Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wpływ BMI na stabilność posturalną kobiet w okresie wczesnej starości

100%

Olchowik G. , Tomaszewski M. , Czwalik A. , Tomaszewska M.

Rozprawy Społeczne

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2018

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tom 12

|

nr 4

81-86

PL

Wstęp. W pracy dokonano ilościowej analizy wpływu wskaźnika BMI na stabilność posturalną kobiet w okresie wczesnej starości. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 41 kobiet w wieku 60-74 lata. Stabilność posturalną kobiet oceniano za pomocą komputerowej dynamicznej posturografii (CDP). Oceniano użyteczność sygnałów pochodzących z narządów zmysłów biorących udział w kontroli równowagi ciała oraz prawidłowość doboru odpowiedniej strategii motorycznej. Określano wychylenia środka ciężkości ciała w kierunku przednio-tylnym i łączny wynik analizy równowagi ciała. Wyniki. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono ujemną korelację wskaźnika BMI badanych kobiet z wynikami analizy równowagi oraz wynikami analizy strategii motorycznej. Wnioski. Wraz ze wzrastającą wartością wskaźnika BMI zwiększa się zakres wychwiań środka ciężkości kobiet w kierunku przednio–tylnym. U osób z nadwagą stwierdzono gorsze wykorzystanie informacji somatosensorycznych i strategię stawu biodrowego. Otrzymane ilościowe zależności pomiędzy parametrami układu równowagi ciała ocenianymi w badaniu CDP a BMI wskazują na niekorzystny wpływ nadwagi i otyłości na stabilność posturalną kobiet w okresie wczesnej starości.

EN

Introduction. In this study, a quantitative analysis of the BMI index on the postural stability of women in early old age was conducted. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 41 women aged 60-74. The postural stability of women was assessed using computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). The usefulness of signals coming from sensory organs involved in the control of the body’s balance and the correctness of choosing the appropriate motor strategy were assessed. The deflections of the centre of gravity of the body in the anteroposterior direction and the combined result of body balance analysis were determined. Results. As a result of the conducted research, a negative correlation between the BMI index of the studied women and the results of the balance analysis, as well as the results of the motor strategy analysis was found. Conclusions. Along with the increase in the BMI index, there increases the range of deflections of women’s centre of gravity in the anteroposterior direction. In overweight people, worse use of somatosensory information and hip joint strategy was found. The obtained quantitative relationships between the parameters of the body balance system assessed in the CDP examination and BMI indicate the adverse effect of excessive weight and obesity on the postural stability of women in early old age.

2

Symmetry of lower limb loading in healthy adults during normal and abnormal stance

100%

Stodółka J. , Sobera M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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tom Vol. 19, nr 3

93--100

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the research was twofold: (1) to describe the normal asymmetry in lower limb loading during a normal stance and during a stance with visual and vestibular disturbance relating to the lower limb dominance, (2) to assess relations of loading of both lower limbs with body weight and height (BMI) and leg functional dominance. Methods: The subjects of this study were 95 students. Settings of the two Kistler platforms were used to register the time series of the vertical component of the ground reaction force while the subject was standing (45 seconds) in a normal position and next with eyes covered with a band and head tilted back position with one leg placed on one platform and the other on the second platform. The symmetry index (SI) was used to describe the asymmetry of the left or right loading. Results: The greater loading of the left or right leg during standing was independent of the functional leg dominance. The distribution of left and right lower limb loading in both trials may suggest that a low asymmetry, less than 5%, is represented by about 30% of subjects in general. No significant correlation was found between the SI and BMI of subjects who had a normal body weight, but in the group of overweight subjects the correlation was very high (r = 0.9). Conclusion: The results show that in describing norms of asymmetry in posture control in healthy humans it is very important to compare the results to posture asymmetry in various injuries or diseases. The most important result is that the higher asymmetry of lower limb loading is associated with overweight, which implies greater risk to health of those people.

