Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Karaimi. Pytanie o tożsamość

100%

Luczys P. , Rataj K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2013

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nr 3(348)

93-116

EN

The article aims to reconstruct the history of Karaites in the perspective of dualisms of identity (poligenealogies, bilingualism, etc.) among this ethnic and religious group, which according to the authors is an illustration of “postmodern identity re-transformations”. Emphasizing the social and religious aspects of Karaism the authors portray “the minor minority” of the Republic of Poland as an exemplification of postmodern statements on “troubles with cultivating identity” in which the cardinal constructional rule remains “doubting” in Anthony Giddens’ terms. Scrutinizing the first references and records on Karaites as well as their wandering history throughout the whole Europe up to the contemporary times, the authors propose a thesis on the immanent features of deterritorialization and identity eclecticism ascribed to Karaism from the dawn of its history. Thus the title “question about identity” of Karaites remains a dual one: directed towards the past (“who were we?” and “where do we come from?”) as well as to the future (“who are we going to be?”, “where are we heading?”).

2

John the Water-Bearer (Ивань Водоносьць). Once Again on Dualism in the Bosnian Church

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Minczew G.

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tom 10

415-424

EN

The article examines the debate as to the direct influence of Bulgarian and Byzantine Bogomilism upon the doctrine of the Bosnian Church. The author traces some scholarly views pro et contra the presence, in the Bosnian-Slavic sources, of traces of neo-Manichean views on the Church, the Patristic tradition, and the sacraments. In analyzing two marginal glosses in the so-called Srećković Gospel in the context of some anti-Bogomil Slavic and Byzantine texts, the article attempts to establish the importance of Bulgarian and Byzantine Bogomilism for the formation of certain dogmatic and ecclesiological views in the doctrine of the Bosnian Church: the negative attitude towards the orthodox Churches, especially the Roman Catholic Church; the rejection of the sacrament of baptism and of St. John the Baptist; the rejection of the sacrament of confession, and hence, of the Eucharist. These doctrinal particularities of the Bosnian Church warrant the assertion that its teachings and liturgical practice differed significantly from the dogmatics and practice of the orthodox Churches. Without being a copy of the Bogomil communities, the Bosnian Church was certainly heretical, and neo-Manichean influences from the Eastern Balkans were an integral element of the Bosnian Christians’ faith.

3

The Revival of Substance Dualism

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Robinson H.

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tom 69

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nr 1

33-43

PL

I argue in this essay that Richard Swinburne’s revised version of Descartes’ argument in chapter 5 of his Are We Bodies or Souls? does not quite get him to the conclusion that he requires, but that a modified version of his treatment of personal identity will do the trick. I will also look critically at his argument against epiphenomenalism, where, once again, I share his conclusion but have reservations about the argument.

4

Are We Embodied Souls?

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Taliaferro C.

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tom 69

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nr 1

83-87

PL

It is argued that Swinburne should stress the functional unity of soul and body under most healthy conditions. Too often, critics of substance dualism charge dualists with promoting a problematic bifurcation between soul and body. Swinburne’s work is defended against objections from Thomas Nagel. It is argued that Swinburne’s appeal to the first-person point of view is sound.

5

No Work for a Theory of Personal Identity

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Schwenkler J.

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tom 69

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nr 1

57-65

PL

A main element in Richard Swinburne’s (2019) argument for substance dualism concerns the conditions of a person’s continued existence over time. In this commentary I aim to question two things: first, whether the kind of imaginary cases that Swinburne relies on to make his case should be accorded the kind of weight he supposes; and second, whether philosophers should be concerned to give any substantial theory, of the sort that dualism and its competitors are apparently meant to provide, to explain the conditions of personal identity after all. My suggestion, instead, will be that the concept of a person’s continued existence is better taken as philosophically unanalyzable.

6

The Historically Changing Role of Port Rijeka in the Hungarian Context (1719–1941), with a Special View on Trieste

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Bali L.

