Plants from genus Seseli, have been widely used in European traditional medicine, exhibiting antibacterial, antifungal, insect repellent, emmenogogue, antiflatulence, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-tumor, antirheumatic activities and protective effect on human lymphocytes DNA. They usually grow on mountain rocky terrains. Part of their habitat on Vidlic Mountain, located in South-east Serbia, was struck with a large wildfire. Seseli rigidum fruit essential oils (from post fire and control areas) compositions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, identifying monoterpenes α-pinene and sabinene as most abundant. Statistical tests showed a non-significant difference in chemical composition of these two oils, but a significant difference in comparison with the herb from a geographically different origin. Antimicrobial tests showed strong activities of the oils against tested bacteria, thus confirming its administration in various inflammation processes as a quite effective remedy. Applying DPPH. and ABTS+. radical scavenging and total reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) power assays, antioxidant characteristics of both studied essential oils were estimated as weak, though of close values. Seseli rigidum fruit essential oil was proven as a potent inhibitor of human and horse serum cholinesterase, recognizing its possible application as neural protective agent
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This work was aimed at testing gastroprotective effects of Centaurea cyanus L. (herba) polysaccharides (P) and polyphenols (A) fractions on stress-induced rat ulcer model. Studies evaluating acute toxicity in rats and antioxidant (chemiluminescence method) and antimicrobial (on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 strains) activities of Centaurea cyanus L. (herba) product, which combined polysaccharides and polyphenols fractions (PA), have also been done. Accordingly, in vivo pharmacological studies revealed high influence of PA product (500 mg kg-1 of body weight) on deep, moderate and superficial gastric mucosal lesions, greater than that of chemical reference, Ranitidine. P product was proven more effective than Ranitidine in opposing the emergence of deep necrotic lesions only, suggesting the ability of polysaccharides compounds to consolidate gastric mucous layer as well as their certain tendency for cooperation with polyphenols fractions. The acute toxicity study indicated the lack of toxicity of PA product and maximum tolerated doses greater than 1875 mg kg-1 of body weight. PA product provided augmented scavenger activity and week antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 strains, resulting in better opportunities for valorisation of the aerial part of Centaurea cyanus L. species in order to obtain new and effective natural medicines.
The effectiveness of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) process for extraction of antioxidants and antimicrobials from barley straw (Hordeum vulgarae) was evaluated; also the impact of SWE parameters on the quality of extracts has been assessed. Several methods have been employed: total phenolic content and HPLC analysis (chemical structure of extracts), FRAP (Ferric ion Reduction Antioxidant Power for antioxidant properties) and MIC (Minimal Inhibition Concentration for antimicrobial properties). The temperature of process, time, solid ratio, flow rates, dynamic/static mode, recirculation and washing of residues have an impact on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts. The polyphenols content in extract influences the quality of extracts; at least 20 polyphenolic compounds (including ferrulic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, coumaric acid, etc.) have been identified in extracts. The antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of extracts differs depending on the origin of sample, temperature of extraction, duration of the process; all these factors influences also polyphenols content. For all tested samples high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has been observed. The storage of extracts at room conditions decreases the antimicrobial efficacy. The SWE method is the “green” technology that can be used to produce the mixture of active components in the form of extracts that can be applied in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.
VO(IV), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of beta-ketoimine [C6H5COH:CH(CH3)C:N(C6H4)Cl] and their mixed-ligand complexes with 2,2c- bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) have been syn the sized and characterizedby elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductance, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The ligand is bidentate, coordinating via the imine N and enolic O atoms. The magnetic moments and electronic spectra measurements corroborate a tetrahedral and square planar geometry for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes, the VO(IV) complex is five-coordinate square pyramidal while the Co(II) complex and the mixed- ligand complexes are six-coordinate, octahedral. The compounds are magnetically dilute and none is an electrolyte. The antimicrobial properties of these compounds against S. aureus, Bacilus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, and Salmonella spp are found to be generally good. The compounds, [VO(L)2], [VO(L)2(phen)] and [Co(L)2(bipy)] have comparable activity to Ciprofloxacin, a broad spectrum antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the sen si tive compounds are between 3.0 and 9.0 mg/mL.
Heteroatoms like nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen containing biologically active ethyl 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-thioxopyrimidine-5-carboxylate was synthesized from 2,4-dichloro benzaldehyde, acetoacetic ester and thiourea using AlTiTUD-1 as a catalyst. The synthesized compound was characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral values. The compound possesses good antimicrobial activity is determined by well diffusion method against gram positive, gram negative and fungal species. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of the compound was determined by broth dilution method.