3

Sprawność fizyczna warszawskiej młodzieży gimnazjalnej

100%

Nieczuja-Dwojacka J. , Grzelak J. , Siniarska A. , Chwaścińska K.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2015

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tom 13

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nr 3

67-84

EN

The aim of project was to estimate relationship between physical activity, socio-economic conditions and BMI in sample of youth. A group consisted of 177 youth aged 14-16 years from two Warsaw junior high schools. The research included questionnaire information (socio-economic condition, lifestyle), measurements and tests of strength, agility, endurance, flexibility, and reaction time. To determinate the relationship between fitness and five factors stepwise multiple regression was used. The results showed that higher stress level had negative influence on grip strength of hand and agility of shuttle run. Exposure to smoking had a negative impact on result in grip strength of hand, endurance, and explosive power of the lower extremities. The number of people in family had negative effect on grip strength of hand, however lifestyle had a positive influence on number of sit-ups (abdominal muscular strength and endurance). In case of youth characterized by lower BMI category, weaker handgrip and increased spine flexibility were observed. Socio-economic conditions mentioned above had small influence on physical activity

4

Human Serum Paraoxonase Activity Decreases After Vertical Banded Gastroplasty*

94%

Goyke B. , Goyke E. , Śledziński T. , Adrych K. , Raczyńska S. , Śledziński Z. , Świerczyński J.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2007

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tom 79

|

nr 6

436-444

EN

The aim of the study. Investigation of the effect of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), which is an effective method of treating patients with morbid obesity on serum paraoxonase (PON) activity.Material and methods. Serum PON activity was measured in twenty eight morbidly obese patients 6 and 12 months after surgery. PON activity was also measured in the serum and liver of rats maintained on a restricted diet for one month.Results. We found that VBG-induced significant reduction in body weight and serum PON activity at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Similar patterns of decreases in serum paraoxonase activity in obese patients after VBG were observed in A, AB and B paraoxonase/esterase phenotypes. After VBG, several clinically relevant events occurred: a) a decrease of serum triacylglycerol concentration was observed; b) no significant changes in total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were found; c) serum HDL-cholesterol concentration increased slightly.Paraoxonase activity in the serum of rats maintained on a restricted diet, which induced approximately 30% and 50% of rat body weight and fat mass loss, respectively, was lower than in control animals.Conclusions. This study indicates that after VBG significant decreases in serum paraoxonase activity occur in obese subjects. It is likely that less food ingestion and possibly a different type of food consumed by the obese subjects after VBG (compared to type of food consumed before surgery) may contribute to decreases in serum PON activity.

5

The Shape of Anterior-Posterior Curvatures of the Spine in Athletes Practising Selected Sports

94%

Lichota M. , Plandowska M. , Mil P.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 2

112-116

EN

Introduction. Practising sport at the professional level brings about considerable spinal loads. As a result of an intensive effort, the adaptation abilities of vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments and muscles decrease, which, in turn, influences the size of physiological curvatures of the spine and at the same time the quality of body posture. The aim of the work was to evaluate the shape of anterior-posterior curvatures of the spine and to define the frequency of occurrence of body posture types in athletes practising selected sports. Material and methods. The research was conducted among 46 athletes from the following sections: athletics, handball, volleyball and taekwondo. Inclination angles of the curvatures of the spine were defined with the use of a posturometer: α angle (upper-thoracic segment), β angle (thoracic-lumbar segment), γ angle (lumbar-sacral segment) as well as the level of thoracic kyphosis (χ) and lumbar lordosis (λ). Every athlete's body posture type was defined. Results. It was revealed that in the shape of anterior-posterior curvatures of the spine in the examined athletes the level of thoracic kyphosis was higher than the level of lumbar lordosis. In all the athletes the biggest values were observed in the inclination of the upper-thoracic segment, whereas the lowest ones (except for taekwondo competitors) in the inclination of the lumbar-sacral segment. The most common types of body posture were kyphotic and balanced types. No type-III kyphosis and type-III lordosis were observed. Athletes practising selected sports generally had a proper body posture. An improper posture, especially a wrong posture, was observed in few athletes. Conclusion. The specificity of movements performed during the training applied in a particular sport may influence the shape of anterior-posterior curvatures of the spine and thus the type of body posture.

