Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Sacharoza jako surowiec przemysłowy

100%

Moravcova J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2003

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tom [Z] 57, 7-8

649--669

EN

Sucrose, as a leading world commodity for centuries, has become subject of intensive investigations initiated mainly by the fact that the global production exceeds 115 million tons per year. The attractiveness of sucrose as an organic raw material arises from its low molecular weight, optical purity, crystalline state, and the price that is in the range of the standard organic solvents. However, there are also several reasons for a low utilization of sucrose in chemical industry. Sugars are polyfunctionalized molecules with hydroxyl groups of similar reactivities, are too polar to be soluble in organic solvents except pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, or dimethylformamide, they have more chiral centers than required for non-sugar target structures, and the glycosidic linkage in disaccharides is acid sensitive. Efforts to extend applications of sucrose can be identified in the term of its degradation to compounds with a lesser number of carbon atoms, the modification on all hydroxyl groups, the development of macromolecules, a partial transformation of sucrose, and the enzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis. Currently, the industrial utilization of sucrose covers about 5% of the global production and several following examples can illustrate the most important achievements in this field. The hydrolysis of sucrose is a well-established historical process giving invert sugar that serves as bulk chemical for D-mannitol production and can be also a source of both D-glucose and D-fructose. A fully esterified but mixed sucrose acetate butyrate has used in plastics, lacquers and inks. Monoesters of sucrose with long chain fatty acids have been manufactured as non-ionic surfactants for many years. Furthermore, sucrose monoester (SemperfreshŽ) is applied to the fruits as a semi-permeable membrane while polyesters containing 6-8 ester per molecule (OlestraŽ) are low calorie fats. Aluminium salt of sucrose octasulphate (SucralphateŽ) is produced for the treatment of gastric ulcers. An intensive sweetener, 4,1',6'-trichloro-4,1',6-trideoxygalactosucrose (sucralose), is produced by a selective chemical transformation of sucrose. Isomaltulose (PalatinoseŽ)is a product of enzymatic conversion of sucrose and it can be used as chemical feedstock for speciality products. Subsequent hydrogenation of isomaltulose gives isomalt (PalatinitŽ). Finally, fructo-oligosacharides (ActilightŽ) are manufactured by enzymic action of fructosyltranserase on sucrose. Both last products possess very similar properties; both are low caloric and promote a growth of bifidobacteria.

2

The Solvation of Carbohydrates in Dimethylsusfoxide and Water

100%

Berger S. , Diaz M. , Hawat C.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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1999

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tom vol. 73 nr 1

193-197

EN

The solvation of sucrose and other carbohydrates in DMSO and water is probed by intermolecular NOE measurements. The NOE effects are interpreted in terms of specific binding of the solvent to certain sites of the molecules. It is shown that DMSO attaches to specific sites of the sucrose molecule, whereas for water such a clear differentiation cannot be proven.

3

Synthesis of sucrose derivatives modified at the terminal carbon atoms

100%

Jarosz S. , Mach M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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1999

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tom vol. 73 nr 6

981-988

EN

The methodology for the preparation of various derivatives of sucrose modified at C1', C6, and C6'-positions is presented. 6-Amino-, 6'-amino, and 6,6'-diamino-penta-O-benzylsucroses (16,17 and 18 respectively), as well as appropriate uronic acids (characterized as methyl esters: 19-22), have been obtained from 2,3,4,3',4',-penta-O-benzylsucrose (1). The usefulness of this approach was exemplified by the preparation of 1'-O-benzyloxymethyl-6-deoxy-6-C-(2-furyl)-2,3,4,3',4'-penta-O-benzylsucrose (26).

4

A kinetic study on drinking water denitrification using a membrane bioreactor

88%

Petrovič A. , Goršek A. , Simonič M.