Plant extracts have been used widely with and without chemical modification for various infectious diseases cause by bacterial activities. All the methanolic plant extract of Sclerocarya birrea showed anti-microbial activities against most of the test organism with some showing a better antibacterial and antifungal activities than others. The leave from Kem has the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of 50 mg/ml for E. coli, 100 mg/ml for C. albican and S. aureus but A. niger has 200 mg/ml whereas on the other hand from Yola S. aureus, C. albican, A. niger and E. coli has 100 mg/ml. The stem has the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentration of 50 mg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus and 100 mg/ml for C. albican and A. niger and on the other hand from Yola has 100 mg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus and 200 mg/ml for C. albican and A. niger. The roots from Kem has 50 mg/ml for E. coli and S. aureus and 100 mg/ml for C. albican and A. niger and from Yola has 100 mg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus, C. albican and A. niger has 200 mg/ml. This shows that the stem and roots of Sterculia Setigera is more sensitive to the tested organism and is bactericidal at low concentration. The leaves extract in both locations has the MIC of 50 mg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albican but 100 mg/ml for A. niger. The stem extract from Kem has the MIC of 25 mg/ml for bacteria and 50 mg/ml for fungi and on the other hand from Yola, the extract has MIC of 50 mg/ml for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albican but 100 mg/ml for A. niger. The root showed different minimum inhibitory concentration from Kem, the extract has 25 mg/ml for bacteria and 50 mg/ml for fungi. On the other hand, the extract from Yola has 50 mg/ml for bacteria and 100 mg/ml for fungi. Finally, the limit of detection for both plants collected from two different geographical areas for inhibitory effect has been measured successfully.
A study was made of the potential use of Acacia dealbata wood extracts as bioprotective agents. Initially, extracts were obtained from Acacia dealbata sapwood, heartwood and bark, and their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities were determined. Next, the decay resistance of Scots pine wood samples impregnated with these extracts was examined against the brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana. The impregnation procedure was performed according to the ASTM D (1413) standard test method at two different concentrations, 3% and 5% by weight, using hot water and methanol as extraction solvents. The strongest antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities were those of the bark extract. Hot water extraction led to lower performance than methanol extraction. According to EN 113 testing methods, the highest level of preservative effect against wood-decaying fungi was observed in the case of 5% methanol extract from the bark.
Zeolites are nanoporous alumina silicates in a framework with cations, exhibiting ion-exchange properties with metal ions making them possible antimicrobial materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ion-exchanged zeolites and the toxic potential of these materials. Zeolite-Co2+ and Li+ exhibited the most effective inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus growth than in other microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa) in low concentrations. Zeolite-Cu2+ presented higher zone of inhibition when tested against Candida albicans, while Zeolite-Zn2+ showed similar effectiveness among all the microorganisms. When ion-exchanged zeolites were used in effective concentrations to achieve antimicrobial activity, no alterations against bioindicators organisms as Artemia sp. and L. sativa were found and, in addition, they have non-significant result in terms of DNA cleavage activity. Zeolites have advantage of releasing slowly the metals loaded and this characteristic can to be considered promising as potential antimicrobial materials in concentrations safe for use.
Novel complexes of Ru (III), Cu (II) and Au (III) (2–4) were prepared using 6-phenyl-2-thioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (HL, 1) adopting either electrochemical or traditional chemical methods. The electrochemical method is preferred in the synthesis of the complexes than the chemical one because it affords pure products with higher yields in shorter reaction time. The novel thiopyridine complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 19F-NMR, TGA and DTA measurements. The antimicrobial activity evaluation revealed that the complex bearing copper metal 3 has nearly the same activity as the reference drug ciprofloxacin. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation showed that complex 4 containing gold displayed anti-inflammatory activity higher than the reference drug celecoxib upon using carrageenan rat hind paw edema method.
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In numerous recent papers plasma chemistry of non equilibrium plasma sources operating at atmospheric pressure has been linked to plasma medical effects including sterilization. In this paper we present a study of the effectiveness of an atmospheric pressure plasma source, known as plasma needle, in inhibition of the growth of biofilm produced by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Even at the lowest powers the biofilms formed by inoculi of MRSA of 104 and 105 CFU have been strongly affected by plasma and growth in biofilms was inhibited. The eradication of the already formed biofilm was not achieved and it is required to go to more effective sources.
The occurrence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) infectious microbial strains has been increased upto alarming level which affects the public health worldwide. To cure this problem, a library of s-triazinyl derivatives comprising schiff base or chalcone motif have been rationalized, synthesized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109) and four fungal strains (Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Aspergillus fumigates MTCC 343, Aspergillus clavatus MTCC 1323, Candida albicans MTCC 183) using broth dilution technique. All the newly synthesized scaffolds were further evaluated for their in vitro anti-TB efficacy against the tubercular strain (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv) using Lowenstein-Jensen MIC method. All the derivatives were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis as well as mass spectroscopy.
Flame retardant and antimicrobial functionalities were imparted in jute textile using sodium metasilicate nonahydrate (SMSN), commonly known as “water glass”. Sodium metasilicate nonahydrate (SMSN) was applied in jute fabric in different concentration by padding method followed by drying. Flame retardancy of the fabric was evaluated by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and burning behaviour under vertical flammability tester including the char length. Burning rate was found to decrease by almost 10 times after an application of 2% SMSN compared to the control sample. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of both the control and treated jute fabrics were utilized to understand the mechanism of developed flame retardance in jute fabric. It was observed that the SMSN treated samples showed excellent antimicrobial property against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antimicrobial properties of both the control and treated jute fabrics were also measured quantitatively.