Central European Papers

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2013

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tom 1

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nr 2

23-28

EN

From 1779 until the period between the two World Wars Rijeka had a long way of history. Several times prevented by Austrian imperial interests against Trieste but with strong support from Hungary a major port even with European scale could have been constructed by the end of the 19th century that successfully served the Hungarian imperial interests, and became a Hungarian sea exit. The peculiar public law relations did not constitute an obstacle to economic development. However, the great power rivalries sealed the fate of Rijeka. It became loser of the period between the two World Wars. The city’s fate was resolved after the Second World War, when it returned to the South Slav state.

7

Mít tělo a být tělem : Analýza těla v Merleau-Pontyho „Fenomenologii vnímání“

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Čapek J.

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nr 7, Special No: Fenomenologie tělesnosti

99-114

EN

The present paper analyses the conception of the body, presented by Merleau-Ponty in Phenomenology of Perception, from the perspective of the following question: does the analysis of the body as a body proper imply a certain form of dualism? Merleau-Ponty’s approach does not allow the formulation of the problem of dualism as a problem of relation between two substances (non-extensive one and extensive one). Experience of one’s own body, however, does imply a duality of pre-personal capabilities of the body and personal performances in which the individual in question uses “its own” body. The author proposes the distinction between the identifying and the possessive way of speaking about the body proper and attempts to apply this distinction on the duality in perceiving one’s body, as described by Merleau-Ponty. Therefore, the investigation of one’s own body does imply certain form of dualism.

8

The Relationships and Connections Between International and National Law

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Skubiszewski K.

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2021

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tom 12

89-110

EN

The paper is an English translation of Wzajemny stosunek i związki pomiędzy prawem międzynarodowym i prawem krajowym by Krzysztof Skubiszewski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1986. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Department of Public International Law” devoted to the achievements of the representatives of the Poznań studies on international law.

9

Swinburne’s Are We Bodies or Souls?

88%

Hasker W.

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tom 69

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nr 1

67-82

PL

Richard Swinburne’s Are We Bodies or Souls? presents a sustained case for a view concerning the nature of persons that can be classified as a form of either Cartesian dualism or emergent dualism. This paper comments on two important arguments developed in the book and concludes by considering the problem of the origin of souls.

10

Wokół źródeł słowiańskich narracji dualistycznych

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Kuczyńska M.

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tom 17

EN

On the Slavic sources of the dualist narrationsA review of the new anthology Średniowieczne herezje dualistyczne na Bałkanach. Źródła słowiańskie. (2015). (Minczew, G., Skowronek, M. & Wolski, J. M. Ed.). Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. The volume, whose title translates Medieval dualist heresies in the Balkans. The Slavic sources, includes the most important source literature for studying dualist heresies. The carefully selected texts provide recipients with the most fundamental and most interesting fragments of the works from which they come, while the extensive and abundant commentaries explain even the most complicated problems concerning the history of dualism and dualist doctrines. Wokół źródeł słowiańskich narracji dualistycznychRecenzja nowej antologii Średniowieczne herezje dualistyczne na Bałkanach. Źródła słowiańskie, opracowanie, przekład i komentarz Georgi Minczew, Małgorzata Skowronek, Jan M. Wolski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2015, ss. 267. W zbiorze zamieszczono wybór najważniejszej literatury źródłowej z zakresu herezji dualistycznych. Starannie dobrane teksty prezentują najważniejsze i najbardziej interesujące fragmenty dzieł na omawiany temat. Rozbudowane komentarze objaśniają fundamentalne i najbardziej skomplikowane problemy dotyczące historii dualizmu i jego doktryny.

11

Does Physics Forbid Libertarian Freedom?

88%

Koperski J.

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nr 1

EN

Three well-known physicists have recently argued that libertarian freedom is impossible. In their view, free will is incompatible with what we know about science at the most fundamental level. Here I show that their arguments presuppose a naïve version of reductionism and consider two alternatives, one appealing to mind–body dualism and the other to emergentism. The former says that free will is a capacity of one’s mind, an immaterial entity not subject to the laws of nature. The latter says that free will is an emergent capacity that cannot be reduced to the properties of an agent’s constitutive atoms. These alternatives, however, face the same problem: They seem to violate a fundamental law, namely the conservation of energy. I show how the libertarian can respond to this objection.

12

Sociologies of Everyday Life: From Alienation to the Production of Meaning

88%

Terenzi P.

