Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

FROM POWERTY TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION

100%

Dzambazovic R. , Gerbery D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2005

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tom 37

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nr 2

143-176

EN

The term 'social exclusion' dominates both the discussions and fight against poverty in the European Union. It has entered the Slovak politics as an imported notion and is utilised without any expert and public discussion. The aim of this study is to draw the attention to the process of conceptualisation regarding social exclusion. The authors clarify differences as well as social aspects of the academic and political discourse on poverty and social exclusion in Western European countries. Furthermore, they describe and explain the content of the concepts and how the term's content changes in relation to time (the old and the new poverty) and context (science versus politics). The political denotation and impacts of social exclusion is also analysed. This contribution offers an overview of various facets of social exclusion and possibilities of their operationalisation.

2

Housing policy towards poverty and social exclusion

80%

Zaniewska H.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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tom 33

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nr 11-12(392-393)

33-35

EN

The article presents outcomes of analyses and own research on the impact of social and economic transformation on housing. The transformation affected vulnerable groups for which access to housing has been restricted and differentiated housing situation and conditions in Polish society. Such a situation manifests itself in overcrowded flats (mainly small ones) and low housing quality. It could be described by criteria and features of housing poverty that by law should be counteracted by local government (gmina). However, problems of housing needs of the poor remain unsolved.

3

Analysis of effectiveness of cooperation between the state and non-government organisations in combating poverty and social exclusion

80%

Broda-Wysocki P.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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tom 33

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nr 11-12(392-393)

EN

The period of spontaneous social action is already passing. At present more professional action is acquiring significance. They require the different infrastructure of both personnels as well as different legal tools and financial housemaids of effective activity as well as the interaction between all sorts subjects. In Poland a system aptness was created for action of this type. The text consists of two parts. In first they analysed accessible materials and documents concerning the interaction of charter organizations with public and self-government institutions of different rank. System putting up the activity of this type was also in short reconstructed. In the second part research findings of own concerning beloveds of action were presented (8 initiatives were examined). In this action every single time a collaboration of different partners, focussed around was evident, of problems of social expelling. Examinations were carried out on the land of entire Poland. Conclusions are finishing the whole. One from actual in this context of matters a necessity of hierarchical examining grassroots initiatives seems to be. On the split level of the given activity because it is differently perceived by very actors of action.

4

Private Care as the Factor Leading to Social Exclusion of Guardians

80%

Markowska M. J.

Polityka Społeczna

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2008

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tom 35

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nr 8(413)

13-20

EN

Because of the change in demographic structure there are more and more elderly people in Poland. They develop illnesses common in old age. From Alzheimer's disease suffer about 250 thousands of people in Poland. Each one, according to the phase of the disease should be provided with round-the-clock supervision. The vast majority of caregivers in our country are family members. However, the time of caregiving becomes for the guide a time of gradual removal from the society. It weakens guardian's bounds with other members of the family, make them resign from taking part in political, social and cultural life as well as causes a considerable aggravation of mental and physical health. Lack of efficient help system excludes and marginalise guardians.

5

Fighting poverty and social exclusion as part of policies implemented at the local government level

80%

Bledowski P. , Kubicki P.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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tom 33

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nr 11-12(392-393)

36-38

EN

The article summarizes research results concerning policies implemented at local government level aimed at preventing and combating social exclusion and poverty. Findings of research have confirmed the main thesis that activities of the local government in this field should be regarded as not very effective. This is mainly caused by concentration of resources for helping those in deep exclusion. Additionally, the scope of assistance per an excluded person and his or her family usually does not allow for a meaningful improvement of their situation and for leaving exclusion.

6

ROMA, SCHOOL AND DISCRIMINATION (Romowie, szkola i dyskryminacja / O Rroma, i skola thaj i diskriminacia)

80%

Balvin J.

Studia Romologica

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2008

|

tom 1

73-88

EN

The essential issue regarding transformation of the Roma minority is to combat poverty and social exclusion. However the primary goal should be social inclusion of the Roma minority into the majority of population. It is a matter of changes on the system level, where the formation and education of the Roma pupils play an important role. The requisites of this process are: a) Categorical objection to the Roma pupils being qualified as mentally retarded on the sole account of them inhabiting a socially excluded areas. b) Categorical objection to the IQ tests which gauge the intelligence based on the majority culture. c) Application in the Roma pupils' teaching of modern methods that would develop the Roma pupil's personality together with its Romani aspects. d) Integration in the Roma pupils' teaching of their own culture, represented by the Roma authors and authorities who have the understanding of the Roma culture - both cognitively and emotionally. e) The need to react to malign theories that disavow the Roma culture and history and impair the right of the Roma to their own national identity and self-determination. These stances will provide a viable support also in dealing with exigent social difficulties of the Roma community and in efforts preventing their social exclusion. They will be instrumental in restraining of the Roma pupil's discrimination at school.

