Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Seismic modelling as a tool for optimization of downhole microseismic monitoring array

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Pasternacki A. , Święch E. , Maćkowski T.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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tom Vol. 42, no. 1

112--113

EN

Hydraulic fracturing processes employed to release natural gas accumulations trapped in shale formation causes cracks in fractured media occurred as microseismic events. Those events can be detected with either surface or downhole monitoring technique. One of the advantages of downhole microseismic monitoring technique is the relative high detection moment magnitude threshold, compared to surface and quasi surface arrays (Maxwell 2014). The epicenters of detected microseismic events are located with certain accuracies (Eisner et al. 2010). The uncertainties in location are mainly caused by simplification of a very complex geological structure, geometry of the monitoring network, arrival time pick uncertainty and naturally selected processing method. The correct assessment of macroseismic events locations with their uncertainties is the key to proper interpretation of the results. In this study, authors present an analysis of optimizing geometry of the downhole microseismic monitoring array minimalizing location error and taking into account level of detectability. To achieve this goal, several different downhole array geometries were tested. The study is located in Northern Poland where active exploration of shale gas deposits takes place. In the investigated area three wells are located, one vertical (W-1) and two horizontal, which have been drilled in the same azimuths but different direction and slightly different depths (W3H – deeper and W2Hbis – shallower). As there is possibility that these wells will be stimulated in close period of time, the chosen array placed in the monitoring well should be optimal for depths. As Eisner stated in his work, best downhole array should have to consist of 3C sensors placed below and above of the planed depths of stimulation to reduce uncertainty of the event locations (Eisner et al. 2009). Both treatment wells have relatively high horizontal distance, which results with high distance between receivers and possible events (in ranges between 500 m to 1700 m), which is quite high compared to literature examples (Warpiński & Natl 1994). To perform this analysis, GeoTomo MiVu TM Microseismic Processing System was used, which includes a Vecon modeling engine. This software has been granted to AGH UST for research and educational purposes. The passive seismic modelling was done with GRTM method (generalized reflection transmission coefficients) (Kennet 1980). This kind of mixed procedure is relatively fast to perform and allows checking many different configurations of downhole array. Based on the 3D seismic survey provided by PGNiG in the investigated area authors have decided to use simple layered velocity model which sufficiently describes the local geological conditions. The synthetic microseismic events were located using TGS (Traveltime Grid Search) algorithm available in MiVu software. Based on presented analysis authors were able to choose optimal geometry of downhole micro seismic array for both prospective intervals which fulfill condition of being good compromise between costs and location accuracy of possible events.

2

Detektory do wykrywania skażeń chemicznych dla bezzałogowej platformy lądowej (strażak)

100%

Harmata W. , Maziejuk M. , Ceremuga M.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2014

