Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analysis of cribra orbitalia in the earliest inhabitants of medieval Vilnius

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Jatautis Š. , Mitokaitė I. , Jankauskas R.

Anthropological Review

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2011

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tom 74

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nr 1

57-68

EN

The purpose of this work is to present an analysis of cribra orbitalia (CO) from the population of a medieval cemetery in Vilnius, Lithuania, dated between the end of the 13th to the beginning of the 15th centuries. The sample consisted of 208 individuals with sufficiently preserved orbits: 82 subadults and 122 adults. CO was correlated with sex, age-at-death, and three skeletal indicators of biological health: linear enamel hypoplasia, periostitis, and adult femur length as a proxy value for stature. Siler's and Gompertz-Makeham's parametric models of mortality as well as χ2 statistics were used to evaluate these relationships. Almost one-third of all analyzed individuals had signs of CO, including approximately 60% of the subadults. There was a very strong relationship between the age-at-death and incidence of CO, i.e., individuals with the lesion were dying much younger. The frequency of CO among the sexes was not statistically significant. On the other hand, CO had a negative effect only on adult males, i.e., males who had the lesion died at a younger age. Furthermore, CO and linear enamel hypoplasia were positively related for subadults, whereas no significant relationships were found among adults of corresponding sex. Incidence of periostitis and adult stature were not related to CO.

PL

Celem tej pracy była analizacribra orbitalia(CO) w populacji ze średniowiecznego Wilna (Litwa), zbadanej na podstawie próby szkieletów z cmentarzyska datowanego od końca XIII do początków XV wieku. Podstawowe charakterystyki paleodemograficzne tej próby (208 osobników, w tym 82 młodocianych) zawiera tabela 1. Zbadano korelację CO z płcią, wiekiem w chwili śmierci i trzema kostnymi wyznacznikami zdrowia - hipoplazją szkliwa zębowego (LEH), śladami zapalenia okostnej i wysokością ciała (dorosłych). Do oceny zależności wykorzystano parametryczne modele umieralności Silera i Gompertz-Makehama oraz statystykę χ2.Prawie 1/3 badanych osobników (32%)wykazywała CO, w tym 60% osobników młodocianych (zmarłych przed 15 rokiem życia). Ponadto analiza wykazała wysoką zależność między tą cechą a wiekiem w chwili śmierci - osoby ze śladami CO umierały znacznie młodziej (Fig. 1, 2). Może to sugerować, ze ważnym czynnikiem podnoszącym ryzyko zgonu wśród osobników młodocianych była anemia. Co więcej, jeśli nie są to ślady remodelowania, mogą one sugerować, że stresujące wydarzenia z dzieciństwa wpłynęły także pośrednio lub bezpośrednio na przeżywalność osób dorosłych. Choć u dorosłych kobiet CO występowały nieco częściej niż u mężczyzn, różnica nie była istotna. Z drugiej strony, CO miały negatywny wpływ tylko na dorosłych mężczyzn (umierali oni młodziej). Być może kobiety miały więc sprawniejszy układ odpornościowy. Innym wyjaśnieniem mogłaby być śmierć bardziej wrażliwych na ten czynnik dziewcząt w wieku młodocianym. CO pozytywnie korelowały z LEH u młodocianych, podczas gdy istotnych korelacji u dorosłych nie stwierdzono (tab. 2). Można sądzić, że młodociane i słabe osobniki z cechą CO, z większym prawdopodobieństwem miały LEH. Tak więc interakcje obu czynników sygnalizowanych obecnością cech CO i LEH mogły być odpowiedzialne za skracanie życia młodych osobników.Periostitisi wysokość ciała w badanej próbie nie wykazywały związku z CO (tab. 2).

2

K možnostem výzkumu panovnického dvora v pozdním středověku v českých zemích

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Dvořáčková-Malá D.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2014

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tom 17

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nr 2

7-16

EN

On the possibility of research of the sovereign court in the Late Middle Ages in the Czech lands: The study presents a synopsis of the existing scholarship on the theme of courtly research in the Czech lands, which has taken place in various qualities and quantities since the end of the 1970s. It summarizes the individual results and existing methodological routes while pointing out the as-yet untouched or insufficiently elaborated themes. It predominantly points out the so-far minimal research in this sense in the Late Middle Ages, or in the 15th century, in the Czech lands. Among others, also a treatment of the court of the famous King George of Poděbrady here.