Open Chemistry

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2015

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

This study determines the basic parameters of Monod kinetics for microbial growth within a membrane bioreactor using the Zenon ZeeWeed 10 MBR system. The influent nitrate concentration was kept at 70 ± 2 mg L-1 NO3ˉ. During the experiments a constant concentration of activated sludge was maintained at approximately 0.76 g L-1 under anoxic conditions. Sucrose was added to the activated sludge as a carbon source. The Monod kinetic parameters were calculated by numerical interpolation, by considering experimental data. The maximum specific growth rate of the biomass was determined to be 0.31 h-1, half-saturation constant 5.4 mg L-1, and yield coefficient 0.35 mg biomass mg-1 COD. Afterwards, a dynamic simulation was performed within the calculated parameters. The dynamic concentration profiles for substrate and biomass were determined at different dilution rates within the range of 0.8 to 5 d-1.

5

Effects of organic compounds on the macroalgae culture ofAegagropila linnaei

88%

Messyasz B. , Leska B. , Fabrowska J. , Pikosz M. , Cieslak A. , Schroeder G.

Open Chemistry

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2015

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

The effects of the impact of four organic compounds (ascorbic acid, biotin, glucose and sucrose) on ash, protein, fiber, fat and amino acid contents in the freshwater Aegagropila linnaei biomass were examined in 7 and 14 days of cultivations in high concentrations of tested compounds (100 mg L-1). The presence of examined organic compounds had a negligible effect on the development of algae and their biomass composition. There were no significant differences in the amino acids composition in the biomass in the presence of organic compounds compared to the test system. However, the increase in ash content was observed irrespective of the cultivation time in the case of all used organic compounds. Only slight differences in crude fat concentration were observed in the case of 7 days cultivation with ascorbic acid, biotin and sucrose, while the highest increase of ash content was observed after 14 days of supplementation with glucose. None of the compounds affected changes in amino acid content in the Aegagropila linnaei biomass. The results suggest that an environment enriched with the test organic compounds had only minimal, or at most short-term, effects on the algal biomass composition.

6

Chemical composition of edible potato tubers in retail outlets in east-central Poland

88%

Zarzecka K. , Gugała M. , Mystkowska I. , Zarzecka M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 1

57--61

EN

The work was an attempt to determine and describe certain quality characteristics of edible potato on sale in Siedlce and Międzyrzec Podlaski. Potato tubers for examination were purchased in 3 kinds of retail outlets (ten shops of each kind) in east-central Poland. A total of 90 samples were collected to determine tuber size, protein and vitamin C content, reducing sugars and sucrose content. Potatoes purchased in all kinds of outlets met the standards set for tuber size. Potatoes bought in supermarkets had a better chemical composition than tubers purchased in groceries or fruit and vegetable shops. All the potato tubers were a good staple.

7

Badanie szybkości wzrostu kryształów sacharozy w wygrzewanych roztworach czystych

88%

Grabka J. , Wawro P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Chemia Spożywcza i Biotechnologia / Politechnika Łódzka

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1998

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tom Z. 58

177-187

PL

Badano szybkość krystalizacji sacharozy w temperaturze 50°C z roztworów czystych o przesyceniu 1,1. Roztwory te poddawano przed krystalizacją wygrzewaniu w temperaturze 90°C. Wygrzewania prowadzono w zakresie od 0 do 90 min. Maksimum szybkość i krystalizacji wystąpiło przy 20-minutowym czasie wygrzewania. Może to świadczyć o występowaniu optymalnej wielkości pakietów wbudowujących się w siatkę krystaliczną.