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tom Nr 1

93--105

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest prezentacja budowy oraz wyników działania detektora do wykrywania skażeń chemicznych zainstalowanego na bezzałogowej platformie lądowej (BPL) „Strażak”, którą zaprezentowano w artykule przeglądowym BiTP Vol. 30, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 81-90. Wprowadzenie: Obecny stan zaawansowania techniki pożarniczej wymaga uwzględnienia w planach realizacji akcji ratowniczogaśniczych starannego rozpoznania zagrożeń, jakie mogą zaistnieć w trakcie wykonywania zadania. Oczywista jest konieczność rozpoznania wynikająca z charakteru gaszonego obiektu. Przygotowując środki do zdławienia pożaru, należy brać pod uwagę te niebezpieczne substancje chemiczne, jakie na danym obiekcie występują oraz ich charakter (bojowe środki trujące, toksyczne środki przemysłowe, materiały wybuchowe, gazy tworzące mieszanki łatwopalne lub samozapalne, źródła promieniotwórcze itp.). Do niedawna PSP nie dysponowała odpowiednim sprzętem, który umożliwiałby zdalną detekcję. Obecnie w dyspozycji CNBOP jest bezzałogowa platforma lądowa pn. „Strażak”, która została wyposażona w odpowiedni detektor monitorujący zagrożenie oraz generujący sygnał alarmowy w momencie wykrycia zagrożenia. Przyrząd taki jest elementem wspomagającym decyzje osób kierujących akcją ratowniczo-gaśniczą. Metodologia: Detekcja zagrożeń realizowana jest za pomocą wieloczujnikowego układu pomiarowego pn. „FireChem”. Układ pomiarowy został zainstalowany jako integralny element BPL „Strażak”. Służy on do detekcji emisji zanieczyszczeń niebezpiecznymi substancjami chemicznymi. Składa on się z trzech modułów: modułu z czujnikami elektrochemicznymi, spektrometru optycznego oraz spektrometru ruchliwości jonów (IMS). Dzięki tak unikalnej budowie układ ten jest w stanie wykrywać substancje chemiczne (toksyczne środki przemysłowe) z niekontrolowanych uwolnień oraz bojowe środki trujące, które mogą się pojawić w przypadku ataku terrorystycznego lub znaleziska. Istotną częścią układu detekcji jest spektrometr optyczny, który służy przede wszystkim do ostrzegania o wejściu w strefę zagrożoną wybuchem. Za jego pomocą można bardzo skutecznie wykrywać węglowodory alifatyczne (metan oraz mieszaninę propanu z butanem). W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat budowy i zasady działania detektora IMS oraz wyniki pomiarów wybranych substancji przez detektor „FireChem”. Wnioski: Podstawowe cele sformułowane w nazwie projektu badawczo-rozwojowego nr OR00004812 pt. „Technologia zmniejszania zagrożenia wywołanego niekontrolowanym uwalnianiem substancji niebezpiecznych” zostały zrealizowane poprzez budowę BPL „Strażak” oraz wyposażenie go w m.in. detektor „FireChem”. Pojazd oddany do użytku jest wszechstronnie testowany i poddany szeregom prób terenowych. Po okresie prób na terenie CNBOP przewidziane jest jego przekazanie do wytypowanej JRG i użycie w warunkach realnej akcji ratowniczo-gaśniczej. Projekt traktuje zbudowanie BPL „Strażak” jako demonstratora technologii. Oznacza to, że po okresie prób i testów sporządzone zostanie sprawozdanie przedstawiające wnioski na temat dalszych losów tej konstrukcji. Autorzy żywią nadzieję, że konstrukcja po uwzględnieniu tych wniosków będzie mogła zostać wdrożona do produkcji seryjnej i wejdzie na wyposażenie jednostek PSP.

EN

Objective: The aim of the article is to present the structure and performance of the detector for the chemical contamination detection, installed on the unmanned mobile platform “Strażak” (Fireman) presented in the review article BiTP Vol. 30 Issue 2, 2013, pp. 81-90. Introduction: The current advancement state of the firefighting techniques requires to take into account in rescue and firefighting action plans a thorough diagnosis of the risks that may appear during the execution of the task. The need to recognize the type of burning object is obvious. Preparing means to suppress the fire, one should take into account dangerous chemicals that are present on the site (chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial agents, explosives, gases forming a flammable mixture, radioactive sources, etc.). Until now, the PSP did not have appropriate equipment that would enable remote detection. Currently at the disposal of CNBOP is an unmanned platform “Strażak”, which was equipped with a detector for monitoring risk and generating an alarm signal when the threat is detected. Methodology: The detection of the threats was done by the multi-sensing measuring set: “FireChem”. This device was mounted as an integral part of “Strażak”. It is used to detect the emission of hazardous chemicals. It consists of three modules: electrochemical sensors, optical spectrometer and ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). With such a unique design this system is able to detect chemicals (toxic industrial compounds) with uncontrolled releases and chemical warfare that may arise in the event of a terrorist attack. An important part of the detection system is an optical spectrometer, which is primarily used to warn of entry into the hazardous zone. Using it, aliphatic hydrocarbons may be detected with high precision (methane, propane and butane mixture). This paper presents basic information about the construction and operation of the IMS detector and the results of measurements of selected substances by the detector “FireChem”. Conclusions: Main objectives in the R&D project no. OR00004812 “Technology for decreasing threat caused by uncontrolled releasing hazardous substances” were achieved by developing “Strażak” and equipping it with detector “FireChem”. The vehicle has been thoroughly tested and subjected to a series of field trials. After a period of testing CNBOP is anticipated to transfer to JRG and use under real emergency response. The project takes to build a BPL “Strażak” as a demonstrator of technology. This means that after a period of trial and testing, the report will be submitted with applications for the further aspects of the construction.