3

Mělnický dvůr královen vdov Barbory Celské a Johany z Rožmitálu

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Šandera M.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 2

7-27

EN

The study summarizes the results of the previous research of a residential court that was created by the Dowager Queens Barbora Celská and Johana of Rožmitál at the Castle in the Dowry Town of Mělník. It describes the clerical and representative components of a residential courtyard headed by a court marshal and a court hofmister, reveals and compares the activity of the Mělník‘s office of both dowager queens and shows the court as an administrative center. The main difficulty for the court was the lack of financial resources, which was easier for Dowager Queen Johana to cope, despite her much greater political engagement.

4

Zelenohorská jednota a císař Fridrich III. - spojenec, protektor i protivník

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Šandera M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2021

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tom 119

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nr 3

537-564

EN

The treatise follows the development of the mutual relations of the opposition group of the Bohemian Catholic nobility of the so-called League of Zelená Hora and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, whose support was besides the Pope to legitimate the resistance of the aristocracy against King George of Poděbrady. It shows the property interests of the leading representatives of the League in Austria, reveals the ties to the personalities of Frederick’s court, assesses the impact of the Affair with Poisons from 1465 and the motives of the parties involved. The emperor’s support was not enough to gain military assistance from the Holy Roman Empire, so in the end the League of Zelená Hora offered the Bohemian throne to the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus. After the death of George of Poděbrady, this organization lost any real interest in the continuation of the war, tried for a certain balance between the emperor and the king of Hungary Matthias Corvinus, but managed to avoid Corvinus using his personal conflict with Frederick III from 1476–1477 to his own advantage.

5

„Nüchtern und fleißig verhalten“. Služební přísahy v pozdně středověkých a raně novověkých městech severní Moravy a Slezska

88%

Komárková H.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2016

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tom 31

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nr 2

141-167

EN

Since the creation and application of the borough rights the oath formed an important part of life of urban communities. The very act of oath had initially legitimized the status of the urban community as a collective (the oath taken by whole community to the sovereign) and the status of its highest representatives (councilors oath of office to the sovereign or to his representative) and had been consolidating its internal integrity (oath of newly recruited townspeople). Gradually, within the sources we could meet with the spreading practice of application of oath, especially in the area of administration and self-government, and the oath itself had slowly turned into some secularized and formalized variation of its former form and became a part of the bureaucratic practice. Records of oaths, which are preserved in various types of municipal books, thus provide testimony not only about the transformation and development of mechanisms of functioning of urban community from the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times, but also about the development of values and principles on which the idea of urban community was built. The potential of investigation of this sources lies precisely in the possibility of following the practical and theoretical aspects of life in medieval and early modern city.

6

Archeologie mlýnů zaniklých ve druhé polovině 20. století

88%

Galusová L.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2017

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nr 32

283-307

EN

Case studies of watermills that ceased to exist during the 20th century, examined via archaeological methods in the regions of West and Northwest Bohemia, have brought significant findings in the form of particular building stages from the oldest times to the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Watermill of Hutmühle (Litoměřice district, Northwest Bohemia, near the village of Zubrice) was the most thoroughly investigated site. In the scope of this archaeological excavation, various methodological differences, possibilities and limits of research of such sites appeared. Based on the scientific activities performed, it is evident that these watermills are highly valuable technical sights, which shall be paid more attention to in terms of both archaeological and historical monument care.

CS

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7

Landfrýdní hnutí v Horní a Dolní Lužici ve středoevropských souvislostech

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Beran Z.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2013

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tom 16

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nr 1

15-54

EN

Landfriede Movement in the Upper and Lower Lusatia in the Middle European Context: The study deals with the specifics of landfriede movement in Upper and Lower Lusatia from the Central European point of view. It follows first the emergence of the first city leagues intended to protect public order, which transform into more complex associations and unions. It also shows the development of landfriede unions that led both to the strengthening of internal security of the participating countries, and establishing cooperation with foreign subjects. The development of landfriede movement culminates with the emergence of first genuine landfriedes during the reign of Matthias Corvinus. The work as well proposes possibilities to classify the monitored institutions. The development in Upper Lusatia is probably most specific with the Lusatian League (1346), which took over an important part of caring for ensuring security in the country. Landriedes as such were accepted in Upper and Lower Lusatia as a result of Corvinus’s initiative (first in 1474) which led to mutual administrative bondage to his controlled lands in Bohemia. Both countries, though, have a rich tradition in institutions carrying mostly not directly landfriede character to this historical phenomenon in the history of public care to ensure law and order, or in the contemporary lexicon “landfriede”.