8

Phosphate deficiency effects on expression of selected genes involved in sucrose starch metabolism

88%

Ciereszko I. , Kleczkowski L.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement

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2003

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tom 01

9

Ocena dynamiki zmian średniej zawartości cukru w ziarnie kukurydzy cukrowej wielozmienną metodą krzywych wzrostu

75%

Różańska-Boczula M. , Wesołowska-Janczarek M. , Szymanek M.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2011

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tom R. 15, nr 1

229-235

PL

W pracy oceniano dynamikę zmian średniej zawartości cukru w ziarnie kukurydzy cukrowej w zależności od terminu zbioru. Badania przeprowadzono dla trzech odmian kukurydzy cukrowej (Bonus, Boston, Jubilee). Dynamikę zmian średniej zawartości cukru analizowano na podstawie oszacowanych funkcji regresji. Z uwagi na to, że pomiary uzyskane dla poszczególnych terminów zbioru kukurydzy nie spełniały założeń wymaganych w zwykłej regresji, do wyznaczenia i porównania zależności regresyjnych wykorzystano wielozmienną metodę krzywych wzrostu wskazując odmianę najbardziej pożądaną z punktu widzenia konsumenta.

EN

The paper contains the evaluation of the dynamics of changes in average sugar content in grain corn, depending on harvest date. The research was carried out for three cultivars of grain corn (Bonus, Boston, Jubilee). The dynamics of changes in average sugar content in grain corn has been analysed on the basis of estimated regression functions. Due to the fact that the measurements obtained for each harvest date did not meet the assumptions required for ordinary regression, the multivariate growth curves method was used to determine and compare regression dependences, showing the most desirable corn variety from consumer's point of view.

10

The effect and implication of human disturbances on altitudinal variation of non-structural carbohydrates in Kobresia pygmaea

75%

Zhao Z. , Zhang Y. , Chen T. , Cui X. , Wu Q. , An L.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2014

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tom 36

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nr 09

EN

Non-structural carbohydrates in plant organs can mirror the plant overall carbon supply status and balance and can also provide evidence for their health evaluation in the ecosystem. Non-structural carbohydrates in Kobresia pygmaea, one dominant herbaceous species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, were measured to investigate altitudinal variation in non-structural carbohydrate accumulations, as well as engineering disturbance on the stability of the alpine grassland ecosystem. An increasing trend with elevation in total soluble sugars, fructose, and sucrose was detected in the K. pygmaea growing in both undisturbed and disturbed sites. However, there were higher amounts and a more distinctly altitudinal trend of non-structural carbohydrates with a minor fluctuation in undisturbed sites compared to disturbed sites. In addition, the altitudinal trend of sucrose is similar to that in sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities, while it is opposite to that in neutral invertase and soluble acid invertase activities, suggesting that the sucrose accumulation was primarily related to its synthesis. These results revealed that human disturbance resulted in a reduced carbon supply and altered the balance of carbohydrate utilization in plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

11

Preparation of esters, ethers and acetals from unprotected sucrose

75%

Descotes G. , Gagnaire J. , Bouchu A. , Thevenet S. , Giry-Panaud N. , Salanski P. , Belniak S. , Wernicke A. , Porwanski S.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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1999

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tom vol. 73 nr 7

1069-1077

EN

The direct transformation of unprotected sucrose in the context of the preparation of derivatives of industrial interest is a challenging task. We show how the intrinsic properties of sucrose, i. e. its electronic conformational and structural characteristics, provide to the chemist some sources of reactivity and selectivity. We report our results in the synthesis of sucrose esters, carbonaters and ethers in aqueous medium, as well as some work on the reaction of sucrose in organic solutions to make acetals involving either the [)H-4; OH-6] or the [OH-2; OH-3] diol systems.

12

Effect of sucrose, L-ascorbic acid and pectin on the quality of frozen strawberries

75%

Kmiecik W. , Jaworska G. , Lisiewska Z.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Food Science and Technology

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2000

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tom 03

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nr 2

EN

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of sugar, pectin, and L-ascorbic acid added to strawberries on the selected physico-chemicaI and organoleptic traits of the frozen product. Powdered sugar at a dose of 10 g per 100 g of fruit or as the 60% syrup was used without any other substance or with an addition of pectin or ascorbic acid. The pectin preparation in a 1,5% solution at a dose of 10 g per 100 g of fruit was used with or without the ascorbic acid.

