Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Současné úkoly etnologie při vnímání etnografického regionu veřejností (na příkladu Lašska)

100%

Michalička V.

Národopisný věstník

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2011

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tom 28_(70)

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nr 2

25-30

EN

This contribution will contemplate the issue of the contemporary tasks of ethnology with respect to the perception of ethnographic region in the general public. Particular attention will be paid to the role of professional coverage of one-of-a-kind regions in the process of formation of specifics of the given regions and in the promotion of regional identity. During the first half of the 20th century, there were attempts to created regional monographs that affected the perception of the local regions by the local people. regions that lack more complex coverage by professional ethnographers provide free and unrestricted space for numerous ethnologists and business entities. It often leads to the creation of a fake image of cultural history of the region. Moreover, local people identify themselves with the false interpretation and presentation. the contribution aims to assess the situation, taking as an example the ethnographical region of Lašsko, in case of which the insufficient professional coverage of the topic led to numerous interpretations that distorted cultural awareness in many citizens of the region.

2

Etnografia/etnologia/antropologia a nauki historyczne wobec koncepcji społeczeństwa pierwotnego

100%

Sokolewicz Z.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2015

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nr 8, Antropologia i historia

17–26

XX

The concept of primitive society was an anthropological response to theories by Darwin and Lyell as well as archeological studies of Paleolithic cultures. It also resulted from the 19th century search for the source of human cultural diversity and the issue of equality vis-à-vis diversity of human cultures. The concept of primitive society covered also uncivilized strata of civilized societies, i.e. peasant cultures. At the same time, it allowed to build a link between archeology, anthropology and ethnology. These three disciplines considered the “primitive society” as a common research subject. In Poland, Stanisław Poniatowski was the main proponent of this concept, but it can be also found in writings of Jan Czekanowski, Adam Fischer, Eugeniusz Frankowski and Kazimierz Moszyński. The concept of primitive society was abandoned in the mid 20th century as a result of the critique of colonialism, in Poland, also because of the development of the theory of social development, structuralism, phenomenology and the influence of the thought of Jan Stanisław Bystoń and Cezaria Baudouin de Courtenay Ehrenkreutz Jędrzejewiczowa.

3

“Ethnology Has Introduced Law and Order”: Remarks on the Works of Bronisław Malinowski as a “Hybrid Activity”

100%

Kisielewski A.

Ikonotheka

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2015

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tom 25

111-127

EN

This essay is an attempt to look at the work of the eminent ethnologist Bronisław Malinowski as an artistic creation. His work could be of interest to visual arts researchers. In this essay, his work is treat ed as a collection of images with a strictly European provenance. Examples of such images could be depictions of the places where the Polish ethnologist conducted his research. These depictions are, in fact, maps which he created by means of words. The images are like painted descriptions of tropical nature or, as Malinowski himself said, cinematic representations of the everyday life of the natives from the Trobriand Islands; they are people’s portraits created by verbal descriptions, numerous photographs and also specifi cally “modernist” visual forms, such as tables, graphs, diagrams etc. The European nature of these images confi rms the hypothesis that the phenomenon described, rather infelicitously, as primitivism, of which ethnology represented by the second generation of fi eld-working ethnologists, to which Malinowski belonged, was a component, is a construct created by a strictly European imagination.

4

„Такав обичај спроводе само педесетогодишње и више старице„ (1898): прагматика старости у традиционалној култури Словена

100%

Mykytenko O.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2016

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tom 163

665-675

EN

The age is one of the basic categories in the participants’ stratification in traditional rituals, and the age regulations are compulsory for the different spheres of folk culture. In accordance with the traditional notions, the old were parents who have married children, and especially if they had the grandchild. The ambivalent perception of the old is caused by their knowledge of life and wisdom, as well as by the ritual cleanness, but also their potential danger as persons who are before the death. These beliefs are manifested in the context of traditional family and calendar customs and rituals, in the first place those of the funeral and repast cycle, and on the whole with the semantics of safeguard or sacrifice. At the same time already at the end of the 19th century the transformation or destruction of many rituals caused that participants in them were only the old.

