New national and international societies that examine sports have been created and developed in Europe as well as on other continents. These societies, which examine the complex phenomena, issues, and questions concerning sports as seen from the different scientific points of view, are rooted in two main research directions: the natural sciences on the one hand, and the social sciences on the other. The authors of the paper point to the significant and ongoing development of the social sciences of sport. In particular, the authors discuss the development of the sociology of sport, philosophy of sport, psychology of sport, pedagogy of sport, history of physical culture, sports and Olympics, the organization and management of sport, social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, social relationships associated with sports training and tactics, as well as the humanistic theories of Eastern martial arts. The authors have listed several national, continental, and international scientific organizations that unite representatives of the aforementioned disciplines. However, the authors’ main focus is on theoretical and organizational assumptions of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport, an organization founded in 2009. The society’s main objectives are to unite the particular social sciences of sport in one organized and scientific body (while maintaining the existing differences between the sciences); to enable the annual debate and exchange of views on the substantive and methodological matters; as well as to provide joint scientific publications connected with common work of the group and with the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research. The authors discuss the research and publishing activities of the Polish Society for Social Sciences of Sport, introducing the organization as an example of any future organization that could cooperate with the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport.
New national and international societies that examine sports have been created and developed in Europe as well as on other continents. These societies, which examine the complex phenomena, issues, and questions concerning sports as seen from the different scientific points of view, are rooted in two main research directions: the natural sciences on the one hand, and the social sciences on the other. The authors of the paper point to the significant and ongoing development of the social sciences of sport. In particular, the authors discuss the development of the sociology of sport, philosophy of sport, psychology of sport, pedagogy of sport, history of physical culture, sports and Olympics, the organization and management of sport, social and cultural foundations of tourism and recreation, social relationships associated with sports training and tactics, as well as the humanistic theories of Eastern martial arts. The authors have listed several national, continental, and international scientific organizations that unite representatives of the aforementioned disciplines. However, the authors’ main focus is on theoretical and organizational assumptions of the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport, an organization founded in 2009. The society’s main objectives are to unite the particular social sciences of sport in one organized and scientific body (while maintaining the existing differences between the sciences); to enable the annual debate and exchange of views on the substantive and methodological matters; as well as to provide joint scientific publications connected with common work of the group and with the journal Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research. The authors discuss the research and publishing activities of the Polish Society for Social Sciences of Sport, introducing the organization as an example of any future organization that could cooperate with the International Society for the Social Sciences of Sport.
The article presents the attitudes towards sustainable tourism represented by UNWTO, WTTC and the European Union as well as the bodies of tourism policy in Poland. The essence of sustainable tourism has been presented including its features and principles summarized in the slogan “Sustainable tourism: one goal for many entities”.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania poświęconego raportowaniu na temat założeń, osądów i szacunków w sprawozdaniach finansowych spółek wchodzących w skład indeksu WIG-20. Celem badania była analiza sposobu i zakresu prezentacji informacji w rocznych sprawozdaniach finansowych. W ramach badania analizie poddano miejsce prezentacji informacji, zawartość wstępnej informacji o oszacowaniach i osądach oraz zakres i jakość prezentowanej informacji na temat zidentyfikowanych obszarów osądów i szacunków w sprawozdaniach finansowych. Z przeprowadzonego badania wynika, że we wszystkich przeanalizowanych sprawozdaniach finansowych uwzględniono informacje na temat szacunków oraz osądów przyjmowanych na potrzeby ich sporządzenia. Spółki prezentują bardzo ogólne i podobne wstępne informacje na temat szacunków i osądów. Podobne obszary są uznawane za szczególnie podlegające osądom i szacunkom przez większość spółek, jednak są one wyodrębniane w sprawozdaniach finansowych z różną szczegółowością. Opisy zidentyfikowanych obszarów osądów i szacunków prezentowane przez spółki są zróżnicowane – zarówno pod względem objętości, jak i jakości.
EN
The article presents the results of the research devoted to reporting on accounting estimates, assumptions and discretionary judgements in financial statements by public companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange. The aim of the research was the analysis of the scope and content of disclosures in consolidated annual reports. The analysis included the place of presentation of information, the contents of the preliminary information on the estimates and judgments and the scope and quality of the presented information on identified areas of judgments and estimates in the financial statements. The results of the research indicate that all financial reports included information on the estimates and judgments made for the purpose of the their preparation. Companies present a very general and similar preliminary information on estimates and judgments. Similar areas are considered particularly subject to judgments and estimates by the majority of companies, however, they presented in more detail by some companies than the others. Descriptions of the identified areas of judgments and estimates presented by the company are diverse – both in terms of scope and quality.
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The very description of the „starting point” needs plenty of explanations, let alone its choice for a given science. Whereas „articulation and choice of a starting point (…) is already taking a position respecting a given subject and determining the direction of further dealing”27. You cannot avoid taking a position, because in order to practice any science, a way of dealing should be taken. Stating point is a place that in a way impinges on the further scientific work, on achieving its goal, so each researcher has to define it (more or less directly). We tried to show in this article that each research, each scientific action has its starting point – even if we verbally define it differently (beginning, basic sentences, starting line, genesis…).