8

Dokument dotyczący Bezławek z 1409 ROKU

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Kwiatkowski K.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2020

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nr 1(307)

147-153

EN

The presented contribution contains a discussion and a version of the document on the Bezławki settlement (Germ. Bäslack) dated 29 June 1409. This source survived only as a 16th-century copy included in a larger notebook with excerpts of documents confirming the bestowal of lands, estate sale and purchase transactions and land borders within the Rastenburg Hauptamt. Next to information relevant to the history of Bezławki and the nearby settlements, the discussed document also presents the manner of creating dependencies between the less affluent and the rich landowners belonging to the group of the so-called free men (Germ. Freien). As a result, it illustrates the mediatisation process, which is rather poorly confirmed by source documents and virtually non-researched for Prussia of the 1st half of the 15th century.

9

Rezidence, Stolice, rezidenční město : příspěvek k reprezentaci Nového Města pražského v pozdním středověku

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Čapský M.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 2

59-89

EN

The study deals with the representation of Prague’s New Town in the Late Middle Ages. The intellectuals connected with the municipal office derived the identity of the town from the person of its founder – Emperor Charles IV. The town scribes and preachers called Prague’s New Town the “residential town of Emperor Charles”. The study’s author progressively handles several questions. He first deals with the term stolice (stool – residential town) and its use in medieval Czech. In the second part of the study, examples are mentioned of the relations between the royal residence and the town. The third part of the study deals with the royal representation in the urban milieu and the political communication of Prague’s New Town, which had to defend its economic, legal and power independence from Prague’s Old Town.

10

Vladislavský sál pražského hradu ve světle nových nálezů. Příspěvek k dějinám každodennosti pozdního středověku a raného novověku

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Blažková G. , Frolík J. , Matyášek J.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2016

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tom 19

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nr 2

27-50

EN

At the end of 2008 and beginning of 2009, resque archaeological excavation was conducted during the reconstruction of the floor in Vladislav Hall of Prague Castle. The research was limited in the major part of the Hall to the surface terrain with the exception of eight trenches in various parts of the Hall, but always at the external walls. It is substantial for the method of the research and its conclusions that all of the selected backfill was sifted and partially also floated. The items found characterize several areas of everyday life. The components of clothing are numerous (buttons, clasps, needles, leather bags and fragments of shoes, a ring, a pendant or part of an earring, pins and thimbles). The personal equipment includes a pocket sundial of wood. There were feasts on celebratory occasions in the hall, which is proved by tableware (a knife, wooden spoons, fragments of glass vessels). Another significant function of the Hall was also the operation of a marketplace. The testimony on business transactions are fragments of leather purses and scales (including a set of nested weights). The coin finds are also related at least partially with this activity. Most of the finds can be chronologically placed in the second half of the 16th century and earlier part of the 17th century. They clearly prove that the Hall fulfilled several functions at that time. It was always connected with social communication (public ceremonies, the sessions of the estates’ diet).

11

Válka a násilí jako sociální kód české pozdně středověké šlechty

75%

Beran Z.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2017

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tom 115

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nr 2

319-345

EN

This study deals with the phenomena of aristocratic warfare and violence in late medieval Bohemia. Its main aim is to analyse the change, or the assumed retreat of aristocratic warfare from the life of the Bohemian nobility in the declining years of the Middle Ages. It makes use of the semantic analysis of the key terms used for designating aristocratic armed conflict, while it simultaneously questions some established terms as well as their accepted assessments; it also examines the viability and variability of the chivalric ideal owing to religious conflicts; further it approaches the legal background of the social order and focuses upon aristocratic warfare and violence as a social code in the context of changing social conditions. It demonstrates what a significant role in the process of forming the Early Modern society was played by an aristocratic ethos, which became the basis of a changeable, yet very viable social order in Late Medieval Bohemia.

12

Wyniki badań archeologicznych na stanowisku nr 14 w Dąbrówce, gm. Kowal, woj. kujawsko-pomorskie

75%

Nierychlewska A.