UK

Вік є однією з основних категорій стратифікації учасників традиційної обрядовості, а вікові регламентації обов’язкові для різних сфер народної культури. За традиційними уявленнями, старими вважали батьків, які видали заміж/оженили дітей, а особливо, якщо вже вони мали онуків. Амбівалентність сприйняття літніх/старих людей обумовлюється як їхнім життєвим досвідом та мудрістю, так і ритуальною чистотою, а водночас і потенційною загрозою як осіб, близьких до смерті. Ці уявлення знаходять вираження в контексті традиційних родинних та календарних звичаїв та обрядів, у першу чергу поховально-поминального циклу, і загалом тих, котрі мають семантику захисту та жертвоприношення. Разом із тим, уже наприкінці ХІХ ст. трансформація або занепад багатьох обрядів призводили до того, що участь у них брали тільки люди старшого віку.

5

Migrace v české etnologii: náměty k obohacení migrační teorie

100%

Uherek Z.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2016

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tom 26

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nr 4

263 - 270

EN

The article is based on an argument that in the Czech and Moravian ethnologies, there is quite a big amount of information about migration and adaptation of people to a new environment whereby those information have not been fully utilized and they are rarely used in the relation to the theory of migration. The data were often collected in the past with different intentions than to explain the issue of migration, and they comment on that rather by accident and in a non-systematic way. However, especially the older works can become a good source that can no longer be replenished with experience from the field. The author of the text mentions works of classics of the Czech ethnology, such as Karel Chotek, Antonín Václavík, Iva Heroldová, Olga Skalníková or Mirjam Moravcová, and he shows how several themes served well to their successor to complete the depiction of processes that are connected with the issue of migration, or that could serve for this purpose. In the conclusion, he draws attention to some of new themes which are in-process in the field of ethnology and social anthropology in the Czech Republic. Due to the publication activity in the discipline, those themes are examples, not a systematic enumeration.

6

The Concept of Sustainable Development of Cities. Ethnological Notes

100%

Darulová J.

Ethnologia Actualis

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2016

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tom 16

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nr 1

68-78

EN

The sustainable development concept has been detailed in several strategic documents which, among other things, point out that it is a complex issue and should be explored at the inter-disciplinary level. Examples of the current ethnological research of cities concerning transformations of post-socialist urban spaces in the context of civic initiatives and participative planning and participative budget demonstrate the possibilities of ethnology in applying the sustainable development principles in an urban environment.

7

Česká antropologie - pokračovatelka české etnografie a etnologie - po sametové revoluci (1989). Urbánní a etnická studia jako osa oboru

100%

Soukupová B.

Národopisný věstník

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2013

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tom 30_(72)

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nr 2

5-20

EN

The first part of the text addresses the development of ethnography, ethnology and anthropology, respectively, as fields of study, based on the change of the research paradigm. The second part is focused on two most progressive sub-fields of the contemporary anthropology: urban and ethnic anthropology, respectively. It analyses the development of these two fields after 1989, as well as the key areas of research, especially with regard to the change of the political and social system and climate. The aim of the study is to accentuate the confusion with regard to the use of the terms ethnography, ethnology and anthropology and the development continuity of the field. In addition, it aims to underline the social bias of this field of study, even after 1989. Present-day anthropology applies the holistic approach and has remained, to a great extent, part of history. However, it would seem that its comparative scope is its weakness.

8

ROLA OBRZĘDOWOŚCI I TRADYCJI MORSKICH W WYCHOWANIU MŁODZIEŻY W POLSCE PRZED I PO 1989 R.

