Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Aging and longevity genes.

100%

Michal Jazwinski S.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2000

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

269-279

EN

The genetics of aging has made substantial strides in the past decade. This progress has been confined primarily to model organisms, such as filamentous fungi, yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and mice, in which some thirty-five genes that determine life span have been cloned. These genes encode a wide array of cellular functions, indicating that there must be multiple mechanisms of aging. Nevertheless, some generalizations are already beginning to emerge. It is now clear that there are at least four broad physiological processes that play a role in aging: metabolic control, resistance to stress, gene dysregulation, and genetic stability. The first two of these at least are common themes that connect aging in yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies, and this convergence extends to caloric restriction, which postpones senescence and increases life span in rodents. Many of the human homologs of the longevity genes found in model organisms have been identified. This will lead to their use as candidate human longevity genes in population genetic studies. The urgency for such studies is great: The population is graying, and this research holds the promise of improvement in the quality of the later years of life.

2

Mutualizm czynnika politycznego i psychologicznego w kontekście starzenia się społeczeństw

100%

Diec A. , Diec J.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2015

|

nr 2(17)

109-116

EN

Aging is a significant characteristic of modern world’s population despite some regional differences. It strongly influences both the political sphere and the mental one, which are profoundly interrelat- ed. Aged democratic societies contrary to the ones governed by authoritarian regimes tend to impose a characteristic input of social demands to the system claiming a conversion towards solutions which might be less acceptable to the younger part of the population. This poses a threat of young adults’ mi- gration and in the same way some intensification of a new social burden. Older societies because of their average mental construction present more rational elective preferences, rely more on recommendation and habits, fossilizing the political stage. On the other hand, the political factor may affect the mental sphere of aging societies as well both because of physical/economic reasons and direct psychological im- pact. In the first case the matter of dispute lies mostly in fear and frustration caused by limited abilities of self-defense whereas the direct impact boils down to such outputs as strengthening stereotypical stig- matization, the feeling of marginalization or anxiety of a person whose contextual world is fading away.

3

Cognitive functions and neurotropic factors associated with aging: A review

80%

Budni J.

Horyzonty Wychowania

|

2017

|

tom 16

|

nr 40

59-71

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present article was to make a narrative review about the relation of cognitive functions and neurotrophic factors with aging. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem concerns the issue of aging and the changes in cognitive and biochemical functioning that may occur in this process. The article uses the method of critical analyzes as well as the analyzes of the reference literature. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The first section of the article discusses population aging, the second addresses changes related to cognitive functions during aging. The third part show biochemical aspects that can directly influence the cognitive functions already mentioned, and on aging in general. RESEARCH RESULTS: The result of this review points out that the world population is aging in an accelerated way and during this process of aging there are several changes in the organism of the elderly, among which stand out the cognitive and biochemical, one being directly related to the other. In this case, there is a relation of the neurotrophic factors, which may be responsible for the changes in cognitive functions, specifically spatial memory alterations. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is necessary that more studies be carried out with this population, which may trace the elderly with cognitive impairment that may be suggestive or conclusive of a neurodegenerative disease. In addition, biochemical data may contribute to the search for new therapeutic models or early identification for Alzheimer’s disease or other associated dementias.

4

Biological Symptoms of Aging in Women Regarding Physical Activity and Lifestyle

80%

Stachoń A. , Burdukiewicz A. , Pietraszewska J. , Andrzejewska J. , Chromik K.

Human Movement

|

2010

|

tom 11

|

nr 2

172-178

EN

Purpose. Menopause in many women is related to worse health conditions, increased diseases incidence and body mass. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the differentiation of the involutional changes related to the climacteric period depends on women's physical activity and selected aspects of lifestyle. The following aging indices were analyzed: age of menopause, value of blood parameters, disease incidence, BMI. Basic procedures. The research, conducted in the health care units, was based on the survey approved by the Bioethical Committee at the Jagiellonian University. The data of 896 women above the age of 40 were used in the research. Basic statistics were calculated and tests of significance of differences and correlation were applied. Main findings. There is no significant relationship between the level of physical activity, the type of work performed and the age of menopause. However, women performing white-collar work and practicing sports enter menopause last. In smokers the age of menopause lowered. Women using vegetarian diets and women with high BMI values go through menopause later. High BMI values and nicotine addiction are significantly related to the increased level of blood sugar, diabetes incidence and high blood pressure. The cholesterol level is significantly related to the age of the subjects. The percentage of increased cholesterol level is smaller in women practicing sports who have also significantly lower BMI values than those who do not go in for any sports. Conclusions. The analysis of health and aging indices confirms the highest correlation between BMI and the external factors. Moreover, regarding the specificity of hormonal changes during climacterium, overweight and obese women go through menopause later.