Wodociągi Kieleckie Sp. z o.o. obchodzą w tym roku 85-lecie istnienia. To nowoczesne przedsiębiorstwo wodociągowo-kanalizacyjne obsługuje 230 tysięcy mieszkańców. W ostatnich latach spółka zmodernizowała oczyszczalnię ścieków, zbudowała Stację Termicznej Utylizacji Osadów Ściekowych, uzyskała certyfikat ISO. Obecnie realizuje jedną z największych inwestycji ekologicznych w Polsce.
EN
Wodociągi Kieleckie Sp. z o.o. celebrate their 85th anniversary this year. This state-of-the-art water supply and sewage treatment company works for 230 thousand users. In recent years, the company upgraded its water treatment plant, built a Sewage Sludge Thermal Tratment Station and was awarded an ISO certificate. The company is currently implementing the largest environment protection infrastructural project in Poland.
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Zintegrowany system transportu regionalnego obejmuje publiczny transport pasażerski i transport towarów przy wykorzystaniu środków transportu kolejowego, drogowego, lotniczego i śródlądowego transportu wodnego. Zasadniczym celem projektu było przygotowanie założeń do programu rozwoju komunikacji i infrastruktury transportowej Dolnego Śląska. W artykule omówiono m.in.: strategiczne cele programu rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej, uwarunkowania zewnętrzne systemu transportowego województwa, elementy systemu transportu regionalnego w zakresie identyfikacji potrzeb przewozowych oraz analizy i prognozy stanu liniowej i punktowej infrastruktury transportowej województwa, metodologię oceny programu rozwoju systemu transportowego z punktu widzenia ekonomiczno-społecznego i ekologii i bezpieczeństwa.
EN
Integrated regional transportation system contains public passenger transport and cargo transport realized by means of rail, road, air, and waterborne transport. The fundamental target of the project was to establish the assumptions of development program of communication and transportation infrastructure for Lower Silesia. In the paper strategic targets of the program of transportation infrastructure development are discussed and elements of transportation regional system (i.e. identification of transportation needs, analysis and prognosis of linear and point infrastructure state) are shown. Also methodology of the system development program evaluation is discussed while economical, social, ecology and safety is taking into consideration.
Alternative storm water management measures meet with growing interest in creating the landscape of urban spaces. Apart from their undeniable aesthetic qualities we also pay attention to their versatility, especially in the context of sustainable water management and protection against local inundation. Solutions such as green roofs, rain gardens, storage ponds, stepped swales or a properly designed green belts along the roads are kind of "oasis" that can collect and store rainwater in a in face of increasingly severe periodic excesses or deficiencies in the water. These features may decide on their usefulness in citizens' adaptation to ongoing climate change and reducing influence of the urban areas on the floodability.
W artykule przedstawiono zagrożenie wybuchem jakie może występować podczas napylania farby proszkowej we wnętrzu kabiny. Analizę zagrożenia wybuchem przeprowadzono w oparciu o teorię niezawodności uzyskania jakości wykonania powłoki ochronnej na powierzchni przedmiotu obrabianego. W oparciu o przeprowadzoną identyfikację zagrożenia wybuchem i wstępną ocenę konsekwencji, wyznaczono funkcję intensywności wybuchu X (!) w zbiorze nr - lvch kabin. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy określono podstawowe cele których realizacja ma zapewnić zmniejszenie ryzyka wybuchu w procesie napylania.
EN
The article presents the threat of explosion that may occur during spraying coating powder inside the cabin. The analysis of explosion threat was conducted in reference to theory of reliability of obtaining the production quality of protective layer on the surface of the workpiece. Deriving from the conducted identification of explosion threat and initial assessment of the consequences, one has established the function of explosion intensity X (t) in the set of m cabins. On I lie basis of the conducted analysis the basic objectives have been established; the objectives the realization of which is to ensure decreasing of explosion risk in the process of spraying.
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The material subject of the paper is the philosophy of sustainable development, which was presented on the basis of the Brundtland Report. Yet, the formal subject are the Enlightenment assumptions of the strategy elaborated in this report. The purpose of the paper is to reconstruct and characterize these assumptions as constitutive elements of the philosophy of the Brundtland Report. At the beginning of the first part of the paper the state and main directions of the research on the philosophy of sustainable development conducted in Poland were discussed (the country where such discussion is exceptionally extensive). Based on the recounted characteristics, it was described as a version of the Enlightenment philosophy, and new arguments were provided to confirm this thesis. The second part of the paper presents the Enlightenment assumptions of the Brundtland Report. The discussion was limited to the assumptions of anthropology, social philosophy and historiosophy, such as human rationality, progress, and risk.
PL
Przedmiotem materialnym referatu jest filozofia zrównoważonego rozwoju, którą przedstawiono na podstawie Raportu Brundtland. Przedmiotem formalnym są natomiast oświeceniowe założenia strategii rozwiniętej w tym raporcie. Celem referatu jest rekonstrukcja i charakterystyka tych przesłanek jako elementów konstytutywnych filozofii Raportu Brundtland. Na początku pierwszej części referatu omówiono stan i główne kierunki badań prowadzonych w Polsce nad filozofią zrównoważonego rozwoju (w kraju, w którym ta dyskusja jest wyjątkowo bogata). Na podstawie zreferowanych charakterystyk opisano ją jako wersję filozofii oświeceniowej i dostarczono nowych argumentów na potwierdzenie tej tezy. W drugiej części referatu przedstawiono oświeceniowe przesłanki Raportu Brundtland. Omówienie ograniczono do założeń z zakresu antropologii, filozofii społecznej i historiozofii, jak: racjonalność człowieka, postęp, ryzyko.
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