Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Degradability of organic-inorganic cellulose acetate butyrate hybrids in sea water

100%

Wojciechowska P. , Heimowska A. , Foltynowicz Z. , Rutkowska M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2011

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tom 13

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nr 2

29-34

EN

Environmental degradability of novel organic-inorganic cellulose acetate butyrate hybrids obtained via solgel process was investigated. The degradation of hybrids was studied under marine exposure conditions in the Baltic Sea for a period of 25 weeks. The influence of characteristic parameters of sea water on the degree of degradation monitored by changes of weight and optical microscopy was discussed. The degraded samples were also examined by FT-IR spectroscopy. It has been established that the CAB/silica hybrids are more susceptible to biodegradation in sea water environment than pure cellulose acetate butyrate.

2

Biodegradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) in natural water environments

88%

Heimowska A. , Morawska M. , Bocho-Janiszewska A.

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2017

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tom Vol. 19, nr 1

120--126

EN

The environmental degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone)[PCL] in natural fresh water (pond) and in The Baltic Sea is presented in this paper. The characteristic parameters of both environments were measured during experiment and their influence on the biodegradation of the samples was discussed. The loss of weight and changes of surface morphology of polymer samples were tested during the period of incubation. The poly(ε-caprolactone) was more biodegradable in natural sea water than in pond. PCL samples were completely assimilated over the period of six weeks incubation in The Baltic Sea water, but after forty two weeks incubation in natural fresh water the polymer weight loss was about 39%. The results have confirmed that the investigated polymers are susceptible to an enzymatic attack of microorganisms, but their activity depends on environments.

3

Investigation of the sewage pollution zone in the marine coastal waters by chemical and bacteriological indices

88%

Korzeniewski K. , Korzeniewska J.

Oceanologia

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1979

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tom 11

4

Influencing mechanisms of sodium hexametaphosphate on molybdenite flotation using sea water

88%

Wang L. , Li Y. , Fan R. , Fan R.

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2019

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tom Vol. 55, iss. 5

1091--1098

EN

Flotation using sea water has been considered as a promising alternative to concentrate molybdenite (MoS2) under alkaline conditions due to scarcity of fresh water and increasingly strict regulations on the quality of discharged water. However, the MoS2 recovery with sea water during flotation has not been satisfactory, owing to the depressing effects from the hydrophilic metallic species onto MoS2 surface. This study combines experimental and theoretical studies of MoS2 flotation to investigate how the physicochemical properties of MoS2 vary with the addition of a dispersant, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), and in sea and fresh water. Our experimental results show that the addition of SHMP during flotation has increased the recovery of MoS2, via reducing the adsorption of the hydrophilic metallic precipitation onto MoS2 surface. The DLVO calculation confirms that the addition of SHMP increases the floatability of MoS2 by dispersing the formed hydrophilic metallic precipitation (Mg(OH)2 colloids) from the MoS2 surface, via reversing attraction force to repulsion force, thereby improving MoS2 flotation recovery.

5

Bacteria in krill (Euphausia superba Dana) stomach

88%

Rakusa-Suszczewski S. , Zdanowski M. K.

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tom 28

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nr 1

6

Modelling the light absorption properties of particulate matter forming organic particles suspended in seawater. Part 2. Modelling results

88%

Wozniak B. , Wozniak S. B. , Tyszka K. , Ostrowska M. , Majchrowski R. , Ficek D. , Dera J.

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tom 47

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nr 4

7

Annual course of superficial water temperature in the Ezcurra Inlet, King George Island, Antarctica

88%

Gurgul H. , Stochmal W. , Szymczak W.

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1996

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tom 17

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nr 1-2

8

Water optical properties during upwelling events along the Hel Peninsula [the Baltic Sea]

88%

Matciak M. , Kaluzny M. , Gromisz S. , Kozlowski L. , Szymelfenig M.

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2005

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tom 34

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nr Suppl.2

9

Metody oceny środków pianotwórczych do gaszenia pożarów w portach morskich

75%

Rakowska J. , Radwan K. , Porycka B.

