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EN
The influence of different dental materials used for conserving reconstruction of teeth on the magnetic resonance imaging assessed on the basis of changes in NMR proton relaxation T1 of the physiological environment represented by the physiological salt solution has been studied. The dental materials studied varied in a wide range of chemical compositions: composites (Silux Plus made by 3M Dental, Tetric Cream made by Ivoclar-Vivadent), pH controlling composite (Ariston pHc made by Vivadent), hybrid glass ionomer (Vitremer made by 3M Dental), compomer (Hytac made by ESPE), amalgamate without the gamma phase (Septalloy made by Septodont), chemocured phosphate cement (Agatos made by Chema-Elektromet), phosphate cement with addition of silver (Argil made by Spora-Dental). The reference standard was a 0.9% physiological solution of NaCl. The relative deviations of the spin-lattice relaxation time vary from –18.5% to +24.0%. From the point of view of magnetic resonance imaging, the materials significantly disturbing the tomographic images are the amalgamate Septalloy-Septodont and glass ionomer Vitremer-3M Dental, while the composite Tetric Cream-Vivadent has insignificant effect.
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Content available remote Obrazowanie czynności mózgu techniką rezonansu magnetycznego
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W artykule przedstawiono podstawy obrazowania czynności mózgu metodą Jądrowego Rezonansu Magnetycznego. Obejmuje to następujące aspekty tej techniki: historię odkrycia sygnału BOLD (ang. blood oxygenation level dependent), sposoby jego detekcji, metody prezentacji map czynościowych oraz pomocnicza aparatura stosowana do stymulacji wybranych obszarów korowych mózgu.
EN
Paper presents an introduction to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) methodology. This covers the following aspects of fMRI methodology: an historic overview of BOLD (ang. blood oxygenation level dependent) discovery, BOLD detection, mapping techniques used in FMRI and supporting fMRI instrumentation used for region of interest (ROI) stimulation of human brain cortex.
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Content available remote Kliniczne zastosowania techniki EEG-fMRI
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PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zastosowań klinicznych jednoczesnego monitorowania EEG i badania fMRI – metody przedstawionej przez prof. Ewę Zalewską na łamach dwumiesięcznika „Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny” [1] oraz odpowiedzenie na pytanie, czy pomiar czynności bioelektrycznej mózgu w trakcie badania MRI ma zastosowanie kliniczne.
EN
The aim of the paper was to introduce simultaneous clinical application of EEG and MRI methods - technique introduced previously by prof. Ewa Zalewska in „Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny” [1], as well as to assess if the measurement of bioelectrical brain activity in a course of MRI examination can be applied in clinical practice.
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Content available remote Automated segmentation of chronic stroke lesion using efficient U-Net architecture
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EN
Stroke is the most common neurological condition worldwide and causes various sequelae, such as motor impairment, cognitive deficit, and language problems. Typically, a radiologist segments the lesion directly. This is time-consuming and relies on the subjective perception of a specialist, so studies that automatically segment stroke lesions are very important in this regard. Although recent medical image segmentation studies have achieved great results using deep learning techniques, there are still many trainable parameters, and long-term dependence problems still exist. To solve these problems, we propose an efficient U-Net (eUNet) for segmenting chronic stroke lesions. The proposed e-UNet incorporates a depthwise convolution-based e-block designed to efficiently reduce the trainable parameters. A global-feature attention block (GA-block) improves segmentation performance by capturing global features between the encoder and decoder. The proposed e-UNet reduces the number of trainable parameters by 3.75 times compared to U-Net.We used the Anatomical Tracings of Lesions After Stroke (ATLAS) dataset to evaluate e-UNet. The lesions segmentation performance of the proposed e-UNet achieved 59.2%, 45.5%, 77.7%, 52.3%, and 52.3% in Dice, IoU, precision, and recall, respectively, for the test dataset (8694 2D images).
