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CHINESE GHOST THEATRE

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Steiner M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2007

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tom 51

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nr 4

157-172

EN

Around five millennia ago the Chinese developed spectacular rituals concerning afterlife beliefs. Funerals could always been perceived as theatre-like cultural performances. The ancestor cult is a base for Chinese morality. Theatrical performances are one of the means of ghosts worship. Until recently the performance of mourning could have been considered a social spectacle.The classical music theatre of China (xiqu) constitutes a vivid illustration of beliefs in constant commune with souls of the dead. Traditional dramatic literature provides many examples of female-ghost characters. They are usually protagonists, who put a moral thesis forward and convey the educational message of the theatre piece. Actors' make-up as well as theatre puppets have presumably funeral origins. Afterlife beliefs could be regarded as one of the sources of Chinese theatre.

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Age of Lower Jurassic Springdale Sandstone of Southwestern Utah from its Magnetic Polarity Sequence

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Steiner M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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tom Vol. 12, no. 2

23--30

EN

The Springdale Sandstone records a large number of reversals of the geomagnetic field. Forty-three percent of the 60 m section investigated showed 25 polarity intervals. These frequent reversals follow the nearly constant normal polarity of the underlying Whitmore Point strata. Comparison of the reversal sequence of the Springdale Sandstone with a core from the Paris Basin suggests that the Springdale Sandstone spans an interval extending possibly from as early as late Hettangian to early-mid Sinemurian time. The paleomagnetic pole calculated from Springdale paleomagnetic directions is statistically identical to that of the underlying Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation, and considerably different from that of the overlying Kayenta Formation. This similarity suggests that the Springdale Sandstone should be retained as a member of the Moenave Formation, not considered part of the Kayenta Formation.

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Jan Patočka a kritická edice „J. A. Comenii Opera omnia“

100%

Steiner M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 3

409-411

EN

In the fifties and sixties the name of Jan Patocka was to be found amongst the editors and translators of Comenius' Latin writings. His planned collaboration with the editors of the collected publication of 'J. A. Comenii Opera omnia' - the Work of J. A. Comenius was however stopped for political reasons, and his report recommending the publication of the 14th volume of this edition could not be used in the beginning of the seventies since giving his name as 'specialist editor' was not thought desirable. In the second half of the seventies his name was no longer allowed to even appear in the index of names.

4

New magnetostratigraphy and paleopole from the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation at Kanab, Utah

100%

Steiner M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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tom Vol. 12, no. 2

13--22

EN

The entire Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation was sampled in close stratigraphic sequence (+0.3 m) from a vertical exposure in southwestern Utah. The polarity sequence in the Whitmore Point Member is essentially normal polarity, with five or more very short reversed intervals interspersed and a <1 m reversed interval at the top of the sequence. This polarity pattern dates the Whitmore Point Member as Hettangian. In the earliest Jurassic, the North American plate rotated even further westward from its Late Triassic position, and the movement appears to have been accompanied by an abrupt increase in plate motion because of the similarity in position of many Late Triassic paleopoles. The Moenave pole forms the ‘J-1 cusp’ of the North American apparent polar wander curve. The paleopole obtained by this study is somewhat further westward than those of previous studies. Within the 27 m of a mostly normal polarity sequence, the data show multiple, exceedingly short polarity intervals. The magnetization carrier is a maghemite-magnetite mineral, with the magnetization of an additional hematite carrier superposed. The lithostratigraphic sequence of the Moenave Formation is terminated by an unconformable surface, overlain by the Springdale Sandstone. Paleomagnetic directions of the Whitmore Point Member are exceedingly similar to those of the overlying Springdale Sandstone. Even though the two lithologic bodies are separated by a clear disconformity, the similarity in pole positions suggests that the two are closely related in time. It is possible that this disconformity represents the termination of the westward excursion of North America in earliest Jurassic time.The entire Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation was sampled in close stratigraphic sequence (+0.3 m) from a vertical exposure in southwestern Utah. The polarity sequence in the Whitmore Point Member is essentially normal polarity, with five or more very short reversed intervals interspersed and a <1 m reversed interval at the top of the sequence. This polarity pattern dates the Whitmore Point Member as Hettangian. In the earliest Jurassic, the North American plate rotated even further westward from its Late Triassic position, and the movement appears to have been accompanied by an abrupt increase in plate motion because of the similarity in position of many Late Triassic paleopoles. The Moenave pole forms the ‘J-1 cusp’ of the North American apparent polar wander curve. The paleopole obtained by this study is somewhat further westward than those of previous studies. Within the 27 m of a mostly normal polarity sequence, the data show multiple, exceedingly short polarity intervals. The magnetization carrier is a maghemite-magnetite mineral, with the magnetization of an additional hematite carrier superposed. The lithostratigraphic sequence of the Moenave Formation is terminated by an unconformable surface, overlain by the Springdale Sandstone. Paleomagnetic directions of the Whitmore Point Member are exceedingly similar to those of the overlying Springdale Sandstone. Even though the two lithologic bodies are separated by a clear disconformity, the similarity in pole positions suggests that the two are closely related in time. It is possible that this disconformity represents the termination of the westward excursion of North America in earliest Jurassic time.