|

2015

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tom Nr 3

67--76

PL

Cel: Podczas akcji gaśniczych w portach morskich lub na statkach pianotwórcze środki gaśnicze stosuje się zazwyczaj z wodą morską. Skład wody morskiej znacznie różni się od składu wody wodociągowej. Wody słone zawierają znaczne ilości soli mineralnych, które mogą powodować niszczenie pian gaśniczych, zmniejszając skuteczność gaśniczą, co ma istotny wpływ na powodzenie akcji ratowniczej. Z uwagi na to środki pianotwórcze przeznaczone do stosowania z wodą morską powinny posiadać podwyższoną odporność na duże stężenie elektrolitów zawartych w wodzie zasolonej. Celem artykułu jest porównanie przydatności metod badania jakości środków pianotwórczych stosowanych do gaszenia pożarów przy użyciu wody zasolonej. Projekt i metody: W badaniach wykorzystano najczęściej stosowane w Europie metody badań środków pianotwórczych przeznaczonych do stosowania z wodą morską określone w normach PN-EN 1568 cz. 1–4, ISO 7203-1 i ISO 7203-3 w przepisach Międzynarodowej Organizacji Morskiej (IMO). W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości piany: liczby spienienia i szybkości wykraplania piany oraz skuteczności gaśniczej: czasu gaszenia i czasu nawrotu palenia trzech syntetycznych środków pianotwórczych (środki S1, S2 i S3) i jednego środka fluoroproteinowego (FP 4). Środki S1 i S3 były przeznaczone do stosowania tylko z wodą niezasoloną, natomiast środki S2 i FP4 były przeznaczone do użytkowania z wodą niezasoloną i morską. Wyniki: Badania, zarówno dla środków przeznaczonych do stosowania z wodą niezasoloną, jak i morską potwierdziły gorszą zdolność pianotwórczą i mniejszą trwałość piany wytworzonej z koncentratów przy zastosowaniu wody zasolonej. Gaszenie pożarów testowych przy zastosowaniu tych samych wydajności piany (11 l/min) jest trudniejsze w przypadku testów określonych w przepisach IMO niż w przypadku innych testów (m. in. ze względu na kształt tacy). Jednak jednoczesne zastosowanie trzech dysz i zwiększenie przez to intensywności podawania piany znacznie poprawia efektywność działań gaśniczych oraz umożliwia szybkie i skuteczne ugaszenie pożaru testowego opisanego w przepisach IMO. Wnioski: Jakość środków gaśniczych wykorzystywanych podczas akcji gaśniczych ma ogromny wpływ na efektywność działań gaśniczych. W portach morskich szczególnie istotna jest ich odporność na działanie słonej wody. Środek gaśniczy o odpowiedniej jakości, właściwie zastosowany, zwiększa bezpieczeństwo osób oraz umożliwia ograniczenie ekonomicznych i ekologicznych strat pożarowych.

EN

Aim: Fire extinguishing foam is usually combined with sea water during firefighting operations on a ship or at a seaport. The structure of sea water is different from fresh water. Sea water contains large quantities of mineral salts, which may cause the deterioration of extinguishing foam and consequently reduce the effectiveness of firefighting. For this reason foam intended for use in conjunction with sea water should contain a higher resistance to the high concentration of electrolytes contained in salt water. The purpose of this paper is to compare the suitability of testing methods for foam used in firefighting, which is mixed with sea water. Project and methods: This research project utilised the most commonly used methods in Europe for testing firefighting foam, which is mixed with sea water, specified in standards; PN-EN 1568, ISO 7203-1, ISO 7203-3 and regulations from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). The article reveals results from investigations dealing with foam quality for three synthetic foaming agents (S1, S2 and S3) and one fluoroprotein foam concentrate (FP4). Tests focussed on; foam creation, expansion ratio and drainage velocity, and extinguishing effectiveness. Two foaming agents (S1 and S3) can be mixed with freshwater only. Other agents (S2 and FP4) can be mixed with both, freshwater and sea water. Results: Tests, of agents intended to be mixed with fresh water as well as those designed for mixing with sea water confirmed an inferior production of foam, with a lower expansion ratio and reduced foam stability, for concentrates formulated with the use of sea water. Achievement of the flow rate identified in IMO regulations was more difficult during tests. However, a simultaneous application of three nozzles and an increase in the delivery intensity significantly increased the effectiveness of extinguishing operations and allowed for quick and successful extinguishing of test fires. Conclusions: The quality of extinguishing agents used during fire incidents has a large bearing on the effectiveness of firefighting. During operations at sea ports, extinguishing agents’ resistance to influences of sea water is of particular importance. An agent, of appropriate quality and suitably applied increases the safety of people and mitigates the economic as well as ecological losses attributable to fires.

10

Comparison of two spectrophotometric methods of chlorophyll “a” determination in the sea water samples

75%

Bekasova O. D. , Konovalov B. V. , Kosakowska A. , Kaczmarek S.

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tom 28

11

Evaluation of selected polarographic techniques for the determination of uranium in sea and inland waters

75%

Szefer P.

Oceanologia

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1981

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tom 13

12

On the possibility of application of a polarimetric method for determination of salinity in sea-water

75%

Zielinski A. , Kowalewska G. , Heldt J. , Szczepanski J.

Oceanologia

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1986

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tom 23

13

Long-term trends in mesozooplankton biomass development in the Southern Baltic

75%

Ciszewski P.

|

tom 22

14

The effect of pollutants of crude oil origin on the diffusive reflectance of the ocean

75%

Malachowski K. , Mrozek-Lejman J.