100%

Pietkiewicz I. , Pietkiewicz A.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2015

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nr 1

83-96

EN

Gdynia, the city born from the sea, is a place where one of the bringing up methods, right since the city was founded, has been so-called naval upbringing. It has been realized in Gdynia’s sailing clubs throughout teaching of both sports and recreational sailing – an offer aimed at the youth. When Poland regained its independence in 1918, a decision was made to build a modern Polish Baltic port – Gdynia and so the rising of naval awareness among the Polish society was activated. The content connected with the naval economy, the sea, education as well as naval upbringing appeared in all actions aimed at the Polish society. Neither The Second World War, nor the difficult post war years did not cease the naval upbringing. Since the very first post war days, not only was the yacht marina began to be built, but also sailing life and culture were reactivated. Polish Yachting Association, or the Scout Maritime Center, later on re-named to become the National Naval Upbringing Center were founded. The naval upbringing, despite many obstacles connected with Poland’s politically and economically unstable history, has been non-stop realized until today. In the article an attempt was made to show that cultivating the naval customs and culture by the older generations of seamen and passing them on to the youth has had an impact on raising modern citizens. While doing the research, methods of literature study and interview were used.

9

Finding Spiritual Core: Union of the Believers of the Ukrainian Native Faith

100%

SMORZHEVSKA O. , KHVIST V.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2017

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tom 8

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nr 2

126-130

EN

In this article considered Union of the Believers of the Ukrainian Native Faith as Ukrainian ethno-confession, described the institutionalization of this religious organization. Author draws the attention to the ideological basis of confession. Aim of this article - show that modern paganism as the religious-ideological phenomenon has become an important part of the cultural life of Ukraine.

10

Antropologia – folklor – historia. Piotr Kowalski (1952-2011) – in memoriam

100%

Kowalewski J.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2017

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nr 10, Antropologia - folklor - historia

11–13

XX

Editorial

11

Etnografija, etnologija u Jugoslaviji od 1918. do 1941. godine

88%

Radojičić D.

Národopisný věstník

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2019

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tom 36_(78)

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nr 1

83-98

EN

This paper discusses scientific history of ethnography and ethnologyas disciplines, and their most significant bearers who established numerous institutions and new research perspectives in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croatans and Slovenians and later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between the world wars. The discussed events reflect the then scientific policy in ethnography and ethnology in Yugoslavia between 1918 and 1941.

12

Lidová kultura Haliče v dílech českých národopisců a publicistů 19. století. Příspěvek k česko-ukrajinským kulturním kontaktům

88%

Válka M.

Národopisný věstník

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2022

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tom 39_(81)

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nr 1

5-23

EN

After the First Partition of Poland, another crown land - Galicia (German: Galizien, Polish: Galicja, Ukrainian: Halychyna) was incorporated into the Austrian Empire; it covered current south-Polish and western-Ukrainian territories north of the Carpathians in the basin of the Vistula to Upper Dniester and Prut. Galicia featured not only a variety of ethnic groups living in it (Polish, Ukrainians, Jews, Germans, Armenians, etc.), but also a diversity in religions. The above-mentioned ethnic and religious differences were reflected in the cultural sphere whose richness of expressions drew attention of the first collectors of folk traditions among domestic authors and foreign researchers, whereby Balthasar Hacquet (1739–1815) can be mentioned as the first of them. The interest of researchers whose attention was directed rather to the National Revival and who saw in the folk culture the roots of national self-identity was based on different ideological premises. It was Pavel Josef Šafařík (1795–1861) who became the representative of Slavic ethnography and who - in cooperation with the Ukrainian (Malorossian) scholars Ivan D. Vahylevych and Jakov Holovacki - offered knowledge about Ukrainian (Ruthenian) culture in eastern Galicia. Karel František Vladislav Zap (1812–1871) was among significant Czech experts in Galicia; as a public servant he lived in Lviv at the turn of the 1830s and 1840s. His work features an effort for a critical but unbiased attitude to ethnical and economic problems of the country. The freer social life in Austria after the fall of Bach’s absolutism lead to the development of journalism. The ethnographic work of František Řehoř (1857–1899), who spent several years in the region, is of essential importance for Galicia. He published his essays, mostly of a popularizing nature, in Prague social and professional journals. His strengths included gathering of source material through field research, and collecting activities. The last important chapter of contact between Ukrainians from Galicia and the Czech lands dates back to the 1890s; it is connected with large exhibitions held in Prague and Lviv. However, the political situation in the Austro-Hungarian Empire caused their reception to be diametrically opposed. World War I, the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the formation of the successor states ended the flow of ethnographic journalism on Galicia for the Czech reader; the Czech-Ukrainian contacts continued, however, on a different basis.

