Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

GENETIC DETERMINANTS AND PERSONALITY PREDICTORS OF SOCIO-ECONOMICAL ATTITUDES

100%

Oniszczenko W. , Jakubowska U.

Psychological Studies

|

2005

|

tom 43

|

nr 3

55-64

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the heritability as well as the personality predictors of socio-economical attitudes. Attitudes were examined on two separate dimensions: moral conservatism - liberalism and free market economy - state interventionism. The studied sample comprised two groups of subjects: 242 twin pairs aged 18 to 25 (119 monozygotic and 123 dizygotic same-sex twins reared together), and 197 male and female students of the technical university aged 19 to 25. The authors detected a substantial input of the genetic factor exclusively in the variability of results on the conservatism-liberalism scale (0.28). Results on both scales were to a large extent explained by the impact of shared environment, and, to a lesser extent - of nonshared environment. Results of regression analysis have shown that only two personality traits: neuroticism and agreeableness may serve as best predictors of economical attitudes (high level of both dimensions was associated with state interventionism).

2

DO EMOTIONALLY INTELLIGENT INDIVIDUALS USE MORE ADAPTIVE DECISION-MAKING STYLES

80%

Avsec A.

Studia Psychologica

|

2012

|

tom 54

|

nr 3

209 – 220

EN

Awareness of emotions, extensive emotional knowledge, and effective emotional management are characteristics of emotionally intelligent individuals. These competencies are expected to enable individuals using more adaptive decision-making styles (DMSs). Specifically, we predicted that trait emotional intelligence (EI) should be a positive predictor of intuitive and rational DMSs and a negative predictor of dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous DMSs, even after controlling for personality. Participants (N = 454) completed Slovene version of the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire, the Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire, and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Results supported the importance of trait EI on predicting DMSs: after controlling for personality, the trait EI accounted for 1 to 13% of the variance of the DMSs. Higher trait EI was associated with a more frequent use of intuitive, rational, and a less frequent use of dependent and avoidant DMSs. Results are in accordance with the assertion about the positive function of EI.

3

Like father, like son. Intergenerational transmission of economic status through the channel of personality

80%

Keller T.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

|

2008

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tom 18

|

nr 4

32-47

EN

In his paper the author demonstrates that in the intergenerational similarities of earning there is an indirect effect which can be observed through the intergenerational similarities in personality traits. Using the data of the Hungarian Household Panel Survey he decomposes the correlation coefficient in earning between the head of the household and his/her child. He also points out that personality traits are an important determinator of wages even beside human capital variables. Because personality may be shaped by success or failure on the labour market, he tries to analyse the data of those persons without labour market experience. The results show that personality has a long-term effect on wages.

4

Młodzież a przystosowanie się do otoczenia

80%

Olszak-Krzyżanowska B.

Rocznik Lubuski

|

2010

|

tom 36

|

nr 1

81-93

EN

This work is concerned with the complicated process of building young people's relations with the surrounding world. Analyzing this process, I tried to show possibly many factors influencing adolescents' assimilation and adaptation processes in relation to the living space. These include personality, identity, and orientation. I also present the constructed typology of people who are focused on themselves as well as those who are concentrated on and oriented towards others. During the process of constructing this typology, I took into account the type of personalities, interactions, relations to social norms, life orientation, and the feeling of identity.

5

Hudební preference a její souvislost s dimenzemi pětifaktorového modelu osobnosti

80%

Franěk M. , Mužík P.

Hudební věda (Musicology)

|

2010

|

tom 47

|

nr 2-3

285-298

EN

The goal of this study was to investigate the structure of musical preferences in a sample set of participants from the Czech Republic (n = 521), differences in the structure of musical preferences among various age groups (16–50 years), and associations between these preferences and certain personality traits. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five dimensions of musical preference in all age groups. Further analysis addressed the question of how the dimensions of musical preference relate to personality traits, tracing the relation between musical preference and various dimensions in the ‘Big-Five’ personality model. The findings confirmed those of previous research conducted in the United States (by Rentfrow and Gosling in 2003), but revealed certain dissimilarities as well, resulting from specific features of culture in the Czech Republic. Also analyzed in the study are similarities and differences among various age groups.

