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1

Three Notions of Tradition

100%

Szacki J.

Przeglad Filozoficzno-Literacki (Philosophical/Literary Review)

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2007

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tom 6

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nr 3-4(18)

243-264

EN

The article is intended to bring out the basic understandings of 'tradition' as encountered in the social sciences and the humanities. The first might be termed functional since attention is focused on the function of transmitting in a given community certain elements of culture from generation to generation ('tradition' as transmission). The second might be termed objective since the researcher's attention shifts from the transmission of elements to the elements themselves ('tradition' as heritage). The third might be termed subjective since it is neither the operation of transmission nor the object transmitted that comes to the fore but the attitude of a given generation toward the past, its acceptance of the heritage or its protest against it (simply tradition). The present author is concerned above all with the subjective understanding of tradition that is with those elements of the heritage which are taken over from earlier generations with an emotional engagement on the part of those who adopt them.

2

KONŠTRUOVANIE TRADÍCIÍ NA PRÍKLADE UČENIA NOVOPOHANSKÉHO HNUTIA

51%

Turiničová Z.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2014

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tom 21

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nr 1

162 – 178

EN

Neo-pagan movements began to form in Slovakia in mainly late 90s of the 20th century. The main cause of new religious movements in our country has been releasing political situation after the ground-breaking 1989. This disruption and the transition to a free democratic society marked influx of new ideas and directions. One of the main elements of a democratic society is freedom of religion. Researched community brings together people who are interested in the restoration of pre-Christian traditions and material and spiritual elements of this period. We classify this community into groups which, although based on historical facts of Slavic culture, but are also supplemented by other particularly modern elements and elements of other cultures. Researched community is trying to protect the natural values and their distribution in modern conditions. This text addresses the transmission, interpretation and application of ideas leading person in the community and integrating it into everyday life members. It focuses on concrete manifestation of inventing of traditions.

3

REDEFINITION OF INDIANNESS BY THE NEW AGE MOVEMENT (Redefinicja 'indianskosci' przez ruch Nowej Ery)

51%

Chomczyk A.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2011

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nr 38

175-184

EN

The term New Age movement defines a heterogeneous, non-religious Western spiritual movement that emerged in the second part of the 20th century. It combines Euro-American spiritual heritage, widely understood Eastern philosophy, numerous native traditions, infusing this hybrid with elements of psychology, healthy lifestyle, as well as quantum physics. Because New Age spirituality is practiced occasionally on commercially held workshops, those kinds of seminars have soon become a lucrative business for its teachers and coordinators. The objective of the article is to follow the general history of New Age in the context of native Americans, provide its characteristics, and investigate the 'native American' threads within the New Age movement both in the United States and in Poland. The author focuses on the ethical aspects of commercial exploitation of native American heritage, examines native Americans' stand related to the misappropriations of their spiritual legacy for commercial purposes, as well as actions they take in order to restrict this procedure.

4

Problém tradice a modernity v moderních lotyšských dějinách

51%

Svec L.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2006

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nr Sp. Ed.

101-116

EN

This paper depicts the mutability and malleability of the concept of tradition. Its development is illustrated in three examples from modern Latvian history: the Latvian national movement and the program of the cultural and social emancipation of Latvians as a modern people, the issue of tradition and modernity in interwar Latvia, especially during the authoritarian regime, and the confrontation between tradition and the Soviet model of modernisation. The cultural and social emancipation of Latvians as a modern people was a consequence as well as an inseparable part of the modernisation processes of the Baltic provinces and the tsarist empire. The program of the Latvian national movement was defined as an attempt to integrate Latvians into the changing social and cultural conditions not only in the traditional Baltic provinces, but, at the same time, the assertion of a modern nation within the wider context of the tsarist empire. The second section examines the issue of tradition and modernity in interwar Latvia, especially during the authoritarian regime, which single-mindedly and systematically attempted to justify historically the statehood of the young country of Latvia. The final section characterises the Soviet model of modernisation.

5

HOLLÉHO SELANKY – STRETNUTIE IDEÁLU DOKONALOSTI S TRADÍCIOU

51%

Rišková L.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2018

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tom 65

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nr 1

46 – 58

EN

The idyll has an important position in Hollý´s poetic production. This type of poetry can be found throughout his literary activity. It significantly affects the way his poetic production is assessed as a whole, and it defines its place in the development of Slovak poetry. The Christmas idylls Miloslav, Vitoslav and Spasitel/Messiah are not only confined to the contemplation of the spiritual level of the Christmas mystery as the fulfilment of God´s plan of salvation, but they offer several interpreter levels. They also prove Hollý´s poetic craftsmanship satisfying the most stringent poetry criteria as well as his intense relationship to the domestic cultural and the literary tradition.

6

Etniczna samoidentyfikacja Buriatów w kontekście cywilizacyjnym

51%

Boronoeva D.

