Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Toxicological Significance of the Occurrence of Selenium in Foods

100%

Adewale G. G. , Olajide P. A. , Omowumi O. S. , Okunlola D. D. , Taiwo A. M. , Adetuyi B. O.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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tom 44

63-88

EN

The presence of selenium (Se) in foods and the pertinent toxicological data are reviewed. In most regions of the world, the average daily intake of man is thought to be between 60 and 250 micrograms for adults and between 4 and 35 micrograms for infants. The current practice of adding selenium supplements to animal feeds may increase the selenium content of meats by up to 30%, but this does not result in a biologically meaningful increase in the selenium intake of people. Se is mostly absorbed after ingestion, according to the available metabolic data. Up to 50% of it is eliminated in the urine, while the remaining percentage builds up primarily in the liver and kidneys. Recent epidemiological and animal studies show that Se is not a carcinogen, and in some cases may have anti-cancer properties. Neither the essentiality for man, nor the no-effect level of Se have been established.

2

A review on drug-diet interaction

100%

Adio W. S. , Ogunwole A. C. , Mary F. I.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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tom 43

108-125

EN

Food-drug interactions can have a significant impact on the efficacy of pharmacological treatment and the adverse effect profiles of many treatments. Interactions are not necessarily harmful to therapy, but they can be employed to promote drug absorption or reduce side effects in some circumstances. Drug interactions with grapefruit juice, in particular, have gotten a lot of attention recently. As new drugs are approved at a faster rate, there is less information accessible concerning their side effects and interactions once they hit the market. The use of herbal medicines and dietary supplements is a second source of worry. These items are not subjected to rigorous testing and may contain little or no of the ingredient listed on the label. Some of the herbs utilized have the potential to interact negatively with prescription medications. Mahuang (ephedra) and fever few are two noteworthy examples. Mahuang is a stimulant that can lead to hypertension in those who are on monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Fever fever has anticoagulant qualities that can help warfarin work better. The majority of food-drug interactions occur due to one of three mechanisms: decreased absorption rate or extent, enhanced absorption rate or extent, or chemical/pharmacologic effects. Acid-labile medicines, such as penicillin G, ampicillin, and dicloxacillin, are destroyed when there is an increase in stomach acid. In other circumstances, dietary components like calcium or iron may create compounds with the medicine that make it harder to absorb. Tetracycline, sodium fluoride, and ciprofloxacin are some examples. Food, calcium, and practically everything, including orange juice and coffee, interfere with lendronate absorption. The exact process through which food interferes with absorption is unknown in many circumstances. The area under the curve (AUC) may be comparable regardless of how the drug is administered; delayed absorption does not always diminish total overall exposure to the drug.

3

Effects of indoor cycling associated with diet on body composition and serum lipids

100%

do Valle V. , de Mello D. , Fortes M. d. S. , Dantas E.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2009

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tom 1

11-15

EN

Study aim: To determine the effects of indoor cycling training combined with restricted diet, lasting 12 weeks, on serum lipid concentrations in obese women.Material and methods: Twenty women aged 23.8 ± 3.6 years were randomly assigned into two groups: control (C) and experimental (E), the latter subjected to indoor cycling at various loads, 3 sessions weekly, every session lasting 45 min, combined with restricted diet (about 1200 kcal daily) for 12 weeks. The following variables were recorded: body height and mass, BMI, relative body fat content (from 7 skinfolds), fat-free mass, triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL).Results: Significant increase in HDL and significant decreases in all other variables (except body height) were noted only in the experimental group.Conclusions: Indoor cycling associated with restricted diet is an excellent option in controlling obesity and serum lipids.

4

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) - a new factor linking immunity to diet?

88%

Bienertova-Vasku J. , Bienert P. , Zlamal F. , Tomandl J. , Forejt M. , Tomandlova M. , Vavrina M. , Kudelková J. , Splichal Z. , Vasku A.