6

The Arches of the Feet of Competitors in Selected Sporting Disciplines

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Lichota M. , Plandowska M. , Mil P.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 2

135-140

EN

Introduction. The human foot is an important and individual static-dynamic part of the movement apparatus. Physical activity is one of the many factors which has an impact on the arch of the foot, and specific sporting disciplines affect the morphological construction and active efficiency of the foot to differing degrees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the foot-arches of competitors training in the disciplines of athletics, handball, volleyball and taekwon-do, and to demonstrate the differences in the arching of the foot, depending on the discipline of the participant. Material and methods. Observation of a group of 46 student-competitors at the sports club of the Academic Sports Association (ASA) of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, training in handball, volleyball, athletics and taekwon-do. Using information from plantograms, obtained using a podoscope, the following were analyzed: Wejsflog's indicator, the position of the big toe (hallux) - angle γ; theposition of toe V - angle β;the position of the heel - angle α. Results. The values given by Wejsflog's indicator show the presence of an asymmetry in the arch of the right foot compared to that of the left foot. The reason for this, according to Demczuk-Włodarczyk and Biec [1] may be the type of surface on which training is conducted. The authors demonstrate that fallen arches are less common in practitioners of taekwon-do, who usually train on an elastic mat, which confirms the results of earlier research conducted on competitors at the Academic Sports Association of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska. Conclusions. The occurrence of an abnormal formation of the arches that make up the arch of the foot, and of asymmetry in the arch between the left and right feet observed in the sample, shows the necessity of devoting greater attention to compensatory exercises that strengthen the short muscles of the foot and the muscles of the calf in the training process, in order to make up for frequently unbalanced strain.

7

Body Composition of Female Senior Inhabitants of Biała Podlaska vs Their Physical Activity

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Wasiluk A. , Saczuk J.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 1

68-72

EN

Introduction. The aim of this study was to analyze body composition of female inhabitants of Biała Podlaska aged 60 years and older and characterized by different levels of physical activity. Material and methods. The study material were results from a survey conducted with 180 female inhabitants of Biała Podlaska aged 60 years and older (x 65.30 ± 4.68). The women were analyzed for body height, body mass, BMI and body composition. Their physical activity was determined using the IPAQ questionnaire and according to results achieved the women were classified into two groups: low physical activity (n=132), and moderate and high physical activity (n=48). The average frequency, duration and weekly energy expenditure of physical activities undertaken by the respondents were estimated in both groups. In addition, a social enquiry was conducted that enabled gathering information on the level of education, marital status and family status of the women. Results achieved were elaborated statistically. Results. The marital status 2 2 (χ2 =11.001, p<0.05) and family status (χ2 = 4.113, p<0.05) of the female senior inhabitants of Biała Podlaska were 2 modifying their physical activity to a greater extent that the educational status did (χ2 = 30.360, p>0.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed between absolute values of tissue components of the body and physical activity of the senior women. The average total energy expenditure in the group with a low physical activity accounted for 236.5 MET, whereas in the group with moderate and high physical activity - for 2255.3 MET. Conclusions. The study demonstrated that not only time devoted to physical activity but also its intensity affected the levels of tissue components. Results achieved in the survey indicate the necessity of continuing studies to examine correlations between body composition and physical activity of older population.