13

Hormonal effects on partitioning of 14C-sucrose in cotton fibres

75%

Basra A. S. , Sarlach R. S. , Nayyar H. , Malik C. P.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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1992

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tom 14

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nr 3

14

Extraction of sucrose and non-sugars under laboratory conditions

75%

Lisik K. , Szwajcowska K. , Zaorska H. , Wnuk B.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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1992

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tom 01

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nr 3

15

Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis induced on the immature zygotic embryos of sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] - the role of genotype

75%

Jach M. , Przywara L.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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1999

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tom 41

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nr 1

16

Glycemic load and carbohydrates content in the diets of cancer patients

63%

Czekajło A. , Rozanska D. , Mandecka A. , Konikowska K. , Madalinska M. , Szuba A. , Regulska-Ilow B.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2017

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tom 68

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nr 3

EN

Background: Glycemic load (GL) is used to evaluate how various food products affect blood sugar level. According to some studies, high dietary GL may increase the risk of cancer development and recurrence. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess dietary glycemic load and intake of carbohydrates derived from various food products by patients staying on an oncological ward. Material and methods: The study group included 100 cancer patients aged 19-83 years (59.6 ± 11.3 years). GL, energy and nutrient intake was estimated based on the data from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The correlations between dietary GL and consumption of 18 groups of products were assessed. Results: The average GL per 1000 kcal was 61.0 ± 8.6 g in the diets of men and 56.2 ± 9.5 g in the diets of women. High GL (>120 g) was observed in 76% of analyzed diets. The diets of men had higher GL, energy and sucrose content than the diets of women. Men, in comparison to women, consumed more refined grain products (144.1 ± 78.2 g vs. 95.5 ± 67.8 g), beverages (236.4 ± 344.7 g vs. 69.2 ± 173.0 g), honey and sugar (28.0 ± 22.2 g vs. 16.7 ± 18.0 g), dark chocolate (4.5 ± 4.5 g vs. 3.9 ± 6.7 g), sweets (66.1 ± 56.6 g vs. 38.8 ± 39.5 g) and soups (313.3 ± 105.3 g vs. 260.8 ± 160.3 g). Conclusions: Analyzed diets were characterized by high GL and simple sugars content. Men consumed more refined and sweetened products than women. The improvement of knowledge about proper nutrition is needed in studied group of cancer patients.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Ładunek glikemiczny (ŁG) jest stosowany w celu określenia wpływu spożycia poszczególnych produktów spożywczych na poziom glikemii we krwi. Według aktualnej wiedzy, wysoka wartość ŁG diety może zwiększać ryzyko rozwoju oraz nawrotu choroby nowotworowej. Cel: Celem badania była ocena wartości ŁG oraz spożycia węglowodanów przez pacjentów przebywających na oddziale onkologicznym. Materiał i metody: Grupa badana liczyła 100 pacjentów w wieku 19-83 lata (59.6 ± 11.3 g) ze zdiagnozowaną chorobą nowotworową. Wartość ŁG, wartość energetyczna oraz zawartość poszczególnych składników odżywczych w diecie zostały oszacowane na podstawie danych pochodzących z kwestionariusza częstotliwości spożycia żywności (FFQ). Zbadano korelacje pomiędzy ŁG i spożyciem produktów należących do 18 grup produktów spożywczych. Wyniki: Średnia wartość ŁG w przeliczeniu na 1000 kcal diety wyniosła 61.0 ± 8.6 g w grupie mężczyzn i 56.2 ± 9.5 g w grupie kobiet. Zbyt wysoką wartość GL stwierdzono w 76% analizowanych diet. Diety mężczyzn charakteryzowały się wyższą wartością ŁG, podażą energii i zawartością sacharozy niż diety kobiet. Ponadto mężczyźni spożywali więcej rafinowanych produktów zbożowych (144.1 ± 78.2 g vs. 95.5 ± 67.8 g), napojów (236.4 ± 344.7 g vs. 69.2 ± 173.0 g), miodu i cukru (28.0 ± 22.2 g vs. 16.7 ± 18.0 g), gorzkiej czekolady (4.5 ± 4.5 g vs. 3.9 ± 6.7 g), słodyczy (66.1 ± 56.6 g vs. 38.8 ± 39.5 g) i zup (313.3 ± 105.3 g vs. 260.8 ± 160.3 g) niż kobiety. Wnioski: Analizowane diety charakteryzowały się wysoką wartością ŁG oraz zawartością cukrów prostych. Badani mężczyźni spożywali więcej rafinowanych i słodzonych produktów spożywczych niż kobiety. Ponieważ nieodpowiednia dieta może zwiększać ryzyko rozwoju i nawrotu choroby, polepszenie stanu wiedzy na temat prawidłowego sposobu żywienia jest niezbędne w grupie pacjentów onkologicznie chorych.

