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EN
In the author’s opinion, the proposed provisions – contrary to their nomenclature – introduce an institution of samesex marriages. Therefore they may be considered incompatible with Article 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The proposed regulations regarding the dissolution of the partnership provide less protection to the children of partners than the children of one of them adopted by the other, what is inconsistent with the constitutional principle of equality. Besides the bills contain many legal shortcomings.
EN
Paneurhythmy is a group psycho-physical practice created in Europe, involving marked social interaction. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about Paneurhythmy, and to discuss its potential as a means of development of partnership and social skills. This article offers a brief introduction into Paneurhythmy. The basic characteristics of Paneurhythmy practices providing appropriate conditions for the improvement of partnership skills are formulated and explained. By means of analysis, discussion and examples, it is shown how Paneurhythmy for beginners and its further practice can develop skills for successful partnership with children and adults. The existent empirical and theoretical studies on the subject to date have been specified, confirming the cultivation of partnership and social skills through Paneurhythmy. Paneurhythmy has an extremely big potential for the development of partnership skills and for the improvement of social functioning. In this respect, the most important characteristics of Paneurhythmy are the following: group practice in pairs, an appropriate aim of the practice, the right music, common rhythm and synchronization of movements, specific distances between participants, typical characteristics and expressiveness of participants’ movements, Paneurhythmy philosophy, sharing space, suitable lyrics of Paneurhythmy songs, figures for the arrangement of participants, acting social roles and broadening the range of awareness. Paneurhythmy is a widely-accessible new instrument for personal and social development. This is confirmed by the existent scientific studies, revealing that, with children and adults, both initial training and further practising Paneurhythmy leads to the improvement of interpersonal relations and social skills.
EN
One of the main challenges facing EU territories is the development of strategies to better adapt to changing global socio-economic trends. Lifelong education and training is a main strategic tool and a key component in the achievement of EU goals. One component of the lifelong education concept is Vocational Education and Training (VET), aimed at closing the gap between workers’ skills and qualification and changing demand in labour markets. Although local partnerships seem to be an adequate tool to implement VET strategies, some authors identify obstacles that can be attributed to bad practices. Thus, more evidence is needed to support the idea that local development and public-private partnerships are optimal organisational environments for the design and implementation of VET strategies and actions at local and sub-regional levels. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to an analysis of the state of the art as regards local VET partnerships in Europe and to provide recommendations for the process of initiation and management of expert VET partnerships.
EN
Inter-sectoral cooperation is one the most important elements of contemporary, place-based policy. Deriving from the conditions of the environment, also the global one, local actors should join their forces by investing in the resources determining today’s’ development – knowledge and human capital – in the most effective way. However, internal national or regional conditions, very often do not allow for efficient adaptation of development mechanisms, even when they have been already tested in other places. By narrowing the area of analysis to the relationships between territorial self-government and non-governmental organisations, this paper is an attempt to answer the question on what scale, in the Polish conditions, public-social partnerships are being built and what is their scope. Analysis concerns the institutions involved in the investment in knowledge and human capital, operating in the region of Lodz.
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Partnership creates a basis for relations and connections (including between states, cross-border and interregional), enabling the development of contacts and comprehensive economic and non-economic cooperation. This role is performed in its various forms and on a different basis. The article presents the partnership (including the economic one) that is being implemented between Poland and Russia, its scope, stages of development and the existing tariff, non- and par-tariff barriers in trade. The analysis shows that currently the Polish-Russian partnership is selective in nature and is subject to a high degree of uncertainty as a result of political decisions.
EN
The academic environment of Wrocław emerged and developed in particularly difficult conditions of the post WWII era. Thanks to continuation of the tradition, experience and contributions of leading scientists from the former Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów, it quickly achieved an important, internationally recognized position in particular in mathematics and chemistry. Two different sociological concepts of relations within the scientific community have developed simultaneously: (1) partnership between leaders and research team members, (2) hierarchical structure based on authority of a leader. History proved that both may be effective. Wrocław became a modern center of research management comparable to leading western universities. The general approach based on relationship „between master and a follower” has been replaced by the more effective relatioship „between a school and a follower”. Similarly to the Lwów tradition the Wrocław Scientific Society has played an integrative role in relations among scientists of different disciplines.