8

Evaluation of an Incentive-Based Obesity Management Program in a Workplace

94%

Hwang G. , Yoon C. , Jung H. , Kim Y.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2011

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tom Vol. 17, No. 2

147--154

EN

This study is to analyze the effectiveness of an incentive-based obesity management program (the Midas Project aimed to improve good health habits) at an electronics company in 2005. A total of 95 company participants with a high body mass index (BMI) were recruited for a health promotion program for 3 months that awarded gold medals as an incentive for body fat loss. BMI decreased from 28.8 to 27.8 kg/m² (p = .000), body weight decreased from 87.2 to 83.5 kg (p = .000), and body fat weight decreased from 25.4 to 23.3 kg (p = .000). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 130.5 to 125.1 mmHg (p = .002), from 86.4 to 81.7 mmHg (p = .009). The percentage of participants exercising more than 3 times per week increased from 27.3 to 52.3% (p = .000). The percentage who avoided overeating at parties and midnight eating increased from 65.9 to 72.7% (p = .767) and 70.5 to 84.1% (p = .172), respectively. This incentive-based obesity management program was effective in improving not only BMI but also health status.

9

Czy wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie występuje zjawisko otyłości?

94%

Wójtowicz-Chomicz K. , Borzęcki A.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2011

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nr 2

251-253

10

Problemy w diagnostyce pacjentów otyłych za pomocą rezonansu magnetycznego

94%

Trzcionka J. , Cholewka A. , Ślosarek K.

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2018

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tom Vol. 7, nr 4

237--244

PL

W literaturze coraz częściej można znaleźć doniesienia zwracające uwagę na problemy w diagnostyce obrazowej wynikające z nadwagi pacjentów oraz związanych z tym faktem rozmiarami ciała. 2 listopada 2012 r. portal internetowy „gazeta.pl” w artykule: „Wielka Brytania: Brak skanerów MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) dla chorobliwie otyłych. Będą badani sprzętem używanym w zoo?”, cytując za brytyjskim „The Telegraph” opublikował szokującą informację: „Brytyjskie szpitale będą zmuszone używać skanerów MRI z ogrodów zoologicznych, ponieważ standardowe urządzenia nie są w stanie poradzić sobie z pacjentami z poważną nadwagą (…)” [1]. Powstały przy współpracy z instytutem badawczym MillwardBrown, a prezentowany na stronie internetowej serwisu PotrafiszSchudnac.pl „Raport. Bieżące statystyki otyłości i nadwagi w Polsce na podstawie interaktywnej mapy otyłości Polski”, podając stan na drugie półrocze 2015 r. oszacował, że 49,55% Polaków ma nadwagę lub jest otyłych, w tym: 36,94% – to osoby z nadwagą, a 12,61% – z otyłością. Z raportu wynika, że niemal co drugi Polak ma nadwagę lub jest otyły, przy czym w województwach zachodnich jest więcej takich osób niż we wschodnich. Województwo śląskie znalazło się w tym rankingu na dziesiątym miejscu z odsetkiem 50,68% osób z nadwagą i otyłych [2, 3]. 16 marca 2016 r. „Puls Medycyny” opublikował artykuł pt. „Polacy ważą coraz więcej”, którego autorka, powołując się na źródła danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego GUS i Urzędu Statystycznego Unii Europejskiej EUROSTAT, podała, że 46% kobiet i 64% mężczyzn w Polsce choruje na nadwagę i otyłość, informując jednocześnie, że stawia to nas w pierwszej dziesiątce najbardziej otyłych narodów Europy [4]. Znany jest fakt, iż nadmierna otyłość może utrudniać poprawną i dokładną diagnostykę pacjenta. Otrzymane wyniki badań pacjentów o dużych rozmiarach charakteryzują się obniżoną jakością otrzymywanych obrazów (mniejszy SNR – Signal-to-Noise Ratio). Niektórzy badacze zwracają także uwagę na problem wpływu otyłości nie tylko w rezonansie magnetycznym, ale również w innych badaniach obrazowych: ultrasonografii, mammografii, radiografii i fluoroskopii, radiologii interwencyjnej, medycynie nuklearnej i pozytronowej emisyjnej tomografii komputerowej PET, praz CT [4, 5, 6].