Flame retardant and antimicrobial functionalities were imparted in jute textile using sodium metasilicate nonahydrate (SMSN), commonly known as “water glass”. Sodium metasilicate nonahydrate (SMSN) was applied in jute fabric in different concentration by padding method followed by drying. Flame retardancy of the fabric was evaluated by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and burning behaviour under vertical flammability tester including the char length. Burning rate was found to decrease by almost 10 times after an application of 2% SMSN compared to the control sample. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of both the control and treated jute fabrics were utilized to understand the mechanism of developed flame retardance in jute fabric. It was observed that the SMSN treated samples showed excellent antimicrobial property against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antimicrobial properties of both the control and treated jute fabrics were also measured quantitatively.
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Different solvent extracts of the aerial parts of Senna italica (Mill.) were investigated for their chemical constituents and biological activities. Moreover, bio-guided fractionation led to isolation and identification of six compounds, namely: physcion (1), emodin (2), 2-methoxy-emodin-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), 1-hydroxy-2-acetyl-3-methyl-6-hydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalene (tinnevellin) (4), quercetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (rutin) (5), and 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene (6). The chemical structures of these compounds were established via 1D and 2D 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts as well as compound 3 were evaluated for their anticancer activity against tumor cell lines. The tested extracts showed a moderate to weak activity, while compound 3 showed a moderate activity against human liver cancer (Hep G2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines with IC50 values of 57.5 and 42.3 μg/mL, respectively. Both ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with different strengths, i.e., ethyl acetate exhibited antimicrobial activity against seven test microbes while n-butanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. This is the first report for the isolation of compound 3 as a new compound from S. italica growing in Egypt.
The pyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazine was prepared as a new ring system via annulation of the triazine ring onto the preformed pyrimidine derivative. Various S-benzoylisothiourea derivatives were synthesized by condensation of benzoylthiocyanate with amines. All the synthesized compounds were tested as antimicrobial agents and compounds 11 and 12 showed significant activity to ward to Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Plants of the Apiaceae family usually contain coumarins. These are used worldwide in traditional medicine, as well as in modern therapeutics. The aim of our study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of four extracts (methanolic and petroleum ether extracts) obtained from two Apiaceae species: Seseli devenyense (fruits) and Peucedanum luxurians (herb). The activity of the investigated extracts was tested against 7 strains of Gram+ bacteria, and 7 strains of Gram-, as well as three of yeast. The results of this show that the best activity of such extracts (specifically, by way of petroleum ether) was seen as being against Staphylococcus aureus strains.
The chemical investigation of the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of Forsskaolea viridis Ehrenb. ex Webb (Family: Urticaceae) led to isolation eight compounds for the first time from this plant, while two phenolic compounds, identified as p-coumaric and caffeic acids as well as six flavonoid compounds identified as 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxy flavone, chrysoeriol, acacetin, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-(2"-O-E--p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucoside and isovetixin. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds was established by spectroscopic methods including UV, MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were evaluated. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity (12-30 mm) against the tested strains. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts showed fair antioxidant and cytotoxicity.
The aim of present study was isolation and characteriation of raw and purified melanin from Exidia nigricans. Native melanin was isolated from the fresh E. nigricans fruiting bodies by alkaline extraction. Obtained pigment was purifed by acid hydrolysis and washed by organic solvents. Chemical tests, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy analysis were conducted to determine the melanin nature of the isolated pigment. UV-Vis, transmittance and colour properties were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and antibacterial activity by a well diffusion method. The results of the study demonstrated that melanins isolated from E. nigricans had antioxidant, light barrier and antibacterial properties. A purified form of melanin offered better light properties and higher antioxidant activity than the raw form. Both melanins inhibited the growth of E. facealis and P. aeruginosa. This study revealed that E. nigricans may be considered as a promising source of natural melanin. Isolated pigments presented all the physical and chemical properties common to natural and synthetic melanins. Raw and purified melanins showed differences in chemical composition, antioxidant activity and light barrier properties. Melanin may play pivotal role in physiology of E. nigricans protecting it against UV radiation and dessication.
The antimicrobial impact of visible violet and blue light has been known for more than a century but hardly been applied for purposeful pathogen reduction or prevention. The disinfecting properties of wide-spread warm-white and cool-white light emitting diodes (LEDs) are investigated by irradiation of staphylococci with different LEDs and varying doses. Additionally, the combination of a white and a violet LED illumination is examined. Both white LEDs exhibit an antimicrobial effect, which seems to be dominated by the blue parts of the LED emissions. Unfortunately, the antimicrobial effect is weak in realistic illumination applications. Additional violet LEDs can significantly enhance this impact without a large change in human color perception. This allows reasonable applications in certain medical and domestic environments without endangering humans.
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