3

Detection of irradiated components in flavour blends composed of non-irradiated spices, herbs and vegetable seasonings by thermoluminescence method

100%

Malec-Czechowska K. , Stachowicz W.

Nukleonika

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2003

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tom Vol. 48, nr 3

127-132

EN

The results of experiments on the detection of irradiated component in commercial flavour blends composed of a mixture of non-irradiated spices, herbs and seasonings are presented. A method based on the thermoluminescence measurements on silicate minerals isolated from blends has been adapted. It has been proved that by applying this technique it is possible to detect 0.05% by weight of paprika, irradiated earlier with a dose of 7 kGy, which was a minor component of nonirradiated flavour blends.

4

Detection of porcine endogenous retrovirus in xenotransplantation

100%

Gola J. , Mazurek U.

Reproductive Biology

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2014

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tom 14

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nr 1

5

Detection of self navigational aids on radar image using ideas from immune systems

100%

Praczyk T.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2007

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tom Vol. 17, no. 3

241-259

EN

The problem of continuous position availability is one of the most important issues connected with human activity at sea. Because the availability of satellite navigational systems can be limited in some cases, for example during military operations, we should consider additional methods of acquiring information about ship's position. One of the solutions, which can serve to this purpose, is the method consisting in approximating a position based on a vector of bearings and distances to a set of previously selected navigational aids (superbuoys). Navigational radar is used to fix bearing and distance to every superbuoy, which constitutes an element of the positioning system. The problem is only to distinguish radar echoes of self superbuoys i.e. superbuoys that belong to the system from echoes of other objects. The method proposed in the article can be a solution of this problem. It is an adaptation of r-contiguous-bits scheme borrowed from immune systems. It compares coastlines visible on the radar image from every point suspected to be an echo of the element of the system and pattern coastlines generated from a chart and corresponding to actual components of the system.

6

Non-contact detection for quantity-insufficiency in tablet counting machine

100%

Liang Y. , Sun R.

Optica Applicata

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2009

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tom Vol. 39, nr 1

43--49

EN

A non-contact method based on light reflection was developed to detect quantity-insufficiency information of the tablet counting machine in medicine packaging industry. The incident light beam coming from a detection unit illuminates the detection area. A detector embedded in the detection unit collects the reflected light rays. If one tablet-missed event happens, the detector will output intensive pulse signal. By analyzing the gathered signal, the detection device can recognize that there is not a tablet in current pit. High signal-to-noise ratio was observed in the experiment, so the recognition is readily accomplished. The detection device has been applied in practical industry. It reduces the omission rate low to one hundred-thousandth, far less than three thousandth under best vision monitoring by human.

7

The detection of enteroviruses in sewage using Caco-2 cells

100%

Wieczorek M. , Kuryk L. , Witek A. , Diuwe A. , Litwinska B.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2013

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tom 62

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nr 1

EN

The work presented here demonstrates the utility of Caco-2 cells to detect enteroviruses in sewage. Viruses were concentrated by beef extract elution and organic flocculation prior to analysis by cell culture assays and RT-PCR. Enteroviruses were detected in all sewage samples, but only one sample was positive solely in RT-PCR assay. We proved that Caco-2 cells were more effective than RD and L20B cells in enterovirus isolation, depending on procedures used in the inoculation process.

8

Wymiarowanie zbiorników retencyjnych wód opadowych zgodnie z wymogami niemieckiej wytycznej DWA A-l 17

100%

Licznar P.