7

Social exclusion: social groups on the periphery during the transitional period

80%

Jasz K.

Ter es Tarsadalom (Space and Society)

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2004

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tom 18

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nr 3

43-56

EN

The author reviews the most important sociological schools that could be considered as a theoretical background for the examination of social exclusion. She also examines the process of elaborating social indicators that can be used for measuring exclusion. Furthermore, the study follows the shaping of the situation of socially excluded groups during the last one and a half decades after the change of the regime. She stresses the need of reform in socio-political planning on a regional level.

8

Social Occupation a Chance for People Facing Life Standards below Acceptable Norms?

80%

Szymanowska J.

Polityka Społeczna

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2008

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tom 35

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nr 4(409)

9-12

EN

Less than acceptable life standards have recently become one of the most important and talked about issues facing the average family. Social occupation has recently been regarded as the main remedy for this problem. The article presents an attempt to show the possibilities of carrier and public reintegration for people otherwise excluded from such services provided by the centers of public integration

9

Nedobrovolná bezdětnost jako sociologické téma

80%

Slepickova L.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 5

937-951

EN

While fertility rates in Western countries are low and the number of people who will remain voluntarily childless is increasing, more and more couples are seeking medical treatment for infertility. Fertility problems transcend the boundaries of medicine and challenge the traditional positivistic understanding of health and illness and the authority of scientific and objective medicine. The circumstances for coping with infertility are not universal and depend instead on the given society and on cultural values. Studying infertility means studying every important institution of our society: the institutions of marriage and the family, the institution of parenthood, medicine, and so on. While American and other Western social scientists have studied social aspects of infertility for many years, in the Czech Republic the topic remains the domain of medicine. This article focuses on basic concepts employed in the study of infertility and involuntary childlessness in sociology. It presents and summarises relevant concepts such as stigmatisation, social exclusion, identity problems, and gender differences in the response to infertility. It presents the debate over explaining the terms of infertility and (involuntary and voluntary) childlessness. It shows how the position of involuntary childlessness has been changing as the problem has increasingly come to be dealt with in medical terms and as high-tech medical treatments for infertility have been developed. Finally, the article opens up the topic for debate and raises the question of potential methods of research.

10

Health and disease vs poverty and social exclusion

80%

Sowa A.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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tom 33

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nr 11-12(392-393)

16-20

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse relations between poverty, social exclusion and health status of the Polish population in a context of health inequalities research that is common in Western Europe. Significant differences in health status by sex and age as well as socio-economic status are observable. The latter ones are related to expenditures level and unemployment. Another factors that strongly differentiate health status are social networks and social support from the closest ones. Health inequalities in longevity and morbidity on selected diseases (TB) between regions are driven mainly by unemployment level in regions.

11

Educational system, poverty and social exclusion

80%

Tarkowska E. , Gorniak K. , Kalbarczyk A.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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tom 33

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nr 11-12(392-393)

29-33

EN

The article presents the outcomes of a research study on the ways schools and the system of education in Poland in general approaches poverty and pupils from poor families. The research shows the Polish school as oriented towards satisfaction of current needs of poor children, such as free meals, rather than on long term, developmental ones. In the light of gathered data the Polish school is not a place of social integration and does not teach the values of equality and human solidarity. It also does not support the process of education of poor children and youth. Its certain features (domination of teaching function over upbringing and child care, overly large classes and schools etc.) and practices (segregation, labelling stigmatisation, exclusion) are especially disadvantageous for poor children and youngsters.

12

Potenciální finanční nedostupnost nájemního bydlení po deregulaci nájemného – regionální perspektiva

80%

Mikeszova M. , Lux M. , Morisseau A.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2009

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tom 45

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nr 2

315-344

EN

The article deals with an analysis of regional differences in rental housing affordability following rent deregulation in the Czech Republic. The objective is to identify the types of households potentially at risk of being unable to afford housing, to map the development of potential housing (un)affordability since 2000, and to trace the development of regional differences in the percentage of at-risk households in the Czech Republic. Owing to the absence of useful aggregate data on incomes and expenditures for different household types in the regions of the Czech Republic, the authors created their own simulation methodology for measuring housing affordability, which uses available regional wage statistics and data on market rents. The results indicate that the general risk of being unable to afford rental housing and regional differences in housing affordability are both decreasing, but there is still a relatively large group of households that under current wage conditions for paying social benefits would be unable to afford to pay market rents.

