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MONOPOLISTIC MARKUPS IN THE POLISH FOOD SECTOR

100%

Kufel-Gajda J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

2017

tom 12

nr 1

147-170

Research background: Research background: Agro-food sectors are commonly considered as highly regulated, traditional and of strategic importance, mainly due to the food security issues. Changes in the related market structures are subject of constant interest because of their importance for competition and economic welfare of food producers and consumers. In Poland, a rising concentration among various branches of the food industry can be observed. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies regarding the level of actually exerted market power. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the article was to depict the changes of the market power execution in the Polish food sector and its branches in the period 2002–2013. Methods: As a measure of market power, markups of price above the marginal cost were applied and for their estimation two methods were used, namely the Roeger method involving primal and dual Solow residuals and the method based on the marginal cost of labor. Yearly data from F-01 financial statements regarding 32 food sector branches and various accounting categories were used in the calculations. Findings & Value added: It was found that in the analyzed period the markup over marginal cost on average amounted to 9.75%, and it was increasing over time. The labor input category seemed to be not sufficient for the markup calculation. The evolution of the monopolistic power in the Polish food sector appears to be associated not only with the business cycle, but also with the sector developments accelerated by the accession to the EU. Moreover, the differences in results for the branches indicate a considerable heterogeneity in the Polish food industry companies pricing practices. The research constitutes the first trial of the measurement of both the Roeger markups in the Polish food sector branches and the labor markups changes in the Polish food sector.

Wpływ Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej na polski sektor żywnościowy

75%

Seremak-Bulge J.

Przemysł Spożywczy

2003

tom T. 57, nr 9

2-8

Istniejące przewagi polskich przetwórców żywności w postaci niższych cen będą malały, zwłaszcza na rynku mleka. Przymus obniżania kosztów i wzrostu efektywności przetwórstwa oraz obrotu żywnością będzie w posze-rzonej Unii większy niż dotychczas. Rozwój krajowego przemysłu spożywczego zależał będzie w dużej mierze od przygotowania przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych i rolników do wykorzystania wsparcia oraz przyspieszenia restruk-turyzacji i modernizacji technologii. Wymaga to skutecznego działania krajowych instytucji odpowiedzialnych za stosowanie WPR, a zwłaszcza agencji płatniczych, oraz aktywnego włączenia sektora bankowego do finansowania tego procesu.

Persisting advantages of Polish food processors in a form of lower prices will be phased out, in particular of the milk market. The necessity to lower costs and to increase efficiency in food processing and trade will be of growing importance in enlarged European Union (EU). The development of domestic branches of agri-food industry will largely rely upon the degree of adjustment of the enterprises and the farmers to utilise available support and on accelerated restructuring and modernization of technologies used in production processes. It will demand efficient activities of domestic institutions responsible for CAP, particularly paying agencies and also active participation of the banking sector in finances of this process.

Tasks of ARMA aid for meat producers and processors

63%

Polish Food

2005

nr 3