Open Medicine

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2012

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tom 7

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nr 3

275-283

EN

B cell activation factor (BAFF) is a recently discovered member of the TNF ligand superfamily secreted by adipocytes, previously linked to autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BAFF plasma levels and the non-modified, usual dietary composition as well as obesity-related anthropometric parameters in a cohort of 58 obese and non-obese Central-European Caucasian individuals. We found that BAFF had an independent predictive role for percentage of body fat; moreover, BAFF levels were correlated with waist and hip circumference. BAFF plasma levels were also significantly correlated with investigated dietary composition based on the 7-day food records, as the BAFF levels correlated with the percentage of energy derived from the carbohydrates and with energy derived from the dietary fat. Our results suggest that BAFF may play a role in linking the immune status and metabolic response to diet.

5

FRUCTOSE AFFECTS FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN LIVER CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS IN RATS

88%

TYSZKA- CZOCHARA M. , GDULA- ARGASIŃSKA J. , PAŚKO P. , LIBROWSKI T. , GAWEŁ M. , OLBERT M. , LIPKOWSKA A.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2014

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tom 26

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nr 102

42- 46

EN

It was reported that dietary fructose imposes a number of effects on lipid metabolism including hypertriglyceridemia. The daily intake of fructose in humans is mainly due to sucrose. It was reported that the consumption is still increasing, making a background for health implications. The mechanism of metabolic disorders is poorly understood, but a lot of studies indicate that the liver lipid homeostasis deregulation is essential for a fructose effect on metabolism. The aim of the study is to estimate if fructose affects the profile of fatty acids in in vitro and in vivo models. In this study in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the effect of dietary fructose on the fatty acid profile in the cell culture or in the liver of rats. The results showed that in the fructose experimental groups, both in the cell and liver homogenates, the content of the saturated fatty acids were significantly higher than in control groups. According to the obtained data fructose in the medium and in the diet affects saturation of fatty acids in the cell cultures and in the livers of rats. The findings obtained in the experiments support the thesis that fructose influences the homeostasis of lipid metabolism in the liver and may give an opportunity to discuss the limitation of the content of this kind of sugar in food.

6

Nutrition and peritoneal dialysis patients – a review

88%

Kourkouta L. , Monios A. , Frantzana E. , Iliadis C.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2015

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tom 5

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nr 2

205-210

EN

Introduction: The Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a preferable treatment option of the renal replacement in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) end stage. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review of articles published related to the contribution of nutrition to health promotion of patients undergoing haemodialysis.Materials and methods: A review of the Greek and international literature on the subject was Performed through the electronic databases Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus and the Association of Greek Academic Libraries Link (Heal-Link), using as key words the following terms:haemodialysis, renal failure, peritoneal dialysis, nutrition.Most of the articles used in this literature review were recently published. Only few old - dated articles were included in the study and the reason was their significant contribution to the field. The exclusion criteria for the articles were the languages except from English and Greek.Results:Patient’s diet must contain 1.3 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. Consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates should be limited. Patients should consume foods with the adequate quantity of phosphorus and potassium. Finally, they should have their sodium levels and fluid intake checked because sodium causes severe thirst that can lead to excessive fluid intake. As a result, the patient experiences swelling, shortness of breath and high blood pressure.Conclusion: Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis must be checked regularly and pay special attention to their diets.

7

Prozdrowotne zachowania konsumentów na światowym rynku żywieniowym

63%

Hanus G.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2017

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tom 326

75-88

PL

Współcześnie naukowcy podkreślają związek pomiędzy spożywaną żywnością a stanem zdrowia jednostek. Rośnie także świadomość żywieniowa konsumentów, a ich wybory żywieniowe są skoncentrowane na zdrowiu. Niniejszy artykuł o charakterze przeglądowym miał na celu omówienie prozdrowotnych zachowań konsumentów i czynników je kształtujących na podstawie wtórnych źródeł informacji. W toku analiz ustalono, że konsumenci wybierają różne sposoby postępowania w celu osiągnięcia dobrego stanu zdrowia. Jedni decydują się na wybrany model żywieniowy, inni nabywają żywność organiczną lub funkcjonalną, wierząc, że zawarte w nich składniki odżywcze mogą być odpowiednią alternatywą dla leków farmaceutycznych. Zauważono także istotne różnice w nastawieniu i zachowaniu w stosunku do żywności prozdrowotnej pomiędzy przedstawicielami różnych pokoleń.