13

Depryvatsiinyi pidkhid do sotsial’noho samopochuttia naselennia

70%

Yeleiko M.

Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)

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2011

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nr 1

127-146

EN

It is proposed to consider social feelings in societies transformed through the prism of social deprivation. The author treats an approach to fixation of social feeling (Ye. Golovakha, N. Panina) constructed on the basis of rational-factual judgments concerning sufficiency or insufficiency of material and nonmaterial weals as the deprivational one. The social deprivation is always understood as inequality of access to social weals, as well as the condition caused by such limitation. The scale of such a phenomenon consequences depends on its extension and character. Then one should delimit such kinds of social deprivation as relative, absolute and multiples ones. One of the advantages of the deprivation approaches is a possibility not only to measure out social feelings of the population, but also to fix the structure of urgent and most intense social needs and to distinguish the groups of social exclusion. The article includes as an example a brief survey of some socio-demographic groups which for some reasons or others do not feel themselves as those integrated in the society.

14

Vnitřní periferie v České republice jako mechanismus sociální exkluze

70%

Musil J.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2008

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tom 44

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nr 2

321-348

EN

Peripheral regions are most often described in terms of economic geography. However, this study stresses more the sociological aspects of peripheries, studying not only the causes, but also the social effects of life in peripheral regions. The authors use the term 'inner peripheries' because most of the peripheral regions detected in their analyses are located in the inner parts of the country, mainly along the borders of the administrative regions (kraje). Their approach combines the concept of the life world (espace vecu) as defined by A. Fremont and A. Giddens when describing the social and cultural consequences of living in peripheries, and a modified version of G. Myrdal's theory of cumulative circular causation when trying to explain the origin and growth of peripheries. In the Czech Republic inner peripheries are usually the peripheral zones of metropolitan areas and regional centre areas. In the mid-1990s population numbers stopped declining in some peripheries as a result of suburbanisation processes, but in other peripheries depopulation processes continued. This last category of inner peripheries can be described as the hard core of Czech peripheral regions and in the authors' opinion they warrant the development of specific regional policy measures, stressing the creation of new jobs, the improvement of public transport, greater accessibility of service centres, and co-operation among communities.

15

HE DYNAMICS OF RELIGIOUSNESS AMONG THE ROMA IN SLOVAKIA - A ROAD TO INTEGRATION OR SOCIAL EXCLUSION? (Dynamika religijnosci Romow na Slowacji - droga ku integracji czy wykluczeniu spolecznemu?)

70%

Podolinska T. , Hrustic T.

Studia Romologica

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2011

|

tom 4

125-151

EN

(Title in Roma language: Kaj lizal e Rromen i dinamika lenqere religiozitetaqeri dr-e Slovakia - karing-i integracia val karing jekh nevo socialo avrichudipen?). The article presents the results of a research conducted by a group of Slovak researchers in the SIRONA 2010 project. Various spheres of life of Roma people influenced by the activity of registered and unofficial churches, religious groups and communities, have been put under analysis. The analysis, based on the indicators of social integration (WIS), referred to the changes affecting Roma societies subject to religious activity. The quality of social networks within the communities was examined, followed by the interpretation of their pro-integrative (pro-inclusive) or pro-exclusive potential.

16

THEATRE IN THE CONTEXT OF POVERTY, POVERTY IN THE CONTEXT OF THEATRE. THE ISSUE OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION DEMONSTRATED ON PSOTA [POVERTY], PRODUCTION OF PÔTOŇ THEATRE

70%

Knopová E.

Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 3

260 – 280

EN

Pôtoň Theatre started out as an amateur ensemble, but over time, it has evolved into an independent professional theatre. Right from the outset, it has been operating in Levice region, in a nationally and denominationally mixed territory, rich in turning points in history and also in constant social changes which have had a profound impact upon the poetics of its theatre professionals and on its crucial themes. The ramifications of various reprisal measures (for instance, the so-called Beneš decrees) and the 20th century transformation processes (new stratification of society and a marked weakening of the farming life or centrally managed industrial life in the region after 1989) have dramatically and permanently changed the fates of the inhabitations of the region and their ordinary lives. Documentary-oriented form of the theatre with a distinct social message which is shaped in the process of own field research, has become a unique method of production of Pôtoň Theatre largely thanks to the environment, in which it is based.