Instal

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2010

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tom nr 11

51-56

PL

Zastosowanie urządzeń do retencjonowania wód deszczowych na obszarach centrów miast i infrastruktury komunikacyjnej cieszy się rosnącym zainteresowaniem w Polsce. W wielu przypadkach bez czasowego przetrzymania spływów szczytowych jest niemożliwe spełnienie podstawowych wymogów komfortu kanalizacyjnego. Retencja, co zostalo udowodnione doświadczeniami firmy HOBAS może być w sposób efektywny i prosty zapewniona przez instalację prefabrykowanych zbiorników rurowych CC-GRP (ang. centrifugally cast glass fiber reinforced plastics - odlewane odśrodkowo tworzywa wzmacniane włóknem szklanym), produkowanych specjalnie z myślą o retencji podziemnej. Niemniej wcześniejsza wnikliwa ocena niezbędnej objętości retencji musi by zawsze podstawą do optymalnego wyboru konstrukcji zbiornika. Mając to na uwadze przedstawia się filozofię określania objętości retencji zgodnie z niemiecką wytyczną DWA A-117. W tym konkretnym artykule szczególną uwagę podciąga się uproszczonej metodzie wymiarowania zbiorników retencyjnych, przydatnej tylko dla małych i nieskomplikowanych sieci odwodnienia. Bardziej skomplikowana metodyka wykrywania objętości zbiorników retencyjnych, bazująca na symulacjach hydrodynamicznych systemów odwodnienia, będzie dyskutowana w osobnym artykule. Podkreśla się niepewność obliczeń objętości zbiorników retencyjnych wód deszczowych z wykorzystanienn metody uproszczonego wymiarowania. W wyniku przyjęcia wytycznej DWA A-117, końcowy efekt wymiarowania deszczowego zbiornika retencyjnego nie ogranicza się do pojedynczej objętości obiektu, ale jest rozszerzony do szeregu objętości, odpowiadających różnym poziomom niezawodności obiektu.

EN

Stormwater detention facilities use especially in the area of city centers and communication infrastructure objects is gaining a raising interest in Poland. In many cases without temporal storage of runoff peaks it is impossible to fulfill basic requirements of current sewerage comfort definition. Detention, as it was proved by numerous experiences of HOBAS company, can be effectively and easily supported by installation of pre-fabricated CC-GRP (centrifugally cast glass fiber reinforced plastics) tube chambers manufactured specifically for underground detention. However, prior careful examination of necessary volume of detention has to be the basis for optimal chamber construction choice. Having this in mind philosophy of detention volume estimation according to German DWA A-117 guideline is presented. In this particular article a special focus is given to the simplified method of detention ponds dimensioning suitable for only small and uncomplicated drainage networks. More advanced methodology of detention ponds volumes retrieval based on drainage systems hydrodynamic simulations would be discussed in separate article. Uncertainty of stormwater detention ponds volume calculations by means of the simplified dimensioning method is stressed. As a result of the DWA A- 1 17 guideline introduction, the final outcome of stormwater detention pond dimensioning is not limited to the single structure volume but is enhanced to the series of volumes corresponding to different levels of structure reliability.

9

Detekcja w każdych warunkach. detektory wycieku firmy AED (Afriso-Euro-Dynamika)

100%

Grabowski J.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2004

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tom R. 50, nr 3

14-15

10

Effect of the near surface layer for the microseismic monitoring – 2D modelling

100%

Pasternacki A. , Wandycz P. , Maćkowski T.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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tom Vol. 42, no. 1