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nr 1(12) The Relational Turn in Sociology: Implications for the Study of Society, Culture, and Persons

243-259

EN

This paper analyses the concept of everyday life as formulated in relational sociology. It shows that Pierpaolo Donati’s historical analysis of the dualist nature of everyday life is similar to that of Alvin Gouldner but that the two authors’ approaches differ in terms of the possibility of overcoming this dualism. From the perspective of relational sociology, sociological interpretations of everyday life can be traced to two paradigms. The first is the Marxist paradigm, in which everyday life is primarily characterized by forms of alienation. The second is the phenomenological paradigm, in which everyday life primarily consists of producing meaning. The first paradigm examines stories and cultures of subordinate social groups, and denounces domination and alienation in everyday life. The second paradigm examines the common-sense world, and how it is taken for granted, structured, and inter-subjective. Relational sociology seeks to overcome these two paradigms by highlighting their aporias, and considers alienation to be the outcome of a deep division between the ultimate meaning of life and the culture of everyday life. While in order to overcome this dualism, Gouldner offers an immanent reading of everyday life, relational sociology tries to show how in everyday life the relationship between social practices and culture may give rise to a new form of secularism that is accepting of non-fundamentalist aspects of religious belief.

13

Theological Axiology of Reality

88%

Hanes P.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2022

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tom 12

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nr 2

19-36

EN

In the present discussion of the multiplicity of sciences as against the unity of knowledge, sometimes the possibility of one super-science is advocated with a suggestion that all other scientific methods should be reduced to just one method of a one particular, usually natural science. Such reductionism often leads to disrespectful pronouncements at the address of all other sciences and their methods.This article advocates theological foundations for a multiplicity of scientific methods. Biblical ontology introduces a series of dualities called here, for the lack of a better word, “biblical graded dualism.” It is a system of asymmetrical dualities that give substance to the idea of the hierarchy of being. In the article an axiological view of reality is deduced that should facilitate a more respectful and fruitful debate among the sciences.

14

Gogacz – Judycki. Two concepts of the individuality of a human person

75%

Listkowska B.

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tom 51

EN

The aim of the article is presentation of two concepts of human individuality which have arisen in modern Polish philosophy of Mieczysław Gogacz and Stanisław Judycki. It is an attempt to look at the problem from two different philosophical perspectives: Thomistic metaphysics and phenomenological epistemology. Metaphysical approach is searching for an answer to the question about human individuality in their ontic structure, whereas phenomenological approach focuses on the analysis of a direct experience. As reason of individuality, Gogacz indicates potential intellect (passive) subjected in a substantial form (soul). Judycki maintains that this reason is the concept of God, according to whom He creates a soul of every human being as radically different from all other human souls, unique. Presented theories develop from a different way of understanding a human being. Gogacz’s theory has a substantial character, refers to the concept of a human of Aristotle, Boethius and St. Thomas Aquinas. Judycki’s concept is a relational approach, modified by elements of substantialist philosophy. He refers to relational approach of Plato, Saint Augustine and Descartes as well as substantialist theories of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas. Thomistic and phenomenological approaches to individuality introduce fundamentally different and essential substance to philosophy concerning human beings.

15

Swinburne’s Hyper-Cartesian Dualism

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Cottingham J.

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tom 69

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nr 1

23-31

PL

This paper maintains that Swinburne’s argument that the body is not essential to who I am is vulnerable to a similar objection to that put forward by Arnauld against Descartes: how do I know that my self-identification furnishes a complete and adequate account of the essential “me,” sufficient to show I could really continue to exist even were the body to be destroyed? The paper goes on to criticize Swinburne’s “hyper-Cartesian” position, that we are simply “souls who control bodies,” and thus only contingently human. This denial of our essential humanity compares unfavorably with Descartes’s own more intuitively attractive view that the human being is a genuine entity in its own right.

16

„…BĘDĄC W ŚRODKU JESTEM OBOK”. WSTĘP DO PROBLEMATYKI STAROŚCI W POEZJI LUDMIŁY MARJAŃSKIEJ

75%

Pawlik-Kopek A.

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nr 2(20): Literatura i Język

121-129

EN

The sketch aims to outline the issues of old age in the poetry of Ludmiła Marjańska. The author of the article focuses on those poems which deal mainly with the disintegration of the physical and inner dimension of the Old Woman, and show the problem of her role and place in society. The indepth existential reflection in the poet’s work not only points to the issue of the self-identification of the subject, but also refers to questions concerning the evanescence connected to the tragedy of the human condition.