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Content available remote Partnerstwo w projektach klimatycznych jako instrument rozwoju zrównoważonego
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Rozważania dotyczące zmian klimatycznych w kontekście rozwoju zrównoważonego (ZR) podnoszą pytanie o relacje pomiędzy tymi obszarami. Bez wątpienia polityka klimatyczna stała się konwergentna z polityką rozwoju zrównoważonego z uwagi na zakres i przyjęte podejście. Rozwój zrównoważony łączy wyzwania środowiskowe z równością społeczną i dobrobytem ekonomicznym. Analogicznie, problematyka zmian klimatycznych integruje kwestie środowiskowe i społeczno-ekonomiczne.
EN
There is an unquestionable need to integrate issues of climate change and sustainable development. It is done by implementing of projects aimed at achieving environmental and social objectives. In the article the analysis of selected national and international climate projects carried out in partnership is presented. Analyzed examples confirm the real possibility of setting a partnership in order to carry out such initiatives.
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The paper addresses the problem of how to increase preservice teachers’ awareness and understanding of the importance of building a broader level of partnership with parents that goes beyond parent-teacher conferences and phone calls. The Ministry of Higher Education in Poland has formally acknowledged that prospective teachers should have knowledge about parents as sites of pedagogical activities, as well as acquire the skills to cooperate with them (Journal of Laws of 2012). In practice, however, preservice teachers’ plans to keep parents of their future pupils at a distance have been well documented. This  may be partly due to the fact that school placements specific requirements in Module 2 referring to 30 hours of pedagogical practice and Module 3 referring to 120 hours of didactic practice do not assume that trainee teachers have any (in)formal contacts with parents during their practicum (Journal of Laws of 2012). Consequently, the cases of contacts with parents during school placements are accidental, isolated and sporadic. Likewise, we doubt that the approach of dictating school mentors as to the types of family-school contacts trainee teachers are to experience can be effective, despite the fact that some school mentors do expect that ‘they are told what to do’. In the paper we describe a qualitative study which reveals that there is a statistically significant amount of evidence of an association between trainees’ personal contacts with parents during their teaching practice and their high opinion about collaboration with parents as regards supporting children in: doing homework, recognizing and developing children’s talents, as well as tackling at home those learning problems which occur during lessons. Keywords: teacher trainees’ beliefs, field experiences, parental involvement, partnership   
EN
The aim of this article is to describe and critically assess the main contentious issues in Sino-Russian relations and to explain how they affect the development of this relationship. First of all, the article examines the attitudes of China and Russia towards their relationship in the context of the changing distribution of power and increasing competition in Central Asia. Secondly, the influence of the collectively understood West on the dynamics of the Sino-Russian partnership is analyzed, with particular emphasis on the role of the United States. These applications are supplemented with an assessment of regional perception of relations in the Asia-Pacific region and a study of trade between two parties. The author does not limit himself to one methodological approach, drawing from the Balance of Threat Theory, the concept of security dilemma and analyzing political discourse and structure of bilateral trade. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of relatively permanent and significant barriers, suggesting that the Sino-Russian relations will not reach a higher level of intensity than is the case at present. The current form of cooperation enables both parties to pursue common interests without risking an assertive reaction from the United States. Only sudden and far-reaching changes, harmful to both countries, have a chance to bring about a convergence of China’s and Russia’s interests sufficient to create a fully operational alliance.
EN
In the research we focus on the construction of the sexual lifestyles of young people-undergraduates-in Slovakia and ask “which cultural sources are used?” and “which cultural demands exert pressures on these constructions?” The analysis was based on the answers respondents provided to a questionnaire relating to the preferences of values, aspirations regarding partner and sexual life as well as the socio-economic background of respondents. On the basis of the factor analysis and other steps, we obtained five groups of respondents with different lifestyles: 1. Liberal-free, 2. Partner-monogamous, 3. Natural-instinctive, 4. Hedonistic-free, 5. Submissive-partner. The research proves that while constructing their sexual lifestyles, young people experience confusion as to their personal interests, preferences, internal orientation of partner relationships, and culturally prescribed norms of monogamous relationships.