11

Psychosocial work dimensions, personality, and body mass index: Sex differences

94%

Blanch A. , Aluja A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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tom 26

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nr 4

572-580

EN

Objectives: The association between psychosocial work dimensions (i.e. demand and control) and obesity has been found to be inconclusive, indicating that individual differences factors might also contribute to explain the variability in BMI. Materials and Methods: The interaction between work dimensions and personality variables in a group of male and female workers (N = 506), and its associations with BMI were analyzed with a cross-sectional study with self-report data. Hierarhical regression analyses were used to predict the BMI levels from work and individual differences variables and their interactions for males and females. Results: The main effects of personality variables were not significant, physical workload interacted with neuroticism for males, whereas control interacted with activity for females. Conclusions: Psychosocial work dimensions and personality traits were related to BMI for men and women. These outcomes reinforce the notion that different models might account for the explanatory mechanisms of BMI in regard to sex.

12

Education and the Prevention of Postural Defects

94%

Olchowska-Kotala A. , Chromik K.

Human Movement

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2014

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tom 15

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nr 4

199-203

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine: whether and at what stage of education is proper body posture learned, the intention of young adults to participate in activities teaching proper posture, and the effects of factors related with the said intention. Methods. The study involved 430 university students aged 18-24 years. Anthropometric data was collected. Participants completed questionnaires assessing physical activity level (IPAQ) and their intention to participate in extracurricular activities teaching proper posture while sitting or walking, proper running technique, corrective gymnastics, or weight loss exercises. A self-assessment of posture, physical fitness, attractiveness, and body satisfaction was also completed. Results. Lower back pain was experienced by 41% of the respondents. Most were taught proper posture-related habits in primary school, followed by secondary school, and then at university. Many students expressed their intention to participate in the extracurricular activities. None of the questionnaire variables were associated with the intention to learn proper walking posture or proper running technique. The intention to participate in classes teaching proper sitting posture was associated with lower back pain in women and low physical activity level in men. In women, a relationship was found between the intention to participate in weight loss exercises and body dissatisfaction, high BMI, and poor self-evaluations of posture and attractiveness. In men, this activity was associated with body dissatisfaction. Conclusions. There is a need for further education on the development of proper postural habits at the university level.

13

Evaluation of somatic and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in rural women in Poland

94%

Ignasiak T. , Ignasiak Z. , Ziółkowska-Łajp E. , Rożek K. , Sławińska T. , Skrzek A.

Anthropological Review

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2012

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tom 75

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nr 2

107-116

EN

The aim of this study was the diagnosis of selected somatic parameters and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems of rural women in Poland. The study involved a group of 95 rural women aged 35-60 years, staying in 3-week rehabilitation camps. The two groups of women were selected: younger (x=43 years), which did not exceed 50 years of age (n=48) and older (x=53 years) aged 50 years and older (n=47). The present study examines the measurement of the body height and weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and functional parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. For the evaluation of cardiovascular parameters, a 6 minute walk test was selected. Before the commencement of the test and in the first minute after it, the pulse and the blood pressure were measured. To assess the functional parameters of the respiratory system, the pattern of flow - volume curve was used. The test was performed with a Jaeger Flowscreen spirometer. The following parameters were determined: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Tiffeneau index (FEV1 in% VC). Examined rural women were likely to be similar to their urban counterparts. BMI of women was significantly higher than peers. Older rural women are particularly at risk of obesity. Heart rate and blood pressure, when at resting and after exercise, were normal and alike in both in young and older women. As expected, younger women had significantly higher levels of respiratory parameters. PEF values in younger women were slightly below the normal limit, and in their older peers, this value was significantly below the normal limit.

14

Detrimental effects of early rural life on blood pressure among urban male migrants in Wrocław, Poland

94%

Kozieł S. , Lipowicz A. , Ulijaszek S. J.