17

Rakúsko-uhorské vyrovnanie a jeho ústavné zakotvenie v zákonnom článku XII/1867

75%

Laclavíková M. , Švecová A.

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nr 12

1153-1171

EN

The study presents the primary view on the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, i.e. the constitutional, social and political background of the Compromise, within the Hungarian part of the dual monarchy. It highlights the essential constitutional bases which played an important role in the development of state and law during the dual monarchy and after its dissolution for the successor states. The attention is drawn mainly to the constitutional basis-the Law no. XII/1867, and its significance for the birth of Hungarian constitutionalism. The Law no. XII/1867 can be seen as a parallel to the December Constitution and both can be seen as fundaments of Czech and Slovak constitutional history, as well as fundaments of constitutional history of some other nations of the dual-monarchy.

SK

Štúdia predstaví primárnu rovinu pohľadu na vyrovnanie – charakteristiku ústavného a spoločensko- politického základu v historickoprávnom a teritoriálnom rámci uhorskej časti dualistickej monarchie. Akcentuje základné ústavnoprávne východiská, ktoré zohrali v nasledujúcom štátnom a právnomvývoji za dualizmu (aj pre vývoj nástupníckych štátov bývalého Uhorska) mimoriadne dôležitú úlohu. Štúdia približuje predovšetkým ústavný základ vyrovnania v podobe zákonného čl. XII/1867 a jeho význam v ústavnej praxi počiatkov uhorského konštitucionalizmu. Zákonný čl. XII/1867 možno chápať v pozícii pendanta k predlitavskej Decembrovej ústave, pričom oba dokumenty založili podstatné kontúry českej a slovenskej (ale aj iných národov rakúsko-uhorskej monarchie) spoločnej ústavnoprávnej dualistickej minulosti.

18

Dusza-umysł-ciało. Rozważania nad triadyczną antropologią

71%

Smurzyńska A.

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tom 2

EN

This article considers triadic view of human, based on Hebraic anthropology. At the begging, there are presented monistic and dualistic anthropologies – ancient, medieval and contemporary. Then, they are contrasted with triadic anthropology, which suits better to achievements of contemporary psychology. At the end, the author puts forward an opinion about practical implications of triadic anthropology.

19

AI Can Never Think: The Uniqueness of Human Thought

63%

Nehez J.

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tom 9

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nr 3

467-492

EN

As the saying goes, imitation is the most sincere form of flattery, yet very few assume imitation to be equivalence. An original masterpiece may be worth millions while a copy, no matter how exact the resemblance, would yield just a fraction of the price. I propose that there is more to thought than a machine will ever be capable of. The imitation game, while reproducing an imitation that is something like human thinking and interaction, will never achieve that same unique mode of thinking we experience as human species. This presentation aims to outline some of the hidden assumptions in the Turing Test for the computational theory of mind, explain some of the most popular arguments against the computational model of thought today, provide some original thought experiments, and finally discuss briefly the unique aspects of human thought that may never be able to be replicated in a machine.

20

Holistic physiotherapy or psycho-physio-therapy Part 1: Human being in existential philosophy or from monism via dualism to pluralism

63%

Mazurek J.

Physiotherapy

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2009

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tom 17

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nr 2

74-79

PL

W podstawowych dziedzinach fizjoterapii powstaje coraz więcej specjalizacji. Takie "rozczłonkowanie" fizjoterapii grozi "rozbiciem" bytowej jedności człowieka. Naprzeciw temu zjawisku wychodzi fizjoterapia holistyczna. W części pierwszej przybliżone zostaną trzy nośne w filozofii koncepcje bytu, a także konsekwencje, jakie pociągają za sobą określone teorie.

EN

The main fields of physiotherapy are being divided into a rising number of specialties that gradually become narrower and narrower. Such disintegration of physiotherapy creates a major threat to the existential unity of the human being. Holistic physiotherapy aims to revert this alarming trend. Part 1 gives the reader a closer look on three major philosophical concepts of existence and presents consequences arising from those concepts.