Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ON RATIONALITY OF SUICIDE (Racjonalnosc instrumentalna samobójstwa)

100%

Stepnik A.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2009

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nr 48

101-108

EN

The text is a discussion with Roman Piotr Godlewski's argument against rationality of suicide, comprised in his article Ontological Mistake of Suicide. The autrhor tries to bring the tacit premises of his argument out and demonstrate that the premises are questionable. The objection of his consideration is to prove that Godlewski's argument is inconclusive and suicide can be rational (in instrumental sense).

2

DEATH BY CHOICE IN INDIAN RELIGIONS

100%

Sieradzan J.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2006

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tom 7

115-123

EN

The article discusses Old Indian sources - Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist - which raise an issue of suicide and voluntary death of a realized ascetic, understood as the fulfillment of life full of sacrifice. Also, the paper presents contemporary opinions on that subject. The author understands the notion of euthanasia in its contemporary understanding (as assisting in another person's death) and as typical for these religions way of realization: the decision about 'good death' made by a vigorous ascetic. Also, the author cites contemporary Buddhists' opinions connected with that issue.

3

THE SPECTRUM OF ATTITUDES TO DEATH IN PERSONS AFFLICTED BY ANOREXIA (Spektrum postaw wobec smierci u osob z anoreksja)

100%

Starzomska M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2009

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tom 53

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nr 1

185-202

EN

Anorexia nervosa is a grave psychiatric illness characterized by a distorted body image which triggers intensive self-starvation and - as a consequence - significantly diminished body weight. It can be fatal: the mortality rate is thought to be between 4% and 20%. The very essence of this eating disorder is a categorical refusal to be cured in conjunction with a profound denial of illness. The most peculiar aspect of anorexia nervosa that may account for the denial of illness and the difficulty patients have in accepting treatment is egosyntonicity. It means that the illness is highly valued by afflicted individuals and it is inextricably linked with their sense of identity. Thus this illness is existential. Some researchers describe anorexia nervosa as suicide, but the anorexic understanding of death seems to be more complicated. If anorexia is, for the patient, an avenue to a worthwhile life, then, giving up anorexia - gaining weight - can mean giving up the reason for living. Therefore the refusal of eating that in another patient might look suicidal, may for the anorexic patient be the only way of life. The article analyses various aspects of anorexic attitudes to death.

4

REASONS WHY SOCRATES WANTED TO DIE FANATICISM, WISDOM, EUTHANASIA OR SUICIDE. (Powody , dla których Sokrates chcial umrzec. Fanatyzm, madrosc, eutanazja badz samobyjstwo)

100%

Sieradzan J.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2009

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tom 10

5-19

EN

Both in ancient sources and present-day commentaries we can find many evaluations of Socrates' behavior in court. According to some researchers his behavior contributed towards his death sentence. The article presents a review of standpoints, and tries to answer the question, why did Socrates want to die? Some consider Socrates' attitude as fanatical, others believe his stubbornness in court was suicidal. However, one seems certain: if he had not died a voluntary but violent death, he would not have become so interesting and would not have been considered a crucial figure in the history of philosophy. It seems that Socrates did not regard philosophy as an activity separated from life. He believed his methods of training your mind and reflecting upon a sense of life carried an important message: life is not the most precious value and you should not hold on to it at all costs.

5

Champion of Bioethics, Euthanasia and Suicide

88%

Sahaj T.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2006

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tom 15

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nr 1(57)

149-167

EN

The paper presents Kotarbinski's views on finality and contingency of human life. The author tries to relate Kotarbinski's philosophical arguments to his personal preferences and opinions in order to offer a better understanding of his idea of 'secular ethics'. The main finding reported in the paper is that Kotarbinski wanted to adopt a position that was thoroughly rational. Consequently he strived to emphasize the importance of human sense of life and the need for a broad conception of liberty.

6

SUICIDE IN THE IN THE VIEW OF CHRISTIAN ETHICS AND ITS SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES (Samobójstwo w ocenie etyki chrzescijanskiej i jej spoleczno-prawne konsekwencje)

88%

Raniszewska-Wyrwa A.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2009

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tom 10

21-44

EN

The issue of suicide is almost as old as the history of mankind, as origins of suicide may date back to the time when man realised that he was not only able to take animals' and other humans' lives, but also that he could take his own life. While exploring the issue of suicide, researchers concentrate on its various aspects, rendering it possible to specify a few basic directions, in the scope of which analyses are conducted. Among them is the philosophic-theological direction which concentrates mainly on ontological basis of human existence, the possibility of having life at one's own disposal, and possible moral assessment of self-destructive actions. Discussion concerning the issue of suicide has a very rich historical tradition, origins of which probably date as far back as the source of philosophic-theological reflection. The article presents the shaping of the relation of Christian ethics towards suicidal actions and the influence of moral assessment of such actions on the social and legal sanctions directed at people who committed suicide and their circles.