EN

Nowadays, scientists put emphasize on link between kind of food which human consumes and his health condition. We observe the increasing of consumers’ nutritional awareness. Therefore their food choices are focused on health. The aim of this article is to identify the pro-healthy behaviors of consumers and their determinants based on secondary sources of information published over the period of 2001-2015. Across the studies covered by this paper it was found that consumers choose a diffrent ways to achieve good health. Some of them decide to be on diet, other just purchase organic or functional food, believing that they contain nutrients, which may be an appropriate alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. Significant differences in attitudes and behaviors towards healthy foods between representatives of different generations were also noted.

8

O potrzebie przywrócenia sądu honorowego i wprowadzenia przeprosin poselskich i senatorskich do polskiego prawa parlamentarnego

44%

Wiszowaty M. M.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

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2017

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nr 5 (39)

101-125

PL

Nie istnieje uniwersalny model regulacji prawnej etyki parlamentarnej. Kwestie te są regulowane w różnych krajach w drodze aktów różnego rangi – zazwyczaj w ustawach lub regulaminach parlamentarnych. Istnieją kraje, w których dochodzenie roszczeń z tytułu naruszenia przez posła dóbr osobistych następuje na zasadach ogólnych, przede wszystkim w drodze powództwa cywilnego. W niektórych państwach prawo przewiduje szczególne sankcje za naruszenie etyki parlamentarnej. Tradycyjną formą zadośćuczynienia, odwołująca się do reguł postępowania honorowego rycerstwa i szlachty, są różne formy przeprosin: osobistych, pisemnych, za pośrednictwem mediów i szczególnie interesującego rodzaju przeprosin – wobec całego parlamentu (izb) jako „obrażonego”. Międzywojenna historia polskiego parlamentaryzmu notuje ciekawe przykłady instytucji: sądu honorowego, który zajmował się sprawami obrazy jednego z członków parlamentu przez drugiego oraz sądu marszałkowskiego, zwoływanego w przypadku naruszenia honoru członka izby przez osobę spoza parlamentu. Sąd honorowy przetrwał do pierwszych lat okresu komunistycznego. Od 1997 r. w polskim Sejmie działa komisja etyki poselskiej, której tryb pracy i system sankcji – nie spełniają swoich celów. Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie innowacyjnych i restytucyjnych zmian w polskim prawie w zakresie reguł i odpowiedzialności za naruszenie etyki parlamentarnej. Polegają przede wszystkim na przywróceniu instytucji sądu honorowego oraz wprowadzeniu obowiązku przeprosin składanych przez posłów i senatorów za naruszenie zasad etyki parlamentarnej.

EN

There is no universal regulatory model of parliamentary ethics. The issues of parliamentary ethics are regulated in various countries by acts of varying degrees, usually statutes and parliamentary standing orders. There are countries where redress for abusive conduct of MPs is subject to general rules such as civil liability. Law in other states provides specific sanctions and means of redress for breach of ethics. Traditional forms of redress, referring to the rules of honor procedure of knighthood and nobility, include various forms of apology: personal, written, in mass media, and a particularly interesting type of apologies – to the whole parliament (chambers) as an offended “person”. The inter-war history of the Polish parliament provides an interesting example of an honorary court institution that dealt with cases of offence of one member by the other and the marshal’s court – gathering in case of the violation of the honor of a member by a non-parliamentarian. The honorary court survived until the first years of the communist period. Since 1997, there has been a parliamentary commission in the Polish Parliament, whose mode of operation and system of sanctions’ apply – does not meet its task. The aim of this article is to propose innovative and restorative changes in the area of the subject matter in Poland -- first of all – the restoration of court of Honour and the introduction of an apology from MPs and Senators for breach of ethics.