6

PERSONALITY PREDICTORS OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT - EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS (Osobowosciowe predyktory zaangazowania pracownikow - analizy empiryczne)

80%

Wojtczuk-Turek A.

Organization and Management

|

2010

|

nr 140

21-41

EN

The goal of the paper is to present the findings of empirical issues concerning personality determinants of engagement. Engagement may be treated as a measure of employee's attitude towards the company. It constitutes an expression of individual's identification with the workplace and a measure of employee's loyalty, it determines satisfaction level and the level of 'emotional attachment' to a company. It also reflects the degree of 'organizational participation' of an employee, being reflected in positive evaluation and undertaking of activities aimed at business goals of a company. From the point of view of business activities it seems particularly significant to be able to identify those aspects which are related to building employee's engagement.

7

IS PRUDENCE A BRIDGE BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY?

80%

Ruisel I.

Studia Psychologica

|

2006

|

tom 48

|

nr 3

197-205

EN

Attention is devoted to the prudence as a 'team of virtues'. The stress is laid on eight forms of prudence as long-term memory, ability to the adequately understand existing relationships, openness to advice of the others, brightness, reasonableness, foresight, circumspection, cautiousness. The prudence is oriented to a practical achievement of the personal goals, plans and designs. However, we assume an ability to choose appropriate means to attain the goals. The prudence represents one of the preconditions of a mature and cultivated personality, permitting one to master a suitable concept of life style and primarily to identify means leading to this goal. The prudence asserts itself by refusing the self-regulatory failings and the unjustified temptations. These reflections also imply that the concept prudence bridges over the historically preserved though methodologically unjustified division between a subject's behavior and his personality.

8

Personality and construing one's own future

80%

Timoszyk-Tomczak C. , Zaleski Z.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2006

|

tom 37

|

nr 3

172-184

EN

The authors report the study on what strategies the young people use in construing own future and to what extent the strategy preference in related to personality dimensions such as achievement motivation, optimism, locus of control, values and Big Five. Six strategies were identified: authority, realistic, wishful, carpe diem, pressure and awaiting. The group of 239 high school and university students filled the Questionnaire on Strategies of Construing own Future and standard personality methods. The more often are used authority, realistic and wishful while less frequently the carpe diem, pressure and awaiting strategy. Some Students tend to apply one strategy (monostrategic) others more than one (polistrategic). The statistical analyses based on the extreme group comparison as well as correlational/regression analyses revealed that the less preferred strategies are more linked to personality- the links being moderately strong. The reverse is for more preferred strategies, which may suggest that construing one's own future is relatively independent or separate personality characteristics (a possible Big Sixs). The strength and relationship value varies (positive or negative) depending on the strategy nature. The research outcomes are discussed within the frame of future time perspective.

9

Osobowość a style radzenia sobie ze stresem u tancerzy sportowego tańca towarzyskiego

80%

Kowal P.

Studia Psychologica

|

2011

|

nr 11/1

51-64

EN

The following article presents the theoretical basis and practical reasons related to the concept of personality and stress coping styles. Sport dance is not yet popular in the field of Psychology of Sports. Dancing is often referred to in the literature as a form of art. The aim of the study was to present a psychological profile of the dancer as an athlete. Dominant personality traits and styles of coping with stress among the dancers are indicated in this paper. Also differences between men and women who are committed to continually work together as a dance couple are shown. 94 dancers were studied (W-46, M-48), aged 15-24 years (mean age 17 years, standard deviation 2.25). Subjects presented different levels of advancein sports, meaning they have different dance class which definesa skill of a dancer. They had also diversified dance training time, calculated as the number of trained years. Subjects came from nine Polish dance clubs. In the study were used: NEO-FFI Personality Inventory of Costa &McCrae and Coping Inventory of Stressful Situations of Endler& Parker. In order to obtain additional data and personal information related to the training process of dancers a surveyconstructed by the author was used. The results show the differences between women and men in terms of personality traits and stress coping styles. Women show a style focused on avoiding the stressful situation and seek social contact more than men. Women are agreeable and conscientious. Studies also show a correlation between age and type of coping style in a difficult situation. Older dancers are more focused on the task, while the younger focus on experienced emotions, avoiding the task or problem, engage in alternative activities. In addition, studies have found an importanceof advancement of sport styles in somestress coping styles and in selected personality traits. The dancers with a higher dancing class, that are more advanced present style of coping with stress concentrated on the task, less advanced dancers are more emotional and neurotic.