111

EN

Microseismic monitoring is usually used to map hydraulic fracture or stress changes in the reservoir, which is stimulated (Maxwell et al. 2010, Duncan & Eisner 2010). Examining the wave traveling through the reservoir can provide many important information on medium properties (Grechka et al. 2011) and can be used either to assess the stimulated reservoir or improve microseismic imagining. Microseismic monitoring network can be deployed either on surface or in borehole. Noise level observed on the surface network is usually 10 times higher than one observed in the receivers placed in borehole but still the detection the microseismic events by the surface array is possible (Eisner et al. 2010). In this study, we present the results of the synthetic modeling to show qualitatively and quantitatively the influence of the near-surface layer and the effect of the attenuation in this layer for the assessment of the strength of the signal recorded by receivers placed on the surface or just below it. For the purpose of this research, authors performed 2D seismic modeling using Tesseral software. We performed several different models, each of them in two variants. First variant included the impact of the impedance contrast of the near surface layer; in the second variant we suppressed that effect. Layer composition in models differed both in number and their properties (velocity and quality factor). In each model, we used one type of source located in 3 different places. Monitoring array was vertical and constrained with 100 geophones. First receiver was placed on the surface, and the spacing between phones was 1m. Data obtained with this procedure were then analyzed using Matlab software. For each model, we compered the relative amplitudes of the different events in both variants, and then assessed the impact of the impedance contrast in the near surface layer. Performed modeling proved that the influence of the near surface layer is significant. We observe that the amplitude ratio between the first receivers in two variants of each model ranges from 1.5 to almost 2, regardless of the depth of the source. Signal enhancement is the function of the impedance contrast, and does not depend on the attenuation in the near surface layer. However, attenuation does not influence the enhancement of the signal, very low quality factor in the shallow layers highly influences the strength of the arriving waves.

11

Project of laboratory test equipment for electric arc detection research

100%

Dołęgowski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

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2017

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tom z. 75

15--16

EN

This paper presents the project of test equipment needed for the research in the field of electric arc detection mechanisms. The test set consists of regulated power supply to provide the needed voltage, the disconnector for the arc ignition and the artificial load for the power dissipation.

12

Building an accurate 3D model of a circular feature for robot vision

100%

Li L.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2012

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tom Vol. 20, No. 2

120-125

EN

In this paper, an accurate 3D model analysis of a circular feature is built with error compensation for robot vision. We propose an efficient method of fitting ellipses to data points by minimizing the algebraic distance subject to the constraint that a conic should be an ellipse and solving the ellipse parameters through a direct ellipse fitting method by analysing the 3D geometrical representation in a perspective projection scheme, the 3D position of a circular feature with known radius can be obtained. A set of identical circles, machined on a calibration board whose centres were known, was calibrated with a camera and did the model analysis that our method developed. Experimental results show that our method is more accurate than other methods.

13

Use of PDS100 analyzer for detection of partial discharges

100%

Urbaniec I.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

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2014

|

tom z. 70

97-100

EN

The article presents results of partial discharge (PD) measurements conducted in lab conditions, with the use of the HV testing apparatus, where PDS100 analyzer was used for detection.

14

Fast Object Detection Using Steiner Tree

100%

Xiaoyin D.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2010

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tom Vol. 19, No. 2

127-142

EN

We propose an approach to speed-up object detection, with an emphasis on settings where multiple object classes are detected. Our method uses a segmentation algorithm to select a small number of image regions on which to run a classifier. Compared to the classical sliding window approach, a significantly smaller number of rectangles is examined, which yields significantly faster object detection. Further, in the multiple object class setting, we show that the computational cost of segmentations can be amortized across objects classes, resulting in an additional speedup. At the heart of our approach is reduction to a directed Steiner tree optimization problem, which we solve approximately in order to select the segmentation algorithm parameters. The solution gives a small set of segmentation strategies that can be shared across object classes. Compared to the sliding window approach, our method results in two orders of magnitude fewer regions considered, and significant (10-15x) computational time speedups on challenging object detection datasets (LabelMe and StreetScenes) while maintaining comparable detection accuracy.

15

Optimizing of target detection and tracking processes realized on consoles of passive sonar with linear towed antenna

100%

Raganowicz A. , Sadowski K. , Dolot M. , Kilian L.

Hydroacoustics

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2016

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tom Vol. 19

329--334

EN

The long-range passive towed sonar was first modernised a few years ago. Building on operator experience over that period, a concept was developed of optimising the tasks performed by sonar operators, and improving forms of imaging to inform about object detection and support object tracking. The concept was implemented and successfully tested during ships’ manoeuvres. The optimisation of operator tasks was designed to keep listening for signals from an object separate from object tracking. Operator tasks have been made easier by rearranging the imaging, improving interaction between monitors, extending the navigation imagery module, adding new tools for building an acoustic database of potential targets; and improving the recording, browsing and playback of key recorded data. The article gives a more detailed account of the project and its results.