Raport

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2014

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tom 9

345-382

EN

Site 14 in Dąbrówka, on the motorway A-1 (Kowal interchange). Field survey covered a total area of 113.6 ares with 140 archaeological features discovered – such as a pottery workshop, pottery kiln, hearths, utility buildings, granaries, storage pits, dated back to late Middle Ages. Also 14 306 artifacts were obtained (pottery, metal, animal bones). The set was dominated by late medieval materials from the 14th – 1 half 15th century.

13

Problem sakralizacji wina i chleba w późnym średniowieczu i w czasach nowożytnych

75%

Szajt J. , Wachowski K.

Archeologia Polski

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 1-2

199-224

EN

Both Catholics and later Protestants yearned to practice their faith at home. For both, the Last Supper held significance as it was then that Jesus requested the Apostles to drink wine and partake of bread, transfigured respectively into the blood and the flesh of the Lord. Catholics believed that the Transfiguration took place for real, hence their use of tin “Hansekanne” flagons with a pilgrim’s badge or devotional plaques inside them, most often with a scene of the Crucifixion. Protestants treated the Transfiguration in purely symbolic terms and used clay jugs with the scene of the Crucifixion depicted on the outside surface. Moreover, there is a clay plate with a scene of the Crucifixion, which presumably served to sacralize the bread that it held.

14

Życie codzienne i odświętne na dworze Władysława Jagiełły

75%

Czwojdrak B.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2016

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tom 19

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nr 2

117-127

EN

The greatest amount of information on everyday life and festive life at the courts of the Polish rulers of the Late Middle Ages can be found in the preserved court accounts. The following text provides a short excursion into the contents of the court accounts of Władysław II Jagiełło and several other sporadically preserved accounting sources.

15

Sprawozdanie z badań ratowniczych na stanowisku 3 w Stawie, gm. Czarnożyły, pow. wieluński, woj. łódzkie

63%

Siciński W. , Stasiak W. , Płaza D. K.

Raport

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2013

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tom 8

449-465

EN

The archaeological excavations in Staw, Czarnożyły commune, Wieluń county, at site 3 embraced an area of 190 ares and revealed a total of 536 features of varied function and chronology. The site provided a large amount of relic material mainly in the form of ceramic flakes, flint artefacts, pugging and metal items. The recorded flint material bears testimony to human presence in the area since the end of the Palaeolithic. Also traces of Mesolithic and Neolithic communities were revealed, which bore relation to the Funnel beaker culture, as well as settlement of the Trzciniec culture. The majority of the relics can be attributed to the settlement of the early Lusatian culture from the 3rd-4th period of the Bronze Age. Other findings included materials of the Przeworsk culture from the end of the younger pre-Roman period and the beginning of the Roman period, as well as from the Middle Ages – both the early (9th-10th century) and the late (second half of the 14th and the 15th century).

16

Święcenia duchowieństwa w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach

63%

Sumowski M.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2019

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tom 85

EN

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the question of clergy ordinations in Prussian dioceses in the Late Middle Ages (14th – 1st half of 16th c.). The conditions for ordination and its procedure are discussed, as well as the documentation related to it. The second part of the paper contains an analysis of the only known listing of the ordained from the area of Prussia, coming from the Pomezanian diocese and dated to 1480-1481. Its edition is included, along some other sources related to ordinations.

PL

Celem artykułu jest analiza problematyki święceń duchowieństwa w diecezjach pruskich w późnym średniowieczu (XIV – I poł. XVI wieku). Omówiono warunki przystąpienia do święceń i proces ordynacji, a także związaną z nim dokumentację. Istotną częścią artykułu jest także analiza jedynego znanego wykazu wyświęconych z terenu Prus, pochodzącego z diecezji pomezańskiej i datowanego na lata 1480-1481. Został on wydany w edycji, obok kilku innych źródeł dotyczących święceń.