PL
Artykuł przedstawia laboratorium technik rezonansu magnetycznego (NMR) w którym prowadzone są badania magnetyzacji układów spinowych, w szczególności badania mechanizmów indukowania i utrzymywania wysokich stopni polaryzacji spinowej zwanej hiperpolaryzacją i dotyczy próbek stałych (13C, 29Si) czy gazowych (3He, 129Xe), która pozwala na wzmocnienie ich sygnału jądrowego rezonansu magnetycznego o cztery rzędy wielkości.
EN
This paper presents a magnetic resonance laboratory (NMR) where magnetization of spin systems is studied, in particular development of robust strategies for inducing and maintaining a high nuclear spin polarization levels called hyperpolarization either solid (13C, 29Si) or gaseous (3He, 129Xe)samples. Sample hyperpolarization gains its nuclear magnetic resonance signal in four orders of magnitude giving enormous sensitivity enhancement in NMR and MRI.
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Content available remote Numerical models of human breast
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The aim of the paper is to introduce the online repository of numerical breast models, obtained using MRI. These free available models allow to better illustrate changes setting in breast through obtained fairly accurate characteristics of tissues i.e. the models assemble the structural heterogeneity of normal breast tissues and the realistic dispersive dielectric properties in frequency range 0.5-20 GHz based on Debye’s model.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja darmowego repozytorium naturalistycznych, numerycznych modeli gruczołu piersiowego i jego krótkie omówienie. Modele te pozwalają zobrazować heterogeniczną budowę gruczołu piersiowego, a także odwzorować właściwości dyspersyjne jego tkanek w zakresie częstotliwości 0.5-10 GHz w oparciu o parametryczny model Debye’a.
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Content available remote Imaging of myocardial infarction with thermoacoustic tomography: An ex vivo study
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In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) for imaging of ex vivo mouse hearts with myocardial infarction. A circular scanning TAT system with an unfocused transducer was used to recover the dielectric property distribution of normal andmyocardial infarcted mouse heart tissues. The applicability of this myocardial infarction imaging system was validated using a model of myocardial infarction in two Sprague-Dawley rats and verified through comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TAT results not only indicated the location and ischemia and the extent of myocardial ischemia (MI), but also showed good imaging contrast between infarcted and normal myocardium without the use of contrast agent. The experimental results suggest that TAT may provide a unique opportunity to enable real-time precision imaging to determine the site of injury intraoperatively
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Content available Treating kidney cancer – a review
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Introduction. Kidney cancer in the structure of registered cases was in 6th place in men and 8th in women. Aim. Understanding the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma has made it possible to produce new diagnostic methods. Material and methods. This review was performed according to a systematic literature search. Results. Minimally invasive techniques seem to have a bright future in kidney cancer. However, they still require many clinical trials before they enter the general clinical use. Conclusion. Photodynamic therapy, thanks to research conducted in kidney cancer, will find application in cancer of other organs.