7

Social integration, culture, deviance. The impact of religion on suicide in Hungary

88%

Moksony F. , Hegedus R.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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2006

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tom 16

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nr 4

3-18

EN

The research reported in this paper tested two major claims made by Emile Durkheim more than one hundred years ago: first, that Protestants are more likely to commit suicide than Catholics, and second, that this greater vulnerability of Protestants to self-destruction is due to their lower level of social integration. Of these two statements our results confirmed the first but not the second: while Protestants have preserved - despite the profound historic changes that took place during the last several decades - their increased susceptibility to suicide, the explanation Durkheim proposed was inconsistent with many of our findings. First, contrary to what Durkheim's ideas would lead us to expect, including church attendance as a control variable did not make denominational differences disappear; in fact, it made them even stronger. And second, we found interaction effects that were hard to reconcile with Durkheim's theory: while this theory would predict religious differences to decline with increasing attachment to the church community, what actually happened was just the reverse: as the degree of social integration, measured by church attendance, increased, the gap between Protestants and Catholics widened.Therefore, it seems that in order to explain the impact of social integration on suicide, or on deviant behavior in general, we should not focus exclusively on the role it plays in reducing loneliness or individualism but also on the role it plays in conveying specific norms, values and behavior patterns. This would not only facilitate a more complete understanding of how social integration works, but would also help connect two distinct branches of theories of deviance: control theory and subculture theory.

8

CAUSAL ANALYTIC METHODS IN SOCIOLOGY: A COMPARISON OF THE SIMON-BLALOCK METHOD AND THE METHODS OF DURKHEIM’S LE SUICIDE

88%

Hanzel I.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2017

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tom 49

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nr 3

243 – 264

EN

The article analyses the methods employed in causal reasoning in sociology, which can be viewed as analytic. As a paradigmatic example of these methods, the Simon-Blalock method is examined. First, those characteristics of a method of science that turn it into an analytic method are delineated. Then the article offers a general characteristic of methods of causal reasoning as employed in sociology and shows why they can be viewed as being analytic by their very nature. Finally, the article shows how Durkheim combined analytic methods applied to egoistic suicide with nonanalytic methods in his causal reasoning about this type of suicide.

9

SUBVERTING RESILIENCE IN THE PSYCHIATRIC WARD: FINDING THE GOOD DEATH IN MIRIAM TOEWS’S ALL MY PUNY SORROWS

88%

López-Serrano L.

World Literature Studies

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2023

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tom 15

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nr 2

44 – 55

EN

This article posits that Miriam Toews’s All My Puny Sorrows (2014) introduces a critique of how neoliberal visions of resilience have permeated medical discourses on mental health, resulting in a perceived moral imperative over the patient to improve, which the author counters with a model of resilience firmly rooted in interdependence and the social potential of vulnerability. Toews’s focus on the narrator Yolandi’s struggle with the aftermath of her sister’s suicide also troubles the concept of resilience by introducing the idea of assisted suicide as a possible iteration of a “good death”, completely circumventing any possibility of recovery or adaptation. What holds the key for Yolandi’s recovery and happiness, Toews seems to imply, is accepting her sister’s rejection of resilience as a viable option.

10

Hodnocení suicidality v biblicko-křesťanské tradici

88%

Šrajer J.

Studia theologica

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2008

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tom 10

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nr 2

1-14

EN

The paper reflects the classification of suicide in the context of the biblical-Christian tradition. It shows that the ultimate condemnation of suicide does not occur in the Bible. It presents the condemnation/denunciation of suicide by Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. Finally it deals with ecclesiastic-Christian praxis towards suicide, where taboo and pre-Christian elements are quoted. But recently there has been an evident tendency to a more differentiated and humane attitude towards the classification of suicide or more precisely those who commit it and their environment.