5

"You Think You Are Too Old to Play?" Playing Games and Aging

80%

Bronikowska M. , Bronikowski M. , Schott N.

Human Movement

|

2011

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

24-30

EN

Health deteriorates with age due to hormonal changes and reduced physical, mental and social activity. In turn, this deterioration can lead to a wide range of problems including a fear of undertaking any forms of physical movements. Reports from exercise-based studies indicate there might be considerable improvement with appropriately programmed exercise workloads. However, the lasting effect of such programmes seem to be doubtful as a lot of the elderly drop out along the way, sensing it to be too "organized" and too stressful. Therefore, we claim that some traditional games, as a form of physical activity, can serve its role in engaging elderly adults. They do not require high level of specialization and technical perfection and may also be useful as a form of physiotherapy, particularly with elderly individuals who suffer age- and health-related problems.Play as a form of physical, playful activity is essential for healthy development of any individual as it seems to facilitate the linkages of language, emotion, movement, socialization and cognition. As a movement activity, it is a rather free-spirit activity that makes a positive difference in brain development and human functioning. Although rooted in biological aspects of life, play needs to be associated with cultural aspects of human development. Especially with the elderly population, this social and also cognitive stimulation is sometimes more important than physical. So in our paper we ask: what potentially positive effects can a traditional play/game have on the elderly people?Since there has been no research on the health-related effectiveness of such games, in this article we will highlight this problem from a number of different angles as a proposal for various community-based exercise programmes. This will allow us to design and adapt those games, specially to the health needs and social interests of this particular section of the population. It is also meant to serve as a proposal for potential future research.

6

Aging of Society and in Society

80%

Halicka M.

Pedagogika Społeczna

|

2018 (R. XVII)

|

nr 3(69)

33-44

EN

Attention in the article is focused on the basic concepts in the gerontological sense, namely: aging, old age and elderly people. The in-depth analysis concerned three areas of issues: aging of society, aging in society and proposals of preparation for old age. Aging is a process that affects everyone and should be prevented. Demanding and even challenging older people is one of the methods.

7

Rehabilitation in elderly patients with dizziness and balance unsteadiness

80%

Krajewski K. , Rosiak O. , Szczepanik M. , Walak J. , Woszczak M. , Gawrońska A. , Józefowicz-Korczyńska M.

Otolaryngologia Polska

|

2018

|

tom 72(1)

5-10

EN

Introduction: In elderly patients the dizziness and balance disorders may be elicited by the central nervous system dysfunction on various levels, caused be aging process and the coexisting diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation in elderly patients with dizziness and balance unsteadiness.Material and methods: Out of the 84 patients over 65 years, with central vestibular impairment diagnosed in videonystagmography VNG, 31 with dizziness and balance unsteadiness, were enrolled to the study. Otolaryngological examination, Tinetti test, Time and Go test (TUG) and Functional Reach (FR) tests were conducted in all patients. They were assessed twice before and after 2 weeks of vestibular rehabilitation (VR). Training sessions took place five times a week.Results: Statistically significant improvement in total DHI and 3 subscale were observed after therapy. As many as 70% of patients presented better outcome in the gait and stability tests - in Time and Go test (TUG) an average score of 15.3 seconds, in Tinetti test an average of 22 points (low chance to fall) and in the FR test 27 cm were observed.Conclusion: In elderly patients, vestibular rehabilitation is a method that significantly improves posture and gait stability. In ageing patients with dizziness and unsteadiness clinical, functional and objective tests could confirm diagnosis and monitor VR therapy.

8

Effect of Wearing the Cosmed K4b2Metabolic System on 1 Mile Walking Performance in Older Adults

80%

Gault M. , Clements R. , Willems M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2009

|

tom 21

41-48

EN

This study examined in older adults the effects of wearing the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system with face mask during the 1-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test (RFWT). A randomised cross-over design was used (13 males, 12 females, age: 67±4 (yrs). Walking time, walking speed and final heart rate were recorded and predicted VO2max calculated. Participants had a constant walking speed during the RFWT (P = 0.24) not influenced by wearing the Cosmed K4b2. Using Bland-Altman analysis, bias for walking time, heart rate and predicted VO2max was not significant. The predicted VO2max wearing the Cosmed K4b2 was within 0.05±0.36 L·min-1. Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system with face mask did not influence 1-mile walking performance in older adults. This observation allows the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system to be used during walking tests in older adults to examine metabolic and physiologic adaptations by controlled exercise interventions.