10

VOCATIONAL ORIENTATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE - TOOL RELIABILITY AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS

80%

Zawadzka A. M. , Szczygiel D.

Psychological Studies

|

2007

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tom 45

|

nr 3

67-79

EN

The purpose of the article is to present Polish version of the Vocational Orientations Questionnaire. The Vocational Orientations Questionnaire is based on the Vocational Personality Life Style created by Holland (1985, 1997). Main psychometric parameters are presented. W-Kendall's coefficients of concordance of ratings of qualified judges indicated the internal validity of selected statements of the questionnaire. Factor analysis (N=455) identified six factors that are congruent with vocational types specified by Holland's model: realistic, investigative, artistic, enterprising, social and conventional. A confirmation analysis method (N=443) indicated, that six factors model was well adjusted to the group. The analysis of Cronbach Coefficient Alpha conformed reliability of the measure. Theoretical validity of the Vocational Orientations Questionnaire (N= 117) was estimated by analyze of the associations between the Vocational Orientations Questionnaire and personality traits and types of interests. Personality was measured by Personality Inventory NEO-FFI constructed by Costa and McCrae (Zawadzki, Strelau, Szczepaniak i Sliwinska 1998) and types of interest were measured by Interests Inventory (Frydrychowicz, Jaworska, Woynarowska i Matuszewski 1994).

11

IS IT THE END OF THE 'MAN OF LEISURE'?

80%

Golka M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

|

2007

|

tom 51

|

nr 1

3-26

EN

The main thesis of this article is the claim that the demise of the 'man of leisure' is taking place before our very eyes - at least in so far as they were defined by Florian Znaniecki and George Herbert Mead, Roger Caillois, Boguslaw Sulkowski and other researchers who emphasised the socialising function of fun and its social character. Because of numerous processes - mainly the dominance of entertainment and the search for pleasure at any cost - fun is undergoing a process of atrophy or at least far reaching change and primarily desocialisation. Increasingly we find ourselves alone with music (because of its reproduction by walkmen and discmen), when dancing, in sport and alone in front of the television or the computer monitor. It would appear that this kind of escape from others, avoiding them and at the same time certain difficulties with complete relationships with other people. The concern arises that it will then never be possible to reach those 'others'. One of the causes of this effect could be the reduction (or change) in the role of games as a form of socialisation and interaction.

12

COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AS A COPING STRATEGY - COGNITIVE AND EMOTIONAL ASPECTS

80%

Ruiselova Z. , Prokopcakova A. , Kresanek J.

Studia Psychologica

|

2009

|

tom 51

|

nr 2-3

237-249

EN

A study showed the occurrence and characteristics of counterfactual thinking (CT) in relation to sense of coherence (SOC), that expresses coping effectiveness, and in relation to anxiety and self-esteem. A configurable frequency analysis was used to determine types. The combination of high coping effectiveness (SOC) with CT (rarer, helpful in solving future problems, not saddening, not inhibiting future problem solving) was confirmed - as type 1, in which cognitive aspects of CT prevail. Type 2 represents lower SOC in combination with CT (frequent, saddening, not helpful, rather inhibiting the solving of future problems) - emotional aspects of CT prevail in this type. The combination of CT characteristics with anxiety introduced a single type: high anxiety, frequent CT, saddening CT and CT does not help future solutions, CT inhibits future solutions. Any distinct type regarding the relation between CT characteristics and self-esteem was observed. CT characteristics are also discussed in relation to Big Five factors describing personality.

13

Individual differences in wild (WWCPS) rat — manifested in the exploration box

80%

Pisula W.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2010

|

tom 41

|

nr 1

31-35

EN

Thirty nine WWCPS rats were tested in the exploration box throughout fifteen sessions. Factor analysis was run to extract the main dimensions describing rat behavior. Two factors were extracted, confirming the validity of the concept of two dimensional structure of individual differences in rats. Hierarchical cluster analysis run on factor scores showed that only three out of a possible four types of factor combinations are actually present within observed group of animals. In terms of individual differences structure, the study provide support for the view that laboratory rats are still rats.