Oceanologia

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1986

|

tom 23

15

Light scattering in Baltic crude oil - seawater emulsion

75%

Stelmaszewski A. , Krol T. , Toczek H.

Oceanologia

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 3

405-414

EN

The paper discusses the scattering of radiation by a Baltic crude oil –sea water emulsion. The scattering spectrum calculated using the Mie solution in the spectral range from 380 nm to 730 nm is compared with the measured spectrum of light scattered through a right angle. Spectra in the wavelength range from 210 nm to 730 nm were measured using a spectrofluorimeter for fresh and stored samples of the Baltic crude oil emulsion. Scattering increases with wavelength in the UV range and then decreases slightly with the wavelength of visible light. The result of the calculation is similar to the measured spectra. Both the calculated and measured spectra display numerous relative extremes throughout the spectral area. Light scattering in the emulsion decreases during storage as the oil concentration in the medium diminishes. The results also demonstrate that the single scattering model describes the phenomenon correctly.

16

Spectral dependence of the correlation between the backscattering coefficient and the volume scattering function measured in the Southern Baltic Sea

75%

Freda W.

Oceanologia

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2012

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tom 54

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nr 3

EN

Direct measurements of the backscattering coefficient bb require the determination of the Volume Scattering Function (VSF) and its integration over a backward hemisphere. In sea water they are difficult and are therefore carried out very rarely. That is why the backscattering coefficient is much more frequently obtained with so-called single angle scattering meters: these operate by measuring the VSF for a fixed angle region of the backward hemisphere. This article examines the spectral variability of the correlation between directly measured backscattering coefficients and VSFs. Also presented are the averaged slopes of VSF spectra, measured in southern Baltic waters over a wide range of scattering angles.

17

Flow across south and east boundaries of the Norwegian Sea

75%

Druet C. , Jankowski A.

Oceanologia

|

1991

|

tom 30

18

On some factors influencing accuracy and precision of Baltic water absorbance measurements

75%

Grzybowski W.

|

2000

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tom Vol. 29, No. 4

5-13

EN

Various factors influencing the quality of UVVIS spectra obtained for sea water (in 100 mm cells) have been tested. The spectrophometer instability and baseline drift introduced absorbance error of ~ 0.0002 and ~ 0.001, respectively. Deviations caused by improper blanks reached 0.005 ab-sorbance units. Standard deviation of absorbance values determined for samples collected in the Gulf of Gdansk during repetitive casts (0.008-0.022) significantly exceeded the detection limit based on variability of the blank sample (0.002).

19

Functional formalism for equations of Oberbeck-Boussinesq type of the developed thermohaline turbulence

75%

Icha A.

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1985

|

tom 20

20

Changes of the water temperature in Polish seaside resorts

75%

Swiatek M.

|

tom 20

EN

Subject of the study are changes of the water temperature occurring on the Polish Baltic coast during years 1951-2010 (in Kołobrzeg, due to deficiencies in the data, for the years 1957-2010). It is expressed in the form of a linear trend. The study was based on the monthly average temperature of the sea water in the following stations: Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, Kołobrzeg, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia. For most of analyzed stations an increase in average annual temperature of the water were observed. The largest one was recorded in Gdynia. In Świnoujście there were no significant changes in water temperature except for the slight its drop in June. A significant increase in the water temperature occurred in Międzyzdroje in February, March, April and May; in Kołobrzeg in January and March; in Władysławowo in January, February, March, April and June and in Hel and Gdynia in February, March, April, May, July and August. The greatest changes were in April in Hel and Gdynia.

PL

Przedmiot badań stanowią zmiany temperatury wody zachodzące na polskim wybrzeżu Bałtyku w latach 1951-2010 (w Kołobrzegu ze względu na braki w danych w latach 1957-2010), wyrażone w formie trendu liniowego. W pracy wykorzystano średnie miesięczne wartości temperatury wody w następujących miejscowościach: Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, Kołobrzeg, Władysławowo, Hel oraz Gdynia. W większości analizowanych stacji (oprócz Świnoujścia i Kołobrzegu) nastąpił wzrost średniej rocznej temperatury wody. Największy odnotowano w Gdyni, gdzie temperatura wody wzrastała średnio o około 0,02°C rocznie. Istotny statystycznie wzrost temperatury wody nastąpił w Międzyzdrojach w lutym, marcu, kwietniu i maju, w Kołobrzegu w styczniu i marcu, we Władysławowie w styczniu, lutym, marcu, kwietniu i w czerwcu, a w Helu i Gdyni w lutym, marcu, kwietniu, maju, lipcu i sierpniu. Największe zmiany następowały w kwietniu (w Helu i Gdyni powyżej 0,03°C rocznie). W Świnoujściu nie wystąpiły istotne zmiany temperatury wody z wyjątkiem niewielkiego jej spadku w czerwcu.