5

THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES OF THE KHMER PEOPLE: BETWEEN ROYAL ENTERTAINMENT AND RITUAL SACRIFICE

100%

Steiner M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 4

129-145

EN

Classical Khmer ballet (lakhon kbach boran) began at the royal court in the latter part of the first millennium (probably around 802 AD), and continues to be performed in Cambodia. The ballet is dominated by women, while men are the sole performers in another form of traditional dramatic dance, known as 'lakhon khol'. Although this masked theatre also functioned as 'royal theatre', its popular, ritual version is more widespread. 'Lakhon bassac', the newest genre of the traditional Khmer theatre in what is today Cambodia, has its origins in the early twentieth century. It is a popular form of musical drama that shows considerable Vietnamese influence. In Cambodia, two types of shadow theatres exist: 'ayang', which is a theatre of small, individual figures, whose origins probably lie with an Indonesian-Malyasian or southern Thai model, and 'sbaek thom', which uses large figures and would appear to be a type of theatre unique to Cambodia.

6

Magnetostratigraphy and paleopoles of the Kayenta Formation and the Tenney Canyon Tongue

63%

Steiner M. , Tanner L.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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tom Vol. 12, no. 2

31--38

EN

The Kayenta Formation is the third in a series of stratigraphic units making up the Glen Canyon Group that were sampled along US Hwy 89 in southern Utah. The Kayenta is dominantly reversed polarity with a number of very short normal polarity intervals. Above the Kayenta and interbedded in the Navajo Sandstone is the Tenney Canyon Tongue of the Kayenta Formation. The lower half of the Tenney Canyon Tongue was also sampled and is dominantly normal polarity with three short reversed polarity intervals. The dominantly reversed magnetostratigraphy of the Kayenta appears to match that of Early Pliensbachian polarity interval “e-Pli R.” The dominance of normal polarity of the Tenney Canyon Tongue suggests that the Tenney Canyon may have been deposited in the upper half of the Pliensbachian polarity interval “ePli-N.” The suggested polarity matches indicate that the Kayenta and Tenney Canyon Tongue strata are 187–190 Ma in age. The paleopoles of the two units are statistically identical. The combined data of the Kayenta-Springdale-Whitmore Point show that the J-1 cusp terminated before the deposition of the Kayenta Formation. The North American continent/pole returned to its Late Triassic position during/after Springdale time, apparently along the same path used to reach the apex of the J-1 cusp.

