifies the responsibility of signatory states to protect the child from all kinds of assault by measures such as prevention and identification. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Due to the fact that domestic violence exists to such an extent that it severely affects society in different ways, Swedish legislation has been modified on several occasions. RESEARCH RESULTS: Even if the aim of those changes has been to uphold the autonomy of the family while preventing and identifying assaults within the family – particularly where children are involved – the question remains whether the protection of the child has been considered sufficiently compared with the interests of the autonomy of the family. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In order to guarantee children a childhood and adolescence consisting of care, security and a good upbringing, further improvements – particularly within the Penal Code (1962:700) – are necessary to prevent and identify domestic violence against children.