14

MINDFULNESS AND THE FIFTH FACTOR OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF HUMOUR

80%

Özyeşil Z. , Deniz M. E. , Kesici S.

Studia Psychologica

|

2013

|

tom 55

|

nr 1

33 – 45

EN

The study aims to determine if mindfulness and the Fifth Factor of personality traits significantly predict humour styles. The participants of the study were a total of 502 undergraduate students, 300 (59.8%) female and 202 (40.2%) male. Humour Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), Adjective Based Personality Test (ABPT) and The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were used in order to collect the data of the study. Pearson’s Product Moments correlation technique and multiple regression analysis were employed for the statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that mindfulness and the Fifth Factor of personality traits significantly predict the sub-dimensions of humour styles.

15

Kim jest geniusz?

80%

Benisławska A.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

|

2011

|

tom 47

|

nr 4(190)

667-681

EN

Cesare Lombroso created a basis of the consideration about genius as phenomenon. The similar subject analysed Ernst Kretschmer. The both authors underlined duality of genius nature distinctly. On the one hand genius is an emanation of unusual talent, on the other hand genius is connected with element of psychopatology and social rejection. Finding a new way of thinking will be possible, if a talented person’s mental structure is loosen. It means: previous solution must be rejection, researcher revolts against the authorities and he can come into conflict with a professional environment. From this point of view life of genius is full of dramatic evidences, the same like life of a polish researcher Julian Ochorowicz. In Ochorowicz case the most controversial were his studies over hypnotism and mediumism. These researches were a from of analyzing of human cognitional skills, special in the case of hysterics.

16

RILKE UND NIETZSCHE ODER “DIE LUST AN DER MASKE”

80%

Zelinsky B.

World Literature Studies

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2012

|

tom 4 (21)

|

nr 4

11 –23

EN

The poet Rilke and the philosopher Nietzsche have a great deal in common. They have no family, no employment, and no home and for both life and work form a whole. They are nearly exclusively preoccupied with the question of human existence. The similarities or affinities which connect the existential poet and the existential philosopher have been widely discussed. What has been neglected up to now is the fact that only Nietzsche but also Rilke attaches a lot of importance to the role and significance of the mask. That is why this essay focuses on: Rilke and Nietzsche agree on the fact that the mask is an essential and indispensable constituent of a creative personality. The poet and the philosopher create truth whatever mask they wear.

17

Psychospołeczne aspekty zdrowia i rehabilitacji

80%

Krupa B. , Trzebiński P.

Zamojskie Studia i Materiały. Seria: Fizjoterapia

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2012

|

nr 1 (ZSiM 35)

63-74

EN

Introduction. Rehabilitation is a complex process rich in a number of biological, psychological and social conditions. Dimensions that make up the personality type D, in particular, a negative emotional determine the level of satisfaction with life, means that the greater tendency to experience negative emotions– the lower level of satisfaction with life and hence less effects of rehabilitation. Purpose. the purpose of this study is answering the question: what role the patients assign rehabilitation and therapists and that the evaluation of the effects of rehabilitation is associated with type D personality. In terms of a global analysis of the process of rehabilitation in the context of the biopsychosocial model. Material and method. Studies using diagnostic survey with questionnaire technique were undertaken on a group of professionally active and inactive adult patients in Zamość Rehabilitation Clinic WSZiA 2011. Two tools were used for measuring: Scale DS-14– in Polish version (N. Ogińska-Bulik, Z. Juczyński and Denollet) to assess personality (scale DS-14 contains fourteen statements, seven of them concern negative emotionality, the other seven social inhibition); Survey’s questionnaire-own authorship. Results. 1/3 patients have stressed personality (type D). Individuals with type D personality much lower rate their health than those who do not type-D. Sociodemo-graphic variables and personality type does not significantly affect the definition of rehabilitation and do not differentiate between the treatment groups in the context of the location of the line physiotherapy treatment — wellness. Personality type affects the assessment of the effects of rehabilitation. In the group of type D shows the tendency to attribute the positive effects of rehabilitation rather in the physical and non-group D, both physical and mental. Conclusion. Psychological and social factors should be taken into account and incorporated together with biological variables in the diagnosis of disease and the patient must be considered simultaneously.