9

Economic struggles, resilience and agency: ageing market women redefining ‘Old’ in Kampala, Uganda

80%

Nsibirano R. , Kabonesa C. , Lutwama-Rukundo E. , Mugisha Baine E. M.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

|

2020

|

tom 21

|

nr 1

90-115

EN

This article documents evidence from a qualitative study in which 67 in–depth interviews and a focus group discussion were conducted with aging and old market women. The study focused on what ‘old’ means, how aging and old market women redefine the meaning of ‘old’ to gain economic independence. The findings indicate that the meaning is still greatly attached to physical changes; there are differences in how different individuals respond to the changes, some challenge the gender stereotypes and prejudice attached to old age and show resilience. Indicators of resilience among market women included: an active economic lifestyle, asset ownership, the freedom to socialize and ability to make decisions about what it is they value, and ability to earn an income. Indeed, aging women in market trade have reduced dependence. To these women, seniority in age was no longer a challenge, nor a source of distress; rather, a motivator for pushing forward. Based on the findings, the authors recommend extension of social security grants to enable even more old persons to start and maintain economically rewarding ventures.

10

RECENT POPULATION DEVELOPMENT OF VERY SMALL MUNICIPALITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

80%

Lešková A. , Vaishar A.

Quaestiones Geographicae

|

2019

|

tom 38

|

nr 4

EN

The problem of municipalities under 200 inhabitants is discussed. There are 1,500 such municipalities (24%) in the Czech Republic. Many of them came to existence after 1989 when the independence of communes was considered part of the democratisation process regardless of the population number. This paper aims at a statistical evaluation of municipalities with fewer than 200 inhabitants and presents their geographical distribution, demographic development and analysis of their aging. In general, 70% of these very small municipalities have been growing since 2001. The smallest of them have the highest percentage of the population decline and are the most endangered by aging. Very small municipalities with the highest population growth are situated mainly in the vicinity of larger towns, the ones with the highest population decline are located mainly in peripheral areas at the border of regions.

11

Turystyka i aktywny wypoczynek jako element stylu życia seniorów

80%

Hołowiecka B. , Grzelak-Kostulska E. , Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu I. G.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2013

|

tom 291

EN

This article deals with the relationships between seniors’ lifestyles and their health and quality of life with respect to the determinants and consequences of aging. As found, considering the complex and dynamically changing set of factors determining individuals’ lifestyles the elderly “withdraw from life” too early and too far. This worrying finding brings into attention active recreation as an approach allowing people to maintain physical fitness, mental health and social activity, and thus being capable of postponing the most severe effects of aging. Before presenting the potential of active tourism as a useful instrument of active recreation, the social consequences of aging and the special character of „seniors” as a social group are discussed in terms of what enables and what restricts the use of free time. This provides a background for showing the functions of tourism as an activity having a beneficial effect not only on physical and mental health, but also on the social interaction of elderly people. Active recreation effectively compensates for losses caused by economic inactivity and withdrawal from certain social roles by building various social relations (including intergenerational) and breaking isolation, as well as by initiating a learning process based on new experiences and contacts, and developing interests and skills that strengthen the feeling of independence, self-confidence and self-esteem. Active tourism, adjusted to the needs and capabilities of elderly people, may make a measurable contribution to better quality of their lives.

12

80%

Strosznajder J. B. , Jęśko H. , Strosznajder R. P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2000

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

331-337

EN

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a conserved enzyme involved in the regulation of DNA repair and genome stability. The role of PARP during aging is not well known. In this study PARP activity was investigated in nuclear fractions from hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex of adult (4 months), old adult (14 months) and aged (24-27 months) rats. Concomitantly, the free radical evoked lipid peroxidation was estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The specific activity of PARP in adult brain was about 25, 21 and 16 pmol/mg protein per min in hippocampus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, respectively. The enzyme activity was higher in all investigated parts of the brain of old adults. In aged animals PARP activity was lower in hippocampus by about 50%, and was unchanged in cerebral cortex and in cerebellum comparing to adult rats. The concentration of TBARS was the same in all parts of the brain and remained unchanged during aging. There is no direct correlation between PARP activity and free radical evoked lipid peroxidation during brain aging. The lowered enzyme activity in aged hippocampus may decrease DNA repair capacity which subsequently may be responsible for the higher vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to different toxic insults.