13

Životní příběhy - výzkumy na pomezí mezi etnologií a historií

88%

Nosková J.

Národopisný věstník

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2009

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tom 26_(68)

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nr 1

157-170

EN

This paper deals with the life stories and with their research in ethnology and history. The author at first defines the term life story and refers to other possible terms which are used in the relevant scientific disciplines. He endeavors to point out characteristic features of this source - oral tradition, emergence on the researcher’s instigation, and describes the impact of those features on the ways how the life stories are utilized in ethnology and history with an accent on interdisciplinarity which is inherent in the study of those sources. Attention is paid to the research of narration and to performance studies which influenced the research of the life stories. The author means that concerns of ethnology and history often blend together, as proved e. g. by the researches of the ethnologist A. Lehmann.

14

Národopis, památková péče a muzea

88%

Kovářů V.

Národopisný věstník

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2009

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tom 26_(68)

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nr 1

218-220

EN

Heritage preservation is one of the fields where the results of the ethnological studies may be applied. The professional goals of Czech ethnographers include above all the documentation, but at the same time the care of monuments. It implies systematic field work: research, written as well as photographic documentation, registration, comparative studies. Classification of the detected artifacts of vernacular architecture is only one aspect of the professional ethnographic work in the institutes of heritage preservation. Close cooperation of researchers in those institutes with universities and museums, especially with the regional ones, may be considered as relatively successful. The videos, DVDs and CDs dealing with vernacular architecture technology and with the traditional procedures in the building trade are an extraordinary evidence of this symbiosis. From the point of view of the monument preservation, those films are drawn up as documentary films, however, the individual building operations are demonstrated herein. Screenplays of those films were elaborated with regard to the participation of the museum experts. the synergy of the ethnologists engaged in the monument preservation and the municipal government and state administration with their aim to enhance local or regional tradition cannot be overlooked. Participation inpreservation of a number of objects of vernacular architecture in particular villages enables the contemporary generation to learn about local building traditions, handcraft production, etc. Environment created like this is an ideal starting point for common cultural activities, stimulation of interest in the native place and region, previous generations and their way of life.

15

„Jaskiniowcy z Youtuba”. Fenomen kanałów prezentujących rozwój technologiczny w „pradziejach”

88%

Grupa M. , Nalaskowski F.

Raport

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2019

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tom 14

129-135

EN

The text presents the phenomenon of YouTube channels dedicated to recreating the life of primitive man. The prototype was David Malina from Australia, who launched the Primitive Technology channel in 2015. He went to the forest taking nothing but camera and shorts with him. For his viewers, he re-created the “technologies” available to ancient cultures. Imitators have quickly occurred. Currently, there are over 30 channels on YouTube, that are based on David’s original. The text characterizes these channels, critiques by, both, highlighting strengths and indicating the potential for use for purposes other than YouTube entertainment.

16

Kartki z dziejów gdańskiego ośrodka etnologicznego

88%

Splisgart J.

Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia

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2021

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nr 7

43-57

EN

Ethnological Studies at the University of Gdańsk were established in 2009, making Gdańsk Ethnology Department the youngest department among anthropology-related research institutions in Poland. The article discusses the history and development of Ethnology Studies in Gdańsk. It focuses on the academic profiles of scholars affiliated with the Department, their research and the achievements of their students. In particular, the author discusses achievements of Father Wojciech Bęben (Professor of Ethnology at the University of Gdańsk), who in 2009–2019 served as the Head of the Department of Ethnology (and Cultural Anthropology) at the University of Gdańsk.