17

Osmotic dehydration of apples under reduced pressure conditions

63%

Muszyński S. , Kornarzyński K. , Gładyszewska B.

Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 20, No. 3

135--143

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of reduced pressure on the osmotic dehydration of apples. Tests were performed under vacuum of 8 kPa, 67 kPa, 80 kPa and under the atmospheric pressure (100 kPa). The samples were dehydrated in a sucrose solution with a concentration of 30°Bx, 50°Bx and 70°Bx. It has been shown that the effect of low pressure application depends significantly to the concentration of the osmotic solution. It has been found that the overall weight change significantly depend on the concentration of the solution, and after 3 hours of dehydration at a pressure of 80 kPa at solutions of 30°Bx, 50°Bx and 70°Bx total weight loss increased by 65%, 12% and 25% respectively, when compared to samples dehydrated at atmospheric pressure. From the studied variants of reduced pressure, the pressure of 80 kPa seems to be the optimal one, as evidenced by the lowest values of weight gain to water loss ratios for apples dehydrated in solutions of 50°Bx and 70°Bx.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu obniżonego ciśnienia na przebieg odwadniania osmotycznego jabłek. Badania przeprowadzono przy zastosowaniu ciśnień 8 kPa, 67 kPa, 80 kPa oraz ciśnienia atmosferycznego (100 kPa). Próbki odwadniane były w roztworach sacharozy o stężeniu 30ºBx, 50ºBx i 70ºBx. Wykazano, że przy ocenie obniżonego ciśnienia istotne znaczenie ma stężenie zastosowanego roztworu osmotycznego. Stwierdzono, że całkowite zmiany masy w sposób istotny zależały od stężenia roztworu i po 3 godzinach odwadniania pod ciśnieniem 80 kPa w roztworach 30ºBx, 50ºBx i 70ºBx ubytki te wzrosły odpowiednio o 65%, 12% i 25% w stosunku do prób odwadnianych w warunkach ciśnienia atmosferycznego. Z przebadanych wariantów zredukowanego ciśnienia, ciśnienie 80 kPa wydaje się być ciśnieniem optymalnym, o czym świadczą również najniższe wartości stosunku przyrostu masy do ubytku wody dla jabłek odwadnianych w roztworach 50ºBx i 70ºBx.

18

Effect of fluoxetine and resveratrol on testicular functions and oxidative stress in a rat model of chronic mild stress-induced depression

63%

Sakr H. F. , Abbas A. M. , Elsamanoudy A. Z. , Ghoneim F. M.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2015

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tom 66

|

nr 4

19

The effect of some chemical substances on the longevity of flowers of the spider flower (Cleome spinosa Jacq.)

63%

Kwiatkowska E. , Wazbinska J.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

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2009

|

tom 30

20

In vitro storage of Hosta Tratt. cultures

63%

Witomska M. , Lukaszewska A. , Tyszkiewicz A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2008

|

tom 16

371-382