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In 2014 after phase 3 ADVANCE clinical study was finished, a new, pegylated form of interferon beta-1a with less frequent dosing was accepted for treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. One thousand five hundred and twelve patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were enrolled to the ADVANCE study from 183 sites in 26 countries (500 to the placebo group, 512 to the 125 μg subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a every 2 weeks group and 500 to the 125 μg subcutaneous peginterferon beta-1a every 4 weeks group). The investigated groups were similar in terms of age, sex, duration of the disease and disability rated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. The primary and secondary endpoints were efficacy and safety of 2-year peginterferon beta-1a treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis compared to the placebo group, which after 1 year also received peginterferon beta-1a 125 μg every 2 or every 4 weeks. The results from the 2-year ADVANCE study demonstrate efficacy of treatment with peginterferon beta-1a 125 μg administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks compared with placebo: significantly reduced annualized relapse rate (by 37%), the number of new/newly enlarged T2 lesions (by 67%), the risk of relapse (by 39%) and the risk of 12-week sustained disability progression (by 33%). The most common adverse events (94% of patients) associated with peginterferon beta-1a treatment were: injection site reactions, flu-like symptoms, pyrexia and headache. Sixteen percent of patients taking the study drug every 2 weeks and 22% of patients taking the study drug every 4 weeks reported serious adverse events; relapse, pneumonia and urinary tract infections were the most common. Interpretation: the treatment with peginterferon beta-1a with less frequent administration is effective, well tolerated and safe for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
PL
W 2014 roku, po zakończeniu próby klinicznej III fazy ADVANCE, do leczenia postaci rzutowo-remisyjnej stwardnienia rozsianego wprowadzono nową pegylowaną postać interferonu beta-1a o wydłużonym czasie działania. Do badania zakwalifikowano 1512 chorych ze 183 ośrodków z 26 krajów (500 uczestników przyjmowało placebo, 512 – peginterferon beta-1a w dawce 125 μg podawany podskórnie co 2 tygodnie, 500 – peginterferon beta-1a w dawce 125 μg podawany podskórnie co 4 tygodnie). Grupy były zbliżone pod względem wieku, płci, czasu trwania choroby i niepełnosprawności ocenianej w Expanded Disability Status Scale. Cel badania stanowiła ocena skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa pegylowanego interferonu beta-1a po 2 latach terapii w porównaniu z grupą placebo, która w drugim roku również otrzymywała ten lek. Skuteczność peginterferonu beta-1a podawanego co 2 tygodnie w porównaniu z placebo przejawiała się redukcją rocznego wskaźnika rzutów (o 37%), liczby nowych lub powiększonych ognisk T2-zależnych (o 67%), ryzyka wystąpienia rzutu (o 39%) i ryzyka utrwalonej 12-tygodniowej progresji niepełnosprawności (o 33%). Najczęstsze działania niepożądane towarzyszące kuracji (94% chorych) to odczyn w miejscu wkłucia, objawy grypopodobne, gorączka i bóle głowy. U 16% osób przyjmujących lek co 2 tygodnie i 22% otrzymujących go co 4 tygodnie odnotowano poważne objawy niepożądane (rzuty, zapalenie płuc, infekcje dróg moczowych). Reasumując: leczenie peginterferonem beta-1a cechowały skuteczność, dobra tolerancja i bezpieczeństwo.
EN
Purpose: To determine the volume of the cerebellum in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) in relation to risk factors and motor development. Material and methods: The present study included 30 children with spastic CP, aged 2-17 years. The volume of the cerebellum was examined on sagittal magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the CP patients and on 33 healthy subjects. To estimate the total cerebellum volume of each subject we used Analyze 10 Biomedical Imaging Software. Results: Children with spastic CP (129726,2 ± 26040,72 mm3) had a significantly smaller mean of the cerebellum volume compared to controls (143122,5 ± 12351,10 mm3). No significant difference between the total cerebellar volume and gender in patients with CP was found. No significant relationship between cerebellar volume and birth weight, Apgar score, gestational age, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level were noted. Positive correlations between birth weight, Apgar score, gestational age, and GMFCS level, between Apgar score and gestational age, or between gestational age and GMFCS level were found. Conclusion: Our results show that children with spastic CP had smaller volumes of the cerebellum as compared to controls.