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A logistics centre is a spacious area with appropriate organization and infrastructure allowing various independent entrepreneurs to perform actions on the cargo flow, related to its storage and movement between senders and receivers, including support services for intermodal transport and performing tasks with the resources used for these purposes. Any model of cooperation between enterprises involved in the design and implementation of set goals and the investment in a logistics centre includes a number of common stages, with the exception of the initial phases of cooperation. The stages of the implementation of cooperation include planning the scope of work, negotiation and the signing of the agreement, implementation and its associated supervision, continuation and finally modification or termination of cooperation. In this article, the various stages of cooperation of companies participating in this project are analysed individually. General scheme of the planning area and equipment, a model of the design, the planning phase of the logistics centre; the stage of implementation and control and stage of summarizing cooperation; the location of logistics centres from a micro-spatial aspects are presented in the paper.
EN
The functional relationships between territorial units which make up a metropolitan area mean that the effective management of development requires cooperation of different stakeholders and co-ordination on the metropolitan level. This in turn requires that the approach towards managing development shifts in favour of governance. The paper aims at assessing whether the concept of governance is used in managing metropolitan area of Copenhagen. The analysis concentrates on formal organizational structures co-ordinating metropolitan areas as well as different forms of partnership during realization of key development projects.
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The article presents the issue of personal changes in partnerships from the perspective of dangers to the interests of partners of such partnerships and third parties. The analysis is carried out primarily in the context of the norms concerning the national court register, but also the relevant regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure. On this basis, the author evaluates the current regulations and concludes that they pose significant dangers to both partners of partnerships and creditors as third parties. These dangers arise mainly from the way the system of presumptions provided for in the provisions of the Act on the National Court Register is shaped. The author refers to the de lege ferenda postulates expressed in the past and selects the optimal solution from the perspective of implementation of the principle of reliability of business trading, and also presents his own de lege ferenda proposals. In the author’s opinion, in order to secure the interests of a partner withdrawing from a partnership against the risk of attempts to hold him/ her liable for obligations arising after his/her membership in the partnership has ceased, it would be sufficient to grant such a person the right to file an application to remove him/her from the register of entrepreneurs as a partner of the partnership. On the other hand, in order to safeguard the interests of third parties, it would be advisable to broaden the scope of application of the norm arising from Article 14 of the Act on the National Court Register and subject the former partner of a partnership to the rigors of this regulation. In addition, in order to ensure greater transparency of the data disclosed in the register, in the author’s opinion, it is advisable to consider the possibility of introducing, within the framework of the register of entrepreneurs, an institution similar to that provided for on the grounds of land and mortgage register proceedings, concerning the obligation of the court to disclose ex officio an identified inconsistency of the actual state of affairs with the state of affairs disclosed in the register of entrepreneurs.  
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Content available remote Interconnected firms’ relationships as a source of a competitive advantage
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EN
The mainstream economy poses the opinion that a competitive advantage lies in resources, and, consequently - in competences as well - being a share of a single company and remaining under its sole control. Recently, some researchers (e.g. Castaldo, 2007; Lavie, 2006) have revised that approach and tend to emphasise the role of other sources of competitive advantage in business strategy, which embrace new, intangible assets. Such assets are being born and developed only within the inter-firm relationships built in network environment. Thus, the presented paper focuses on relational-based approach towards gaining relational rent. It aims at discussing the sources of an appropriated relational rent and, presenting - after Lavie, a new types of rent extracted from alliance networks. Next, the author presents some empirical evidence from healthcare market in Poland. Inter-organizational relations represent the central level of analysis of the achievement of relational competitive advantage. Empirical results indicate the crucial role of trust and commitment in the market relationships. They are the key success factors which enable the service providers to build a differentiated market position. The researched organizations pose effective communication between the parties of the relationship and the satisfaction resulting from the mutual respect and recognition as the components of value offerings.
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Based on a qualitative research with parents and primary school (6–10) female teachers, this text is an empirical study endeavouring to disclose the forms of interaction and communication between the family and the school. The group of parents representing the economic status of the middle-class, who are perceived by female teachers as good and cooperative parents, is specifically focused on. Described is their strategy of silent partnership which typically makes parents conform to teachers’ expectations in order to achieve their own objectives.