17

Ungarisch-preussische Handelsbeziehungen im Mittelalter

63%

Pósán L.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2018

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tom 83

|

nr 4

115-145

EN

The aim of the article is to present trade contacts between Prussia and Hungary from the end of the 13th century to the mid-15th century. The problem has hitherto remained beyond the interest of researchers dealing with trade relations. On the basis of the Hanseatic, Polish and Hungarian sources the author analyses the structure of goods being traded, participants of the trade and trade routes. The author points out the connection between the development of trade contacts with political relations in East Central Europe. After the death of King Louis I of Hungary (1382) the trade conducted between Hungary and Prussia, which went through the Polish territories, became heavily dependent on the balance of power between the Teutonic Order, the Kingdom of Poland and the Kingdom of Hungary. The author underlines that the range of goods which were the subject of the trade started to grow at the end of the 13th century. Apart from metals (copper, iron, silver) Hungarian merchants sold to Prussian merchants wax, furs, wine, cheap cloth and southern products such as fruit, spice and condiments. In the 15th century Melnaterite (Kupferwasser), the mineral used in dyeing, was exported from Upper Hungary to the Baltic zone. Merchants from Prussian towns exported to Hungary goods imported from West Europe, mainly cloth. Until the mid-15th century the main role in Prussian trade with Hungary was played by merchants from Toruń, while in the second half of the 15th century their place was taken over by merchants from Gdańsk.

DE

Ziel des Artikels ist die Präsentation der Handelskontakte zwischen Preußen und Ungarn vom Ende des 13. bis zur Mitte de 15. Jahrhunderts. Diese Problematik stand in der bisherigen Forschung im Schatten des Interesses für die Handelskontakte zwischen Polen und Ungarn. Auf der Grundlage von Quellen der Hanse, aus Polen und Ungarn analysiert der Autor die Warenstruktur des Handels, seine Beteiligten und die Handelswege. Er zeigt Verbindungen zwischen der Entwicklung der Handelskontakte und den politischen Verhältnissen in Mittelosteuropa auf. Vor allem in der Zeit nach dem Tod von Ludwig I. (1382) geriet der Handel zwischen Ungarn und Preußen über polnisches Gebiet in starke Abhängigkeit vom Kräfteverhältnis zwischen dem Deutschen Orden, dem Königreich Polen und dem Königreich Ungarn. Der Autor zeigt auf, wie seit dem Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts das Warensortiment im Handel wuchs. Außer Metallen (Kupfer, Eisen, Silber) verkauften die Kaufleute aus Ungarn den Kaufleuten aus Preußen Wachs, Felle, Wein, billige Tuche und Waren aus dem Süden (Früchte, Wurzeln, Gewürze). Im 15. Jahrhundert wurde Melanterit (Kupferwasser, Eisenvitriol) aus Ungarn an die Ostsee ausgeführt, ein Mineral, das unter anderem im Färbergewerbe benutzt wurde. Kaufleute aus den preußischen Städten exportierten nach Ungarn Waren, die sie aus Westeuropa importiert hatten, vor allem Tuch. Bis zur Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts spielten Kaufleute aus Thorn die bedeutendste Rolle im preußischen Handel mit Ungarn, in der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts wurde ihr Platz von Kaufleuten aus Danzig eingenommen.

18

Pavisemen armour. Iconography vs. written sources

63%

Przybyłok A. , mgr Arkadiusz Przybyłok - Institute of Archaeology University of Lodz , arkadiuszprzybylok@gmail.com