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Content available Stroke masks – a case report
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EN
Introduction. Stroke is a common vascular disease encountered in the work of a practitioner. Despite this, his differentiation is difficult. This is due to a variety of diseases that can be a “mask” for stroke. These are neurological diseases other than vascular (brain tumors, epilepsy), head injuries and a number of metabolic disorders (fluctuations in glucose, electrolytes). Aim. This work aims to approximate the differentiation of this common disease entity. Case reports show both clinical view and diagnostic difficulties. Description of the cases. Case 1. The patient 59 years old treated for bipolar disorder, hypertension and alcohol abuse. Case 2. The patient 68 years old treated for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cholecystolithiasis – cholecystectomy. Conclusion. Stroke is a significant clinical and social problem both in Poland and in the world. Despite this, its diagnostics and especially differentiation is difficult. When analyzing the case of each patient with suspected sudden CNS vascular disease, all of them should be remembered. It should also be borne in mind that differential diagnosis cannot delay specific treatment for stroke
EN
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reconstruction algorithm using semi-PROPELLER compressed sensing is presented in this paper. It is exhibited that introduced algorithm for estimating data shifts is feasible when super- resolution is applied. The offered approach utilizes compressively sensed MRI PROPELLER sequences and improves MR images spatial resolution in circumstances when highly undersampled k-space trajectories are applied. Compressed sensing (CS) aims at signal and images reconstructing from significantly fewer measurements than were traditionally thought necessary. It is shown that the presented approach improves MR spatial resolution in cases when Compressed Sensing (CS) sequences are used. The application of CS in medical modalities has the potential for significant scan time reductions, with visible benefits for patients and health care economics. These methods emphasize on maximizing image sparsity on known sparse transform domain and minimizing fidelity. This diagnostic modality struggles with an inherently slow data acquisition process. The use of CS to MRI leads to substantial scan time reductions [7] and visible benefits for patients and economic factors. In this report the objective is to combine Super-Resolution image enhancement algorithm with both PROPELLER sequence and CS framework. The motion estimation algorithm being a part of super resolution reconstruction (SRR) estimates shifts for all blades jointly, utilizing blade-pair correlations that are both strong and more robust to noise.
EN
Introduction. Endometriosis is defined as a presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. Urinary track endometriosis is a rare occurrence (1-2%) usually associated with bladder involvement (85%). Aim. The diagnostic evaluation is not complicated but can be delay because of the lack of specific symptoms. Description of the case. We present a case of 20-years old female with bladder endometriosis localized on the posterior wall. The patient was effective treated with laparoscopic partial cystectomy Conclusion. The patient was effective treated with laparoscopic partial cystectomy
EN
Musculoskeletal injuries in the non-elite athletes are a clinical entity that is being seen more frequently nowadays. The term “weekend warriors” applies to amateur participants in sports activities and is related to an increasing number of musculoskeletal injuries mainly due to overuse. Concomitant skeletal variations may as well predispose to trauma. We add to the literature two cases of multipartite patella in which locally injected ropivacaine (ropivacaine hydrochloride) and steroid (betamethasone acetate-betamethasone sodium phosphate) relieved the symptoms completely. Here, we describe the clinical, imaging features and the course of treatment.
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Introduction. Multiple imaging methods have been used to stage prostate carcinoma. Some of them are easily accessible, others very accurate. The advancements over many years have been taken under consideration and now every imaging method has a specific role in the diagnosis of this malignancy. Aim. There are over 1,100,000 cases of prostate carcinoma diagnosed every year around the world. Imaging examinations have to be introduced to accurately stage, and therefore properly treat this disease. This review concentrates on advantages and disadvantages of different imaging methods. Material and methods. The literature search was performed. Results. Imaging methods serve specific goals. TRUS is recommended for acquiring biopsy specimen due to high accessibilityand low cost of the examination. Conclusion. The best tool for staging prostate carcinoma and finding suspicious lesions when attempting second biopsy is mpMRI or bpMRI
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Content available Imaging studies of kidney cancer
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EN
In 2017 in the USA about 5% in men and 3% in women newly diagnosed cases of malignant tumors were kidney and renal pelvis cancer. Aim. Kidney cancer in adults includes malignant tumors derived from kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis. The dominating types are kidney parenchyma, and mainly renal cell carcinomas Material and methods. This review was performed according to systematic literature search of three major bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochran). Results. Imaging studies play a very important role in kidney cancer. They allow one to assess the clinical stage, justify the extent of surgery and have an impact on the prognosis. Conclusion. The field for research involves the use of magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography in diagnosing kidney changes.