13

Postoje ľudí stredného veku k procesom starnutia vo vzťahu k miere ich sebakontroly a starostlivosti o seba

80%

Ráczová B. , Klasová L.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

|

2012

|

tom 6

|

nr 1

12-23

EN

The study is linked to our previous research that focused on the analysis of attitudes of middleaged people towards aging in relation to their level of self-control and life satisfaction. The aim of the presented study was to find out the relationship between positive and negative attitudes of middle-aged people towards aging on one side and their level of self-control and self-care on the other. The sample consisted of 121 respondents (82 women and 39 men) between 40 and 50 years of age. Three methodologies were used in the research: RAQ (Gething, 1994, Scale tracing attitudes to processes of aging), Scale of self-control (SCS) (Tangney, Baumeister, Boone, 2004) and questionnaire monitoring the level of self-care (Lovaš, 2010). Analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and one-way dispersion analysis. The results supported that respondents with negative attitude to aging show lower level of self-control and also lower level of self-care and, vice versa, that respondents with positive attitude show higher level of self-control and self-care – as confirmed by the analysis. The results revealed medium level of relation between self-control and self-care. Generic differences proved true only in the case of self-care.

SK

Prezentovaná štúdia1 sa týka výskumu postojov strednej generácie k procesom starnutia vo vzťahu k miere sebakontroly a celkovej životnej spokojnosti. Naším cieľom bolo zistiť vzťah medzi pozitívnym a negatívnym postojom k starnutiu ľudí v strednom veku a mierou starostlivosti o seba a sebakontrolou. Vzorku tvorilo 121 (39 mužov a 82 žien) respondentov/tiek vo vekovom rozpätí 40 - 50 rokov. Vo výskume boli použité 3 metodiky: RAQ (Gething, 1994, Škála zaznamenávajúca postoje k procesom starnutia), Škála sebakontroly SCS (Tangney, Baumeister, Boone, 2004) a dotazník monitorujúci mieru starostlivosti o seba (Lovaš, 2010). Pri analýze bola použitá deskriptívna štatistika, korelačná analýza a jednovchodová analýza rozptylu. Výsledky ukázali, že respondenti s negatívnym postojom vykazujú nižšiu mieru sebakontroly a v súvislosti s tým aj nižšiu mieru starostlivosti o seba, a naopak respondenti s pozitívnym postojom vykazujú vyššiu mieru sebakontroly a vyššiu mieru starostlivosti - čo analýza potvrdila. Výsledky poukazujú na strednú mieru vzťahu medzi sebakontrolou a starostlivosťou o seba. Rodové rozdiely sa preukázali len v starostlivosti o seba.

14

Modelling the community support for seniors. The case studies in low- and middle-income countries

80%

Gawron G.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

|

2018

|

nr 510

32-48

EN

In 2014 WHO issued a call for preparing case studies on community-based initiatives that support older people in low- and middle-income countries. Finally, seven case studies were completed with one cancellation. The main objective for this article is to match the selected initiatives to available in the literature five main theoretical models of social support. They will be used as a theoretical basis for the analysis. It seems very interesting if studied initiatives that operate in different conditions of social and cultural development will implement similar or different mechanisms of social support for seniors and whether it will be possible to assign these initiatives to one of the previously described models.

15

Fostering digital literacy in the elderly as a means to secure their health needs and human rights in the reality of the twenty-first century

80%

Susło R. , Paplicki M. , Dopierała K. , Drobnik J.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

|

2018

|

nr 3

271-275

16

Effect of aging on UVC-induced apoptosis of rat splenocytes.

80%

Radziszewska E. , Piwocka K. , Bielak-Żmijewska A. , Skierski J. , Sikora E.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2000

|

tom 47

|

nr 2

339-347

EN

UVC-induced apoptotic symptoms such as morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression were examined in primary splenocyte cultures from young (3 months) and old (24 months) rats. The activities of AP-1 and CRE transcription factors in UVC-irradiated splenocytes were also assessed. At 24 h after UVC irradiation 40% of cells derived from young rats were found to be apoptotic, which was twice as much as in splenocytes from old rats. Apoptosis in cells from old rats did not give typical symptoms like a "DNA ladder" and Bcl-2 protein downregulation, in contrast to splenocytes from young rats. No AP-1 transcription factor activity was found in UVC-irradiated splenocytes from old animals and only a trace activity in splenocytes from young animals. This indicates that, UVC-induced apoptosis in rat splenocytes is practically AP-1 independent and that cells from old rats are less sensitive to UVC irradiation than splenocytes from young rats.