Anthropological Review

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2012

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tom 75

|

nr 2

83-91

EN

The purpose of the study was to compare the blood pressure of rural-to-urban migrants and the sedentary population (non-migratory) of the city of Wrocław, Poland. Additionally, the effect of time spent in the rural area on blood pressure was also assessed. The study sample consisted of 2753 males aged 25-75 years, following a medical examination, underwent an interview and anthropometric measurements between 1989-90. Based on the place of origin all males were divided into rural-to-urban migrant inhabitants of Wrocław (N=1222) and sedentary inhabitants of Wrocław (N=921). The percentage of time spent in the rural area [(time spent in rural area/age)*100] was then calculated and was used in analysis. In each age category, the rural-urban migrants were found to be shorter in height. Age, BMI, level of education and time of migration had a significant effect on both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure irrespective of the level of education. It was demonstrated that the time of migration, allowing for age, body size and education level, significantly correlated with blood pressure. The later in time, the males migrated from rural to urban areas, the higher their blood pressure. It was hypothesized that unhealthy behavior could still have continued in a new urban environment, resulting in migrant - sedentary differences in health parameters.

15

Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province (Poland) in the years 1986 and 2006

94%

Saczuk J. , Wasiluk A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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tom 6

|

nr 4

259-266

EN

Background: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span. Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of girls and boys classified to each group in respect of the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined with the χ² test. Results: The greatest generation changes in the mass-to-height proportions were noted in the youngest children from the Podlaskie Province. It was higher by 1.66% in pupils with 2nd degree underweight, and higher by 4.79% and 1.29% in pupils with overweight and obesity, respectively, while it was lower by 10.11% among boys with a normal BMI value. In girls the percentage with normal BMI values was observed to decrease by 8.95%, whereas among girls with overweight - to increase by 4.85%. Conclusions: The results may suggest that a greater percentage of the young generation will be characterized by improper mass-to-height proportions

16

Zjawisko nadmiernej masy ciała wśród dzieci zamieszkałych na terenach wiejskich województwa dolnośląskiego

94%

Felińczak A. , Kuriata E. , Szachniewicz M. , Grzebieluch J. , Kiedik D. , Fal A.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2012

|

nr 1

13-18

17

Wskaźniki insulinooporności wśród studentów wrocławskich uczelni – doniesienie wstępne

94%

Płaczkowska S. , Kokot I. , Pawlik-Sobecka L. , Kołaczek A. , Małolepsza E.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2013

|

nr 3

370-371

18

Physical activity and BMI in students beginning their studies at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in the academic year 1999/2000 and 2009/2010

94%

Nowak-Zaleska A. , Zaleski R. , Wilk B. , Walentukiewicz A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2013

|

tom 5

|

nr 2

93-98

EN

Background: The aim of the study was to assess physical activity undertaken by the students of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk, Poland (AWFiS) in their free time in the academic year 1999/2000 and 2009/2010 and the direction of changes in this scope. Material/Methods: Students at the Faculty of Physical Education at AWFiS were subject to research in the academic years 1999/2000 and 2009/2010. 639 students were examined (42% women, 58% men). The research was based on a diagnostic survey with an author’s own questionnaire containing questions from the scope of physical activity and participation in its forms. Results: Mean values of BMI, body weight and height were higher amongst students beginning studies in 2009/2010. The BMI in the academic year 1999/2000, both for female and male students was lower than in 2009/2010. Irrespective of the year of examinations and the gender, the majority of the respondents were characterized by DPA (declared physical activity): 60.86% of the whole sample in 1999 and 47.1% in 2009; this difference was statistically significant. In our own research a decreasing tendency of the students’ declared physical activity was observed. Percentage drop in students with GPA (great physical activity) and an increasing percentage of LPA (low physical activity) and UPA (moderate physical activity) - both in women and men. Conclusions: The year of the research was a factor diversifying the level of the respondents’ physical activity.

19

Czy otyłość zwiększa ryzyko zachorowania na raka jajnika? Przegląd literatury

94%

Kwiatkowska K. , Pawłowska A. , Suszczyk D. , Bilska M. , Tarkowski R. , Kotarski J. , Wertel I.