11

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL CORRELATES OF SUICIDE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

88%

Dzurova D. , Ruzicka L. , Dragomirecka E.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2006

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tom 42

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nr 3

557-571

EN

In this article the authors review the trends and differentials in mortality from self-inflicted injury and poisoning in the Czech Republic between the early 1970s and the present in terms of their socio-economic and demographic associations. They describe the sources of data on suicide and explore the possible extent of under-reporting of deaths from suicide, and they examine the differences in suicide incidence by age and sex. With the decline in mortality from suicide, the male/female ratio of suicide rates increased from about 2.6 in the early 1970s to around 4.0 in recent years. Suicide rates increase steadily with age, and this pattern did not noticeably change during the period reviewed. The agespecific suicide rates of older men and women declined more than the rates for younger people. As in other societies, married men and women have the lowest suicide rates; in contrast, divorce puts both men and women at the greatest risk of suicide. The authors attempt to investigate the social correlates of suicide by analysing the variation in suicide rates among districts in the Czech Republic and selected socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the district populations. Stepwise regression analysis is used to identify three independent variables that explain 50% of the variation in suicide rates among districts: the abortion ratio, the percentage of locally born population, and the percentage of adults with limited education.

12

Media, Death, Dialogue. Social and Media Values in the Discourse about the ‘Family’ Suicides in Bulgaria

75%

Kanev P.

Communication Today

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2015

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tom 6

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nr 2

98–110

EN

How media confront abnormal social trends speaks volumes about the prevailing social and journalism norms and values. Bleak economic and social conditions may give rise to suicides, which classical sociological theory views as a strong indicator of a society in a serious crisis and in need of reconstruction. Media coverage and especially comments on such grave events demonstrate the capacity and willingness of journalists to engage in a sensible communication on the issue, or attempt to divert the public’s attention from the crux of the matter. A value analysis is thus revealing of media’s motivation and the eventual outcome of its thorough or selective highlighting of an alarming situation. The study employs a qualitative type of content analysis to discover the willingness of media to engage in an honest dialogue on the larger picture. The conclusion is hardly optimistic: media in Bulgaria tend to eschew dialogue, provide narrow technocratic explanations of tragedies, developing insensitive blind spots for the wider reality, the social and the human, thus failing its mission. Since values change slowly and under the influence of long-term factors, this study provides an insight on the way cultivation forces have worked in the Bulgarian society and media.

13

Czy decydujemy o swojej śmierci?

75%

Jantos M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2014

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tom 42

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nr 3

171-185

EN

Along with intensively developing, life-prolonging medical technology, various issues arise related to the procedure of dying. May one give up life-sustaining therapy that is medically recommended but undesired by the patient? May one resign from making use of medical procedures (through something known as a living will or advance directive)? People do want to decide about the manner and the time of their own death but they are deprived of this right. Is a suicide committed with the help of a doctor morally justified? Should a medically supported suicide should be pennitted by law? The idea of a living will first appeared in Poland in public debate in 2008. In Polish law there is no prohibition against expressing consent for the future and it is treated as a classical declaration of the patient’s will. According to Article 9 of the European Convention on Bioethics, the physician is obliged to take into consideration the patient’s will expressed in advance. At present, the Polish health system is not capable of ensuring the implementation of a living will signed abroad. The Bill on the Amendment to the Act on Patient Rights and the Patient Rights Spokesman assume the possibility of implementing a living will created in another country. If a patient in New York has a bracelet with the inscription DNR (Do Not Resuscitate), doctors will not attempt to save his life at any cost. Shall the Polish Parliament introduce a similar form of deciding about one’s own life, namely so-called a living will?

14

THE DIFFICULT ART OF TRANSGRESSION. HAPPINESS IN THE THOUGHT OF ALBERT CAMUS (Trudna sztuka przekraczania. Szczescie w ujeciu Alberta Camusa)

75%

Sawicka J.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

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2010

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tom 11

51-62

EN

The aim of the article is to elucidate the problem of happiness in Albert Camus' reflexion. Analysing Camus' work, the author makes an attempt at finding out possible forms of affirmation of man in the world of indifference, illusion, nonsense and shows the way in which the Camus' man should choose to rejoice at his own existence. This way starts from an act of understanding the absurd, next it leads to a revolt, and finally arrives at the choice of real life and the experience of true happiness in deep connexions with other people.

15

Tradycja i historia w myśleniu Emila Ciorana

63%

Sawicki M.

Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne

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2011

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nr 2(3)

79-105

EN

Objective for this article is account the specificity of Cioran’s consideration on background of varied history scriptures. Firstly, will be to get a knowledge about his reflections on the beginning of the history manifested in the biblical tradition and in her quaint interpretation. Secondly, we will try to reveal the most natural character of the human being, which was somehow confirmation of visions gained from religion. Then we explore Cioran’s understanding of history and historiography, and also source of his fundamental categories of historiosophy. In the last part we would like to present his philosophy’s spirit in history project.