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Introduction. The granulomatous tumor (GCT) is formed from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) or its pedicle. The location of such a tumor in the region of the Turkish or supra saddle is a very rare matter. Aim. To present a case report. Description of the case. This article describes the case of a 39-year-old man admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery with a MR-diagnosed head tumor in the suprasellar area growing out of the pituitary funnel. The tumor appeared to be an epileptic fit. Conclusion. Herein we described a clinical case of granulomatous tumor. GCTs in the pituitary nerves are benign tumors, which makes treatment dependent on the individual case. After the operation, the H-P study showed a granulomatous tumor (GCT) of the posterior pituitary gland.
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Content available remote State of art of MRI of fetal heart
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EN
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is one of the most common type of fetal malformations. Tissue-Doppler imaging, dynamic threedimensional (4D) echocardiography and fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are advanced modalities for the assessment of cardiac structure and function. MRI can study the cardiac morphology using T2-weighted half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence (HASTE) and steady-state free precession (True FISP) sequences. Also a dynamic study can be performed, through the acquisition of cine-MR sequences with real-time steady-state free precession (SSFP) oriented according to the standard projections used in fetal echocardiographic scanning. If the challenges relating to motion and cardiac gating can be overcome, MRI has the potential to provide high-resolution imaging of the fetal heart.
EN
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a tumor-like condition characterized by idiopathic proliferation of Langerhans cells. The disease may involve the skeleton as well as other organs systems. Bone involvement may be solitary or multifocal. Unifocal osseous Langerhans cell histiocytosis may involve virtually any bone, with the calvarium being most frequently involved. Plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most used techniques for detection and characterization of the lesion. The use of ultrasound is less known, although it may be a valuable technique in detection and follow-up of superficially located lesions such as calvarial lesions. This case report describes an 8-year-old girl, in whom the lesion was initially detected by ultrasound. Furthermore, ultrasound was used to evaluate spontaneous resolution of the lesion. The knowledge of ultrasound characteristics may be important to avoid unnecessary radiation and gadolinium administration, particularly in a pediatric population.
PL
Histiocytoza z komórek Langerhansa jest chorobą rozrostową charakteryzującą się idiopatyczną proliferacją komórek Langerhansa. Może ona lokalizować się zarówno w układzie kostnym, jak i innych układach narządowych. Zmiany kostne mogą być pojedyncze lub wieloogniskowe. Pojedyncze ogniska kostne histiocytozy z komórek Langerhansa mogą być zlokalizowane w dowolnej kości, jednak zazwyczaj jest to sklepienie czaszki. Najczęściej stosowanymi technikami obrazowymi w rozpoznaniu tej jednostki są radiografia konwencjonalna, tomografia komputerowa oraz rezonans magnetyczny. Badanie ultrasonograficzne jest rzadziej stosowaną metodą, jednakże może ono okazać się cennym narzędziem w rozpoznawaniu i obserwacji pojedynczych zmian, takich jak zmiany w kości sklepienia czaszki. W niniejszej pracy opisujemy przypadek 8 letniej dziewczynki, u której pojedyncze ognisko choroby rozpoznano w badaniu ultrasonograficznym. Znajomość charakterystycznych cech w obrazie ultrasonograficznym pozwala uniknąć niepotrzebnej ekspozycji pacjenta na promieniowanie oraz gadolin, co jest szczególnie istotne w populacji dziecięcej.
EN
Methods for imaging myocardial strains are a subject of intense research. Many methods are being proposed by scientists from numerous laboratories. Those methods are designated for ultrasonic imaging or for magnetic resonance tomography. Attempts to quantitatively compare results obtained from those modalities are scarce. In this work a left ventricle phantom and an experimental setup are described, that enable subsequent acquisition of ultrasonic and MRI data with a well defined phantom geometry and deformation pattern and thus enabling quantitative comparison of strain estimation results. Tagged MRI and ultrasonic RF data appropriate for strain estimation techniques have been registered and presented.
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