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2013

|

tom 29

PL

W przeciągu XV w. i w początkach wieku XVI pawężnicy stanowili mur chroniący oddziały strzelcze, będąc tym samym grupą najbardziej narażoną i w domyśle elitarną. Przerwanie ich linii w wielu wypadkach było zapewne początkiem końca oddziału. Stąd też można przypuszczać, iż na pawężnikach wywierano szczególną presję związaną z jakością noszonego przez nich uzbrojenia. W badaniach nad zbrojami pawężników pomocne są szczególnie źródła pisane. Korzystając z materiału zebranego przez T. Grabarczyka oraz A. Bołdyrewa, można podsumować statystycznie używane przez nich uzbrojenie. Pośród 1776 pawężników o określonym uzbrojeniu, 576 (32,4%) miało hełmy. W następnej kolejności należy wymienić 487 osób z myszką lub parą myszek, 250 walczących miało zaś szynkę/szynki, czyli osłonę nogi. Jedynie 35 zaciężnych chroniły rękawice płytowe, ośmiu napierśnik, pięciu obojczyk, trzech kirys i dwóch kolczugi. Liczba żołnierzy niechronionych oscyluje w granicach 30%. Wiedzę o uzbrojeniu pawężników warto również poszerzyć o ikonografię: malowidła ścienne z kościoła św. Wawrzyńca ze Strzelnik, poliptyk z kościoła Joannitów ze Stargardu, Poliptyk Legnicki, Pasję z toruńskiego kościoła św. Jakuba. We wszystkich przypadkach pawężnicy mają pełne zbroje płytowe. Na obrazie Oblężenie Malborka z Dworu Artusa w Gdańsku zauważyć można około 25 pawężników, z których tylko jeden nagi nie ma hełmu. W 11 przypadkach hełmowi towarzyszy podbródek lub obojczyk, w 14 ochrona tułowia, a w 12 – płytowe osłony nóg. 14 z walczących ma również pełne osłony rąk. Baltazar Behem w swoim Kodeksie przedstawił dwóch pawężników w saladach. Szyję jednej z postaci ochrania kołnierz wykonany z kolczugi, w drugim przypadku jedynie tekstylny kaptur. Korpusy obu żołnierzy chronią napierśniki, ręce zaś – pełne naręczaki i rękawice. Na pochodzącym z 1. poł. XVI w. obrazie Bitwa pod Orszą widzimy maszerujące dwie grupy pawężników. Masa postaci i rozmiar tarcz utrudnia rozpoznanie uzbrojenia ochronnego, w związku z czym powiedzieć można jedynie, że najprawdopodobniej wszyscy oni noszą na głowach hełmy, a na ramionach obojczyki. Można jedynie przypuszczać, iż ówcześni artyści nie brali udziału w walkach, nie znali w pełni realiów pola bitwy. Obraz pawężnika nie musiał być w pełni wiarygodnym oddaniem jakiejś postaci, a ideą. Stąd, jako znacząca formacja, najczęściej byli zakuci w stal niczym elita rycerstwa.

19

Przedstawienia rękawic płytowych na Poliptyku Grudziądzkim

63%

Sokoliński A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2013

|

tom 29

EN

Hand defenses from the early 1420s consisted of plate gauntlets whose elements were riveted to the leather base. First mentions about gauntlets created from small metal plates appeared in the last decade of the 13th c. One of gives a description about gauntlets made by the armourers in Paris in 1296, which were made in the same manner as coat-of-plates. Metal plates were riveted to the textile or leather base or between layers of material. In form they were familiar to the pieces which can often be seen on illuminations or tombstones from first quarter of the 14th c. in Western Europe. They remained in common use until the third quarter of this century. Around the year 1350 demi-gauntlets similar in shape to hourglass appeared. They were usually created from one piece of metal. They protected the wrist and had usually anatomically formed metacarpus. Fingers were protected by small overlapping metal scales riveted to the leather stripes which were attached to the gauntlet’s metacarpus. After the year 1370, demi-gauntlets became the dominant form of hand protection.

20

Prawo lubeckie w miastach pruskich (XIII–XVI w.). Stan badań, źródła i perspektywy badawcze

63%

Modrzyński P. M.

Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego

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2017

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nr 20

413-425

EN

The article deals with the issue of Lubeck law applied in Prussian cities during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance period. It presents the current state of research on court law. Existing and lost sources of Lubeck’s law were mentioned. The article also points out the deficiencies in the field of judicial law and source studies. The paper also outlined research perspectives. From the research perspectives, studies on the content of these sources seem to be very promising. They can help in researching the everyday life of townspeople, their mentality and problems completely neglected by literature, including fire and construction regulations and specific legal issues (including penal systems).

PL

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię prawa lubeckiego stosowanego w miastach pruskich w okresie średniowiecza i renesansu. Przedstawiono w nim stan badań nad prawem sądowym. Wymieniono istniejące oraz zaginione źródła prawa lubeckiego. Zwrócono również uwagę na braki w opracowaniach z dziedziny prawa sądowego oraz studiów źródłoznawczych. W artykule naszkicowano również perspektywy badawcze, z których bardzo obiecujące wydają się studia na treścią owych źródeł. Mogą one pomóc w badaniach nad życiem codziennym mieszczan i ich mentalnością a także w przypadku problemów zupełnie zaniedbanych przez literaturę. w tym przepisów przeciwpożarowych czy budowlanych oraz konkretnych kwestii prawnych (np. systemów penalnych).