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Migration ability of selected cancer cells in correlation with Beta action expression

51%

Popow A. , Nowak D. , Steiner M. , Malicka-Blaszkiewicz M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2006

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tom 53

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nr Supplement 1

8

The new stem-group brachiopod Oymurania from the lower Cambrian of Siberia

51%

Kouchinsky A. , Holmer L. E. , Steiner M. , Ushatinskaya G. T.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 4

EN

A stem-group brachiopod, Oymurania gravestocki Ushatinskaya gen. et sp. nov. is described herein from the middle Atdabanian-lower Botoman Stages (-Cambrian Stage 3) of the Siberian Platform. The fossils were extracted from limestone beds of the Emyaksin, Perekhod, and Pestrotsvet formations as assemblages of disarticulated orthoconic to cyrtoconic porous shells in apatite preservation. The originally organophosphatic shells of Oymurania are externally similar to mitral sclerites (ventral valves) of the stem-group brachiopod Micrina, although no sellate-like sclerites, nor differentiated subapical area with apophyses were recognised in our material. The range of Oymurania shells with sub-central to posteromarginal apex is similar to that of ventral valves ofMickwitzia. Oymurania is also characterised by the system of radial and orthogonal canals open in pairs or triplets in small depressions or indentations of growth lamellae in the outer shell surface. The orthogonal (Micrina-Setatella type) and radial (horizontal setigerous tubes) canals are widespread among the early Cambrian stem-group brachiopods, such as Micrina, Mickwitzia, and Setatella. In addition to these canals, Oymurania exhibits a well-developed acrotretoid columnar microstructure, also known from Setatella. A broad subapical platform in cyrtoconic shells (presumably ventral valves) of Oymurania is interpreted homologous to the deltoid area in mitrals of Micrina and pseudointerarea/interarea in ventral valves of Setatella/paterinid brachiopods. Except with probable cell imprints and openings of orthogonal canals, no morphological differentiation was, however, reflected by the shell interior of Oymurania gravestocki. Being closely related to tannuolinids and mickwitziids, Oymurania complements the picture of diversification of the early Cambrian stem-group brachiopods that occurred in parallel with radiation of paterinids and other crow-group brachiopods on the Siberian Platform and worldwide.

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Taphonomy of the earliest Cambrian linguliform brachiopods

45%

Forchielli A. , Steiner M. , Hu S. , Luter C. , Keupp H.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2014

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tom 59

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nr 1

EN

The Early Cambrian Burgess Shale−type fossil Lagerstätten of Yunnan Province (Chengjiang; Guanshan) are crucial in understanding the Cambrian bioradiation. Brachiopods are applied here as a critical model phylum to analyze the taphonomy of Yunnan fossil Lagerstätten, because shell and tissue composition of modern brachiopods can be compared with exceptionally preserved Cambrian remains. Systematic elemental mapping and energy−dispersive X−ray analyses have been carried out to study fossil brachiopods and their matrix from Cambrian Stages 3–4 and modern linguliform brachiopods from several geographical regions in order to evaluate the detailed structure of the shells and the biological and environmental influences on shell composition. Analyses of earliest Cambrian fossils encompassing the complete spectrum of weathering stages show a primary organo−phosphatic brachiopod shell, visible in unweathered specimens, and a successive dissolution and replacement of the shell during weathering, observable in specimens that underwent dif− ferent stages of weathering. Therefore, our study reveals that earliest Cambrian linguliform brachiopods from the Chengjiang and Guanshan Biotas developed organo−phosphatic shells as their Recent counterparts. Early carbon and apa− tite preservation together with rapid deposition in claystone, instead of early iron adsorption, appears crucial for the pres− ervation of highly delicate tissue. Primary calcium, phosphorus, organic carbon, and a multilayered shell are present, by inference between Cambrian fossils and Recent specimens, through the whole Phanerozoic. Elements such as silicon, sul− phur, calcium, phosphorus, and iron were detected, impregnated with organic compounds in some organs of modern Lingula, and related to the potential of fossilization of Cambrian linguliform brachiopods. Ferromanganese precipitates traced in the shell of in vivo specimens of modern Lingula may enhance the potential for fossilization too.