17

SOCIALLY EXCLUDED COMMUNITIES AND THE INCLUSIVE LABOUR MARKET IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

70%

Priesol R.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2021

|

tom 69

|

nr 10

1062 – 1084

EN

In this paper, we construct a computable general equilibrium model of the Slovak economy to evaluate an impact of different types of inclusive programmes on an economic performance. Furthermore, we apply individual microeconomic data to identify socially excluded communities and place them in the inclusive labour market in a form of inclusive employers or social enterprises. While the first ones operate as standard producers with additional subventions from government, the latter ones are explicitly designed for the employment of socially excluded communities. Our results show that both types of inclusive programmes help to reduce structural unemployment and improve potential production in the Slovak economy. While the application of the inclusive employers leads to a better improvement of potential production, in line with a higher productivity of production factors, the application of the social enterprises leads to a more significant reduction in structural unemployment, due to an absence of social dumping on the domestic labour market.

18

ESCAPING THE LABYRINTH OF ROMA POLITICAL REPRESENTATION. REFLECTIONS ON COMMON CITIZENSHIP

70%

Cortés Gómez I.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 4

436 – 451

EN

The paper reconstructs the genesis of contemporary debates on Roma rights in Europe, from the early 1990s up to now. It focuses on official documents and key experts’ opinions, within the context of the fall of State-Socialism and the consequent Europeanization of Human Rights. The assemblage of texts analysed here constitutes a complex field that embraces a multiplicity of institutions, individuals and discourses. In this field, texts are principle instruments of influencing and ruling politics, and they crystalize a complex process of policy institutionalization. By doing institutional discourse analysis, this paper examines the genesis of EU Roma policies pointing out two core antinomies: a) the ethnicity blind liberal concept of individual emancipation has proved to reproduce interethnic inequality, due to its incapacity to counter deeply root anti gypsyism as a mechanism of social exclusion. b) The ethno-communitarian concept of collective emancipation has revealed the limits of civic initiatives based on NGO-networks, while power differentials in democratic elected bodies and public institutions continue to be unaddressed. To overcome such antinomies, the paper explores different political scenarios, to enable pathways for Roma equality by enacting processes of common citizenship.

19

Sociální vyloučení (exkluze) a sociální začlenování (inkluze) – koncepty, diskurz, agenda

60%

Mares P. , Sirovatka T.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2008

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tom 44

|

nr 2

271-294

EN

EU programme documents designed to influence the social policies of the member states are filled with concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. This paper aims to clarify these concepts as they are employed in academic and public policy discourse and to discuss the societal function of this discourse and the impact of the European agenda of social inclusion. The authors show that although concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion are far from straightforward in meaning, their influence on public policy discourse and agenda is evident. The reason is that they redirect social policy towards a multidimensional approach, towards balancing rights and obligations, and towards more complex but also local and individualised policies, though the corresponding discourse bears the normative features of a social 'vision'. The EU's social policy agenda exhibits aspirations towards and some potential for achieving real policy change. On the other hand, there are reservations about its true impact. In this respect, the specific societal and political context of its implementation plays a crucial role.

20

POROVNANIE ALTERNATÍVNYCH PRíSTUPOV K ODHADU INDIVIDUÁLNEHO BLAHOBYTU DOMÁCNOSTÍ OHROZENÝCH RIZIKOM CHUDOBY

60%

Želinský T.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 3

251-270

EN

Choice of a proper approach to individual welfare measurement is an important element of poverty measurement process. The aim of the paper is to develop simple measures of individual welfare. Two alternative approaches to individual welfare estimation by direct method are used. The first approach is based on furnishings of households by goods of long-term consumption. The second approach is based on the structure of households' expenses. Index of households' furnishings and index of expenses structure are proposed. Levels of the poorest households' welfare in Eastern Slovakia (mainly of Roma ethnic origin) are then compared. The sample consists of 170 households from Eastern Slovakia participating in micro savings program of ETP Slovakia. Values of indices are in close relation to equivalent disposable income. The proposed indices may serve as supplementary measures of individual welfare of households.