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Educational achievements in Kerala, India, includes near total literacy, free and universal primary education, low dropout rates, easy access to Higher education resulting in the exceptional social development and quality of life. It is often acclaimed as the ‘Kerala Model’ with reference to the whole education system in India. The initiatives by missionaries and princely regimes of Travancore and Cochin laid the foundation for education in Kerala. The social reform movements accelerated the spread of education. Large scale Government funding of education was an important factor behind the State’s educational development both in private educational institutions established by any person or agency and recognized by and is receiving aid from Government, and Government institutions established and maintained by State Government. This paper focuses on the unique partnership between the private and the public which paved way for the success of the ‘Kerala model’ of education in India along with its challenges and significance. Key words: public, private, partnership, challenges, educational landscapes
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Content available remote Turkish Foreign Policy towards Macedonia after the Cold War
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The provided paper describes main features of the Turkish foreign policy towards Macedonia after the Cold War. The strategic character of the bilateral Turkish‑Macedonian partnership has been underlined. This partnership has its roots in the pragmatic tendency of the Turkish foreign policy to strengthen its influence and provide stability in the Balkan Peninsula. It is also a part of the broader context of the Turkey’s foreign policy which is determined by global factors and centuries‑lasting history of bilateral relations. A particular dynamism of the Turkey’s foreign policy under Justice and Development Party’s rule has been underlined in this paper. It has been clarified that implementation of the “strategic depth” conception – that forms a normative base for Turkey’s foreign activities under prime minister R.T. Erdoğan’s rule – has largely contributed to the deepening of bilateral relations.
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Content available remote Sociální opora a emočně vôľová stabilita v období adolescence
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EN
The issue of anticipation social support is actual topic because of detection important factors for positive development of personality. Emotional bonds are getting stronger with perception of social support. Subjective feeling of positive emotions and relationships is manifest with higher range of social and mental functioning, emotional - willing stability of personality. Emotional basement of personality is emotional stability, which represent relationship with the anticipated social support. The lack of social support make a negative influence on personality development and personality traits. Positive emotional relationsthips with parents are important for healthy growth of personality (Filadelfiová, 2001; Arrive, 2004; Vágnerová, 2000; Langmeier & Křejčířová, 2006; Grun, 2011; Kraus & Poláčková, 2001; Matulník, 2002; Matějček & Dytrych, 2002). The meaning of social support and partner's love is confirmed with research. The meaning of social support in adolescence is replaced from parents to life partner. Strong emotional relationship motivates, integrates and regulates (Vágnerová, 2000). Absence of positive and permanent emotional relationship hold the positive soul steadiness. The signs of soul unsteadiness are destruction of self-esteem and self-image which manifest unstable emotionality. Subjective survival of emotional and social disharmony influence mental problems - neurotic disorders, problems with adaptation, emotional and social problems (Kondáš, 2002). The goal of research was find out relationship of social support regarding with emotional-willing stability and adolescence relationships in their family. We were interested in level of social support and level of emotional- willing stability and perception of quality family relationships regarding with gender and actual partnership. The research sample contained with N= 120 respondents (men = 33, women = 87) in age 19 - 24 years old, M = 23, 97. The next criterium of research sample was the longiness of their actual partnership (min 1 year), N= 63 - I have actual partnership; N= 57 - I don't have actual partnership. In research we used methods: Own Inventory, MOS Social Support Survey (Kožený & Tišanská, 2002), Personality Inventory (Miglierini, 1987). The Personality Inventory we used because of focusing on the period of adolescence. We used subscales emotional- willing activity and relationships in family. We indicate the most important findings in choosed sample of adolescents. The higher range of perception regards with feeling of confidence. Other findings regard relationship in social support and emotional relationships to parents - between range of anticipation social support and emotional relationships in family exist important correlation, higher perception of social support regard with positive surviving of emotional relationships in family. Gender aspect mention to value of parent's behavior - positive evaluation of parents behavior is a criteria. Important is relationship to parent's behavior. Women - in adolescence are emotional more unstable and men have higher range of uncertainty and lower range of optimism and satisfaction. We found importance in social support regarding with timeliness of emotional partner's bond. The existence of partnership is connected with lower range of emotional steadiness, but higher range of perception social support we found with adolescents with actual partnership. In research was confirmed importance of social support relate to emotional bonds to parents and importance of emotional proximity of partner in period of adolescence.
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An active collaboration with teachers is a prerequisite of system based approach to school counselling. The objective of the research was examining the experiences of school counsellors regarding collaboration with teachers in the domain of student counselling in the school setting in Serbia. This research applied a pragmatist qualitative approach using a semi-structured interview. Participants were 81 elementary school counsellors (pedagogues). The results show that teachers are generally open for collaboration during student counselling. Teachers’ acceptance of advice depends on their personality and classroom management style. Conclusions offer recommendations for improving the partnership relations as a basis for effective student counselling.
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