16

Detection of recrystallization in steels by mechanical methods.

100%

Karjalainen L. P. , Perttula J. S.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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1998

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tom R. XIX, nr 3

255-259

EN

Mechanical methods, the double-deformation and stress relaxation tests, used for determining the recrystallization kinetics in hot deformed austenite in various steels are described and discussed. The reliability of the stress relaxation method is confirmed by comparison tests and applications to reveal the characteristics of static and post-dynamic recrystallization are demonstrated. The effect of temperature change in the course of deformation on the recrystallization rate is also investigated. It is found that this is of a smaller significance than the actual interpass temperature.

17

Miniaturowe fotokomórki SA1E firmy IDEC

100%

Zajdel K.

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2008

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tom R. 10, nr 3

140-141

PL

Niezawodna detekcja obiektów jest ważnym zagadnieniem automatyzacji wielu gałęzi przemysłu. W branżach produkcyjnych kwestia ta jest szczególnie ważna; precyzyjna i powtarzalna detekcja obiektów ogranicza ilość braków produkcyjnych i zatrzymań linii technologicznej, które zawsze wiążą się z poważnymi stratami. Czujniki optyczne wykorzystują do detekcji obecności przedmiotu wiązkę światła. Czujnik, zwany też potocznie fotokomórką, musi składać się z nadajnika światła i odbiornika, czyli detektora. W zależności od konstrukcji czujnika i wzajemnej konfiguracji nadajnika i detektora fotokomórki pozwalają na detekcję różnych obiektów.

18

On the ambiguity function for accelerating target in FMCW radar

100%

Rytel-Andrianik R.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2007

|

tom nr 1

40-44

EN

In the paper, we are concerned with FMCWradar detection of an accelerating target, echo of which is buried in an additive white Gaussian noise. We derive and analyze three-dimensional generalized ambiguity function for target range, velocity and acceleration. We interpret known properties of this function and obtain new ones, which allows us to specify resolutions and regions of unambiguity for range, velocity and acceleration. The obtained resolutions we express in terms of corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds.

19

Detection and recognition of natural sounds

100%

Abouchacra K. , Łętowski T. , Gothie J.

Archives of Acoustics

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2007

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tom Vol. 32, No. 3

603--616

EN

Human-machine interfaces and environment simulators increasingly depend on audio interfaces. Acoustic signals are used to provide warnings, feedback, information about the state of a system, and to enhance the immersive character of virtual reality environments. In order to decrease the mental workload of the listener, increase the speed of interaction, and minimize the chances for operational error, the audio signals (auditory icons) should have a natural character and clearly differ in their spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics. Therefore, the design and selection of audio signals for specific applications should be based on the detectability and recognizability of the signals in the intended environments and on the meaningful connotations of the individual sounds. The present study was conducted to assess the detection and recognition thresholds of 30 pre-selected sounds and to determine the specific acoustic properties that make complex natural sounds effective auditory icons. The results of the study revealed a strong dependence of both types of threshold on the type of sound and a relative independence of both thresholds. The sound level difference between the detection and recognition thresholds varied from 1 to 13 dB and should be considered as an important criterion in auditory icon selection.

20

The Mobile Autonomous Tracker and Analyser “KANIA”

100%

Kosiński J. , Jewartowski B. , Szmigielski R. , Duszyńska A.

Internal Security

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2017

|

tom 9(1)

189-197

EN

The paper presents a research project aimed at developing, constructing and testing a mobile, autonomous analytical system enabling the detection of synthetic drug laboratories and cannabis cultivation sites. It describes its importance in addressing the identified gaps in combating drug-related organised crime by providing an innovative system for the detection, chemical analysis and identification of the exact location of illicit synthetic drug laboratories and narcotic cannabis production sites.