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1
Content available The Dynamics of the Contemporary Military Role: In Search of Flexibility
100%
Mazurkiewicz A.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
|
2018
|
tom 25
|
nr 2
EN
The article offers an overview and reflection on the dynamics of the military role taking into account different security contexts and significant others. It analyses two dominant types of military roles: warrior embedded in the realistic perspective on security and peacekeeper grounded in the liberal approach. Finally, it examines the dynamics of the modern military role in the light of the internal-external security nexus. The article shows that the contemporary military role needs not only to combine warrior and peacekeeper roles but also develop some new elements in order to meet the requirements of the contemporary security context.The article begins by setting a theoretical framework that allows for an analysis of drivers of change of the military role. It then moves towards an examination of the contextual drivers of change which influence the two traditional conceptualisations of military role: a “warrior” and a “peacekeeper”. Next, the article turns towards the topic of internal-external security nexus as characteristic to the contemporary security context. Finally, it considers the contextual drivers of change within two areas of military involvement: domestic counter-terrorism operations and cyber security. The article ends with three main conclusions. Firstly, the contemporary military role requires more adaptability with regards to referent objects. Secondly, the contemporary military role requires more flexibility with regards to countering threats and the application of violence. Thirdly, the flexibility of the contemporary military role is necessitated by close collaboration with other actors who participate in provision of security.
PL
The article offers an overview and reflection on the dynamics of the military role taking into account different security contexts and significant others. It analyses two dominant types of military roles: warrior embedded in the realistic perspective on security and peacekeeper grounded in the liberal approach. Finally, it examines the dynamics of the modern military role in the light of the internal-external security nexus. The article shows that the contemporary military role needs not only to combine warrior and peacekeeper roles but also develop some new elements in order to meet the requirements of the contemporary security context.
2
Content available remote Social Stratification in Japanese and Some Other Martial Arts: A Comparison and Discussion of Changes
99%
Cynarski W. J.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2013
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tom 59
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nr 1
49-59
EN
Using the humanistic theory of martial arts and martial arts sociology, the author attempts to describe and explain the relationship between social stratification and martial arts. He asks whether a person’s position in the martial arts environment is, today, dependent on social background. He asks: Who could practice with weapons, and which weapons, a hundred years ago? Who can study in the ancient fencing schools today? The analysis includes martial arts in ancient Japan, Europe and Brazil as well as today. He finds that positions originally went to those in the privileged classes or social strata. Today, this does not matter. It can be concluded that there is simply a generational transmission of interest within families. Position in the martial arts, as in many other areas, is part of a person’s long-term effort to determine their own position in society, or “position developed independently”. Martial arts are part of the farreaching democratization and leveling of society. Positions inherited from father to son arise only very rarely. This mainly now happens only in the ancient ancestral schools.
3
Social Stratification in Japanese and Some Other Martial Arts: A Comparison and Discussion of Changes
99%
Cynarski W. J.
|
|
nr 1
49-59
EN
Using the humanistic theory of martial arts and martial arts sociology, the author attempts to describe and explain the relationship between social stratification and martial arts. He asks whether a person’s position in the martial arts environment is, today, dependent on social background. He asks: Who could practice with weapons, and which weapons, a hundred years ago? Who can study in the ancient fencing schools today? The analysis includes martial arts in ancient Japan, Europe and Brazil as well as today. He finds that positions originally went to those in the privileged classes or social strata. Today, this does not matter. It can be concluded that there is simply a generational transmission of interest within families. Position in the martial arts, as in many other areas, is part of a person’s long-term effort to determine their own position in society, or “position developed independently”. Martial arts are part of the farreaching democratization and leveling of society. Positions inherited from father to son arise only very rarely. This mainly now happens only in the ancient ancestral schools.
4
Content available Filozofia sztuk walki – The Philosophy of Martial Arts according to Wojciech J. Cynarski – a review
71%
Pawłucki A.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2023
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tom 23
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nr 1
81-88
EN
Background. Fighting arts are an area of interest to physical culture researchers. One of them is Wojciech J. Cynarski, who has developed the theory of cultural dialogues and the General Theory of Fighting Arts. In The Philosophy of martial arts according to Cynarski, are found momentous solutions for the scientific humanities: 1) ontological – regarding the question of the primary non-identity of the warrior with the athlete, 2) anthropological-cultural – showing the distinctiveness of the figure of the martial arts antagonist (the warrior in the literal sense) and the agonist as an athlete and Olympian 3) scientific – explaining the immanent fusion of the philosophy of physical culture with the philosophy of martial arts, and 4) ethical – justifying the moral rightness of the knight fighting to the death in hand-to-hand combat in self-defence or as counter-strike. Problem. The author of the paper discusses and evaluates this book on the philosophy of martial arts by Prof. Wojciech J. Cynarski. The question posed here is whether the culture of martial arts contains philosophical thinking combined with the characteristics of scientific humanism. There is also a distinction made between the master of martial arts who is not the same as the master of philosophy. Method. This is a review of a set of essays by Cynarski containing philosophical thoughts about martial arts, sports and culture. Results. The author of the book in question is presented; reference is made to the content of the book by reviewing it. A substantive assessment is carried out and the text is significantly assessed. Conclusion. The Philosophy of Martial Arts according to Wojciech J. Cynarski is a valuable and recommendable book; its author is considered the epitome of chivalry, who shows through his works ways to reach a moral ideal.
PL
Najnowsza książka Wojciecha J. Cynarskiego [2022] z filozofią w tytule – w wersji polskiej i angielskiej tekstu paralelnego – musi wzbudzać pytanie o istotę samej filozofii. Nasuwać pytanie, nie o sztuki walki – czym są, bo wiadomo, że do sportu nie należą, choć niektóre zostały usportowione – lecz o filozofię właśnie, w zapytaniu, czy w kulturze sztuk walki zawiera się myślność filozoficzna o znamionach humanistyki naukowej. Nie każda bowiem myślność o wojowniku należy do filozofii, mimo że uporczywie jest tak nazywana, a tym samym nadużywana. Jak sportowiec nie tworzy filozofii, nie wiedząc nawet, że taka istnieje, tak wojownik osiągający kinetyczne mistrzostwo w miotaniu dyskiem i oszczepem, robieniu mieczem i kijem, albo tylko samym ciałem sprawnie działający, dotrzymać kroku filozoficznym myślicielom nie byłby w stanie. Mistrz sztuki walki nie jest tożsamy mistrzowi filozofii.
5
Content available „Projekt WOJOWNIK” – założenia i pierwsze doświadczenia
71%
Gluszczak S.
Bezpieczeństwo Obronność Socjologia
|
2018
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nr 9/10
113-116
6
Content available Polak-wojownik. Wzorzec polskiego mężczyzny – mit czy rzeczywistość?
57%
Olejnik K.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
|
2019
|
nr 103
13-26
EN
The article approaches the culture problem between myths about extraordinary bravery of Polish men and the historical facts which are different from this stereotype. This article focuses on the roots of the myth and its permanent place in Polish culture.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy kwestii o charakterze kulturowym. Jest próbą konfrontacji mitu o szczególnej waleczności Polaków z rzeczywistością historyczną, która od tego stereotypu jest odległa. Ponadto rozważania dotyczą przyczyn ukształtowania się takiego mitu i jego stałej obecności w kulturze narodowej Polaków.
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