17

Sport and Art: a View on the Worldwide and Connecting Area from the Perspective of Sports Science – or: about the Convergence of Two Worlds

88%

Kretschmann R. , Von Grabowiecki U.

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2012

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tom 55

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nr 1

5-16

EN

The two worlds of sport and art cannot be separated distinctly. Intersections can definitely be identified. Although the discipline “Sport-Art” has not yet been established as a sub-discipline of sport science, sporadic attempts of integration in higher education and academic discussion can be found. In the field of (fine) arts we meet sport in everyday life as so-called practical and commercial art. The fusion is also obvious in the fields of music, art history, and literature. The convergence of the two worlds is clearest in the structural analogy of the genesis of composition, performing arts, literature, and movement products. Finally, a pedagogical postulate is posited that should be understood as a demand for an (school) education that integrates art and sport.

18

Ethnology in Slovakia in Crucial Historical Periods (after 1968 and 1989): From a Historical to a Social Sciences Discipline?

88%

Kiliánová G.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2017

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tom 27

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nr 5

65 - 76

EN

The contribution deals with the history of ethnology in Slovakia at the time of Czechoslovak period of “normalization” (1969–1989) and after essential political changes in 1989. The author focusses on the history of ethnology within the Institute of Ethnography of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (later the Institute of Ethnology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences) as a leading workplace in ethnography / ethnology in the second half of the 20th and in the 21st centuries. The author relies on the premise that political changes created new social processes to which the actors in those processes replied and which they co-created. In this case, it is the Academy employees that are understood as actors. The author observes the following issues: What was the impact of political changes from 1969 and after 1989 on the institutional changes in the Slovak Academy of Sciences, the adaptation of legislative regulations and the organization of scientific work? What was the scientific orientation of ethnography/ethnology in the Academy in the two observed periods; that means under the conditions of two different political systems? What were the results of the scientific programme between 1969 and 1989 and after 1989? Was the discipline’s paradigm changed? Was the originally historical science converted to a social science?

19

Physical Culture in the Tradition and Rites of the Tatar Population Inhabiting Polish Territory

88%

Szum E. , Cieoeliński R.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2012

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tom 19

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nr 2

91-96

EN

This report presents the findings of a qualitative study on the physical culture of the Tatar community inhabiting Polish territory. Historical elements of the physical culture of the Tatar community have been presented against the background of general characteristics of this ethnic group and the history of the presence of Tatars on Polish soil. The article shows particular aspects of the Tatar tradition of physical culture and its place in Tatar national culture. This is the first known report on the physical culture of this ethnic group on the ground of ethnology or cultural anthropology.

20

Current Manifestations of the Ethnic Identity of Transylvanian Saxons

88%

Drs T.

Ethnologia Actualis

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2015

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tom 15

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nr 2

46-65

EN

The study ‘Current Manifestations of the Ethnic Identity of Transylvanian Saxons’ presents this ethnic minority in Romania. Based on the theoretical concepts of T. H. Eriksen, it deals with the issues of the ethnic identity and its contemporary manifestations in the culture of Transylvanian Saxons. Information gathered during the qualitative field research make it possible to capture changes in the manifestations of the ethnic identity and the relationship between the minority and the majority culture. As a result of modernization processes and large-scale emigration, there has been a change of the group’s mentality, with traditional behaviour patterns and models of social coexistence disintegrating. The need has arisen to revise the ethnic identity of the community. The observed aspects of the ethnic identity include ethnicity and Saxon self-concept, Saxon dialect, Saxon Evangelical Church, festivities, minority education and interethnic relations. Attention is also paid to the opinions of Saxon politicians and intellectuals of the current situation of the society and its future direction.