Current Gynecologic Oncology

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2017

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tom 15

|

nr 4

277-283

EN

Obesity is one of the twenty-first century civilization diseases, which has been long linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological data show that a slim body (body mass index, BMI 21–23 kg/m2 ) allows to avoid 20% of cancers related to excess fat tissue. Increased body weight (BMI >25 kg/m2 ) is associated with approximately 1.5-fold higher risk of cancer compared to the risk with normal BMI. There is growing evidence that high BMI may also increase the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality as well as reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy. While the relationship between obesity and numerous cancers, such as colon cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney and pancreatic cancer, has been scientifically proven, studies assessing the relationship between ovarian cancer and obesity remain inconclusive. Some studies confirm the increased risk of cancer in obese women, whereas other authors do not show this correlation or even point to higher survival rates among obese patients with ovarian cancer, which is known as the obesity paradox. A variety of research methodologies may be found in the literature. Perhaps this is the reason for the significant divergence of results obtained in different studies. The aim of the paper was to describe selected substances produced by the adipose tissue, which play a crucial role in the induction of inflammation. We also present literature data on the relationship between obesity and ovarian cancer.

PL

Otyłość to jedna z chorób cywilizacyjnych XXI wieku, od dawna wiązana ze zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju chorób układu krążenia, cukrzycy czy nowotworów. Z badań epidemiologicznych wynika, że szczupła sylwetka (wskaźnik masy ciała – body mass index, BMI na poziomie 21–23 kg/m2 ) pozwala uniknąć do 20% nowotworów związanych z nadmiarem tkanki tłuszczowej. Z kolei przyrost masy ciała (BMI powyżej 25 kg/m2 ) podwyższa ryzyko zachorowania na nowotwór – mniej więcej półtora raza w porównaniu z ryzykiem przy prawidłowym BMI. Przybywa dowodów na to, że wysokie BMI może także zwiększać prawdopodobieństwo nawrotów raka i umieralność spowodowaną przez nowotwory czy osłabiać skuteczność chemoterapii. W przypadku licznych nowotworów, takich jak rak okrężnicy, gruczolakorak przełyku, rak piersi, trzonu macicy, nerki lub trzustki, związek z otyłością został naukowo udowodniony, natomiast wyniki badań analizujących związek otyłości z rakiem jajnika nie są jednoznaczne. Niektóre badania potwierdzają wzrost ryzyka zachorowania u kobiet otyłych, inne nie wykazują tej zależności albo wręcz wskazują na wyższe wskaźniki przeżywalności otyłych chorych z rakiem jajnika, co jest określane jako paradoks otyłości. Podczas przeglądu literatury przykuwa uwagę różnorodność metodyki badań – być może właśnie to jest przyczyną tak rozbieżnych wyników prac. W artykule scharakteryzowano wybrane substancje produkowane przez tkankę tłuszczową, które odgrywają istotną rolę w indukcji stanu zapalnego. Ponadto przedstawiono dane z piśmiennictwa dotyczące związków otyłości z zachorowaniem na raka jajnika.

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Nutritional habits of female university students in relation to selfperception of body

94%

Suliga E. , Wronka I. , Pawlińska-Chmara R.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 4

98-102

EN

Study aim: To determine whether the self-assessment of body mass has an impact on the nutritional behaviour of young women. Material and methods: The material was gathered in cross-sectional research of 1129 female university students. The measurements of body height, body mass, and waist and hip circumference were taken. Each person completed a questionnaire concerned the nutritional habits, recreational physical activity, and self-perception of body mass. In this work, only the data of 925 students with BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 were included. Results: Of the participants, 2.8% of the students assessed their body mass as too low, 75.4% as correct, and 21.8% as too high. Students assessing their body mass as too low featured the lowest values of BMI and waist circumference, whereas those with a body mass assessment of too high featured the highest values of BMI. Those students with a body mass assessment as too high followed a diet and skipped meals far more frequently, consumed breads and sweets far less frequently, and drank more liquids daily than students who assessed their body mass as correct. No differences were found in the frequency of recreational physical activity in relation to self-perception of body mass. Conclusions: BMI values above population average, even if they fit within the norm, are regarded by the students as too high. The self-assessment of body mass as too high results in undertaking efforts aimed at reducing body mass.