17

Effect of Capital Conversion in the Form of a Reverse Mortgage on Benefits for Senior Citizens in Major Cities of Poland

80%

Buzałek P. , Czechowska I. D.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

|

2021

|

nr Numer Specjalny

51-66

EN

The aging of population is a common problem in the modern economy and finance. Reverse mortgage is one of alternative ways of raising citizens’ standard of living after retiring by obtaining financial benefits accumulated in a residential property. The aim of the study is to evaluate a role of equity release service in providing additional household income for senior citizens illustrated by the case of a reverse mortgage. This type of service consists in transformation of non-liquid, tied-up in property capital into liquid financial resources. Thanks to capital conversion, senior citizens can supplement retirement benefits without a need to leave their property. The research hypothesis verified in the study stated that benefits paid as equity release in the form of a reverse mortgage provided greater support for women than for men. That hypothesis was rejected.

18

Hydrothermal degradation of zirconia ceramics

80%

Andrzejczuk M. , Lewandowska M. , Kosmač T. , Kurzydłowski K. J.

Advances in Materials Science

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 7, nr 2(12)

76-85

EN

The surface degradation of yttria doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y - TZP) subjected to steam at a temperature of 200°C for various periods of times was investigated. The samples were obtained from two powders having different specific surface areas and mean particle sizes. The powders were sintered at three temperatures 1350, 1400 and 1450°C. The meas-urements of the depth of the degraded 1ayer and an analysis of its phase composition were carried out using SEM and X-ray diffraction. SEM analysis revealed that the degradation was much more advanced on samples sintered at the higher temperatures. The results revealed that in the material sintered at higher temperatures (l400°C and l450°C) the near surface zone had trans-formed into the monoclinic phase. This occurred even after the shortest time of exposure (6 hours). Additionally, it was found that samples prepared from finer powder were less resistant to phase transformation and surface degradation. The role of residual stress in the process of Y - TZP degradation is discussed.

19

Dependence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae post-reproductive lifespan on the reproductive potential

80%

Zadrag-Tecza R. , Molon M. , Mamczur J. , Bilinski T.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2013

|

tom 60

|

nr 1

111-115

EN

The lifespan of budding yeast cells is divided into two stages: reproductive and post-reproductive. The post-reproductive stage of the yeast's lifespan has never been characterized before. We have analyzed the influence of various mutations on the post-reproductive (PRLS) and replicative (RLS) lifespans. The results indicate that PRLS demonstrates an inverse relationship with RLS. The observed lack of differences in the total lifespan (TLS) (expressed in units of time) of strains differing up to five times in RLS (expressed in the number of daughters formed) suggests the necessity of revision of opinions concerning the use of yeast as a model organism of gerontology.

20

Rehabilitation in elderly patients with dizziness and balance unsteadiness

80%

Krajewski K. , Rosiak O. , Szczepanik M. , Walak J. , Woszczak M. , Gawrońska A. , Józefowicz-Korczyńska M.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

|

2018

|

tom 72

|

nr 1

5-10

EN

Introduction: In elderly patients the dizziness and balance disorders may be elicited by the central nervous system dysfunction on various levels, caused be aging process and the coexisting diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation in elderly patients with dizziness and balance unsteadiness.Material and methods: Out of the 84 patients over 65 years, with central vestibular impairment diagnosed in videonystagmography VNG, 31 with dizziness and balance unsteadiness, were enrolled to the study. Otolaryngological examination, Tinetti test, Time and Go test (TUG) and Functional Reach (FR) tests were conducted in all patients. They were assessed twice before and after 2 weeks of vestibular rehabilitation (VR). Training sessions took place five times a week.Results: Statistically significant improvement in total DHI and 3 subscale were observed after therapy. As many as 70% of patients presented better outcome in the gait and stability tests - in Time and Go test (TUG) an average score of 15.3 seconds, in Tinetti test an average of 22 points (low chance to fall) and in the FR test 27 cm were observed.Conclusion: In elderly patients, vestibular rehabilitation is a method that significantly improves posture and gait stability. In ageing patients with dizziness and unsteadiness clinical, functional and objective tests could confirm diagnosis and monitor VR therapy.