18

ABOUT THE EFFECT OF RATIONAL, DIALECTICAL AND CRITICAL THINKING ON WISDOM

80%

Ruisel I.

Studia Psychologica

|

2006

|

tom 48

|

nr 2

81-93

EN

The essential characteristics of rational, dialectical and critical thinking are defined in relation to wisdom. Thinking influences wisdom through the quality of decision-making in the choice of strategies suitable for solving rather complex and badly defined problems. Rational thinking is closely related to a search for optimum alternatives and should be unbiased and objective. Dialectical thinking refers to knowledge of processes comparing or synthesizing facts, standpoints and opposite viewpoints. Critical thinking activates abilities and strategies that enhance the probability of desirable outputs, where definition of the desirable depends on an individual's varying goals and values. Acceptance of the principles of critical thinking considerably contributes to the regulatory role of wisdom. Critical thinking, together with wisdom, endeavors to bring men to acquire and use information more efficiently not solely in favor of selected groups, but also humanity as a whole.

19

CREATIVE CLIMATE; TO WHOM DOES IT FIT BEST AND WHO MIGHT FEEL TO BE THREATENED BY IT

80%

Jurcova M. , Stubnova L.

Studia Psychologica

|

2004

|

tom 46

|

nr 1

3-19

EN

This is a synthesis of research data on three essential sources of a person's perception of creative climate, viz., original thinking, personality traits and social skills. Our sample comprised 227 adolescents in whom all the three components were compared in extreme groups of high (n = 32) and low originality (n = 37). The methods employed included: The Torrance Figural Test of Creative Thinking - TTCT, Riggio's Social Skills Inventory - SSI, Cattell's 16PF - Fifth Edition, The Creative Climate Questionnaire - CCQ (Isaksen, Kaufmann). Our findings permit a deeper insight into the interaction personality-environment as follows: 1) original thinking is an effective mediator for perceiving the characteristics of creative climate. 2) A key role is here played by its bonds with prosocial traits that are the components of extroversion, independence and receptivity. The most conspicuous source of social skills in relation to creative climate is empathy. A mutual interplay between high originality, prosocial traits and empathy permits not only to positively reflect, but also to generate a climate that stimulates creativity and promotes it - where precisely subjects with these particular traits can draw most profit from it. On the other hand, climate dimensions need not suit introverts and those with lower social skills and originality, with whom they are not compatible. For persons with lower originality (in its relations with anxiety and excessive self-control), creative climate may spell uncertainty and subjective threat which becomes reflected in a higher rating of the dimensions representing emotional safety.

20

SENSATION SEEKING, ALCOHOL USE AND ALCOHOL OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES

80%

Urban R. , Czegledi E. , Kovacs K. , Kelemen A.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

|

2008

|

tom 63

|

nr 3

499-518

EN

Objectives: The authors examined the associations among alcohol use, alcohol expectancies and sensation seeking. Their main goals were 1. to verify the original factorial structure of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire in a Hungarian adolescent sample; and 2. to test the mediation effects of positive and negative alcohol expectancies between sensation seeking and alcohol use. Method: Research design was a cross-sectional, questionnaire study. Research participants were 428 adolescents (223 boys and 205 girls, mean age=16.9 years SD = 0.66). Measures: Alcohol use questions from ESPAD research, Hungarian version of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire; and Hungarian version of Sensation Seeking Scale - form V (SSS-V). Results: 1. The confirmatory factor analysis verified the original structure of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire in their Hungarian adolescent sample. 2. Positive and negative expectancies partially mediated the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use frequency (50% of the association is explained by the expectancies), and only the positive expectancies mediated partially between sensation seeking and underage problem drinking (22% of the association is explained by the expectancies). Removal of alcohol and drug related items from the sensation seeking scale did not affect the results significantly. Conclusions: The findings raise the importance of both positive and negative alcohol outcome expectancies in explaining the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use.