Sensus Historiae. Studia interdyscyplinarne

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2011

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nr 2(3)

149-154

EN

In the globalization era the problem of social interactions — especially of creating collective forms of social identities — has become particularly distinct. Buryats’cultural and national revival in the late 20th century referred to their past and attempted to base on the authority of tradition and history. The choice of traditional forms of self-identification made by contemporary Buryats depended on the latter’s — or to be exact their leaders’ — interests. The turn towards the former models of Buryat ethnic identity, which can be revealed while analyzing Buryat chronicles, is one of the keys to understanding contemporary Buryat identity practices. Studying the tradition of Buryat selfconsciousness reflected in chronicles proves fruitful from the perspective of a diachronic analysis. It enables a researcher to demonstrate new types of Buryats’ hierarchic ethnic-identity structure influenced by the 20th-century reality (especially among the Buryat diaspora groups in Inner Mongolia, PRC, and the Republic of Mongolia).

7

Polsko: modernizace jako naštípnutá tradice

51%

Vykoukal J.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2006

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nr Sp. Ed.

73-99

EN

The problem of tradition and modernity is one of the key themes of modern Polish history. It was caused by the strong and persistent dominance of political culture, which established itself on the basis of the norms of the noble society. In this form and for a long time it loomed over other opportunities for development as a possible inspiration and binding framework. A high frequency of political crises and a weak modernising balance contributed to the fact that these models remained functional well into the 20th century. There bearers were the political and cultural elite (inteligencja), which formed as informal structures, however, they operated in formal institutional frameworks. Owing to their origins, they prevented, to a certain degree, the process of modernisation, which infringed on their historical identity. Therefore, other social groups benefited from this process, which made it difficult for these groups to enter politics without direct ties to the elite or mental dependence on their models. Politics thus partially paradoxically contradicted modernisation because they were two wholes with different internal constructs.

8

INDICKÁ FILOZOFIA NA PRELOME TISÍCROČÍ

51%

Hajko D.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2014

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tom 69

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nr 9

786 – 796

EN

The 20th century India witnessed a quite strong tendency towards the separation of philosophy from religion, regarding them as two autonomous phenomena. This tendency corresponded with a more general endeavour, namely getting philosophy closer to science. The author focuses especially on the new streams, which appeared by the end of the millennium and are still relevant today. These include philosophy of science, feminist philosophy, Gandhian philosophy, postcolonial studies (in terms of their importance for philosophy) as well as still reverberant existentialist and Marxist doctrines.

9

Problém vztahu tradice a modernity v maďarské společnosti

51%

Irmanova E.

Slovanské historické studie (Slavonic Historical Studies)

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2006

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nr Sp. Ed.

19-72

EN

Since the 19th century the tension between modernizing processes and the terms like tradition, patriotism, and nation have become the constant feature of the development of modern Hungarian society. The dispute between 'modern' and 'traditional' culminated usually during great national crises. Paradoxically, the language of the dispute made possible the use of the word 'modernization' against real modernization, when the effort to raise the nation was undertaken in the name of defence of national values against 'cosmopolitan' modernity coming from abroad, or when the Hungarian nation was defending its 'traditional progressiveness' against the national demands of 'backward' non-Hungarian nations. The effort to find the balance between 'general' democratic and 'particular' national principles have permeated programmes of all significant political parties throughout the 19-20th centuries. The achieved consensus in this matter served also as one of the arguments supporting the decision to accept integration of Hungary into NATO and the EU, and, on the other hand, the Hungarians perceived both integrations as historically unique opportunity to resolve traditional tensions between 'progress and patriotism'.

10

RECOGNIZING THE DIVINE REVELATION, PRESENT IN THE BIBLE AND TRADITION, ACCORDING TO E. KOPEC AND J. MYSKOW (Rozpoznanie Objawienia Bozego, zawartego w Pismie Swietym i Tradycji, w ujeciu E. Kopcia i J. Myskowa)

51%

Raczko R.

Roczniki Teologii Fundamentalnej i Religiologii (Annals of Fundamental Theology and Religiology)

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2011

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tom 3(58)

75-98

EN

The credibility of Christianity as a revealed religion, which comes first of all from the authority of God who reveals Himself, is one of the key topics of fundamental theology. A theologian's task is to analyse the Revelation which remains at the bottom of this religion. The author of this article analyses the problem of recognizing the Divine Revelation, present in the Bible and Tradition, according to two Polish theologians: E. Kopec and J. Myskow. In their works E. Kopec and J. Myskow describe difficulties in the correct understanding of the Revelation. They both remind of the personalistic character of the Revelation. They both also say that it is not possible to make a clear distinction between the Tradition and the Bible because it is God Himself who made them one - they are strictly connected to one another. E. Kopec in his scholar works very often says that the positive attitude of the Church to non-Christian religions and seeing in them the elements of truth and holiness - which is clear especially in the Declaration Nostra aetate of the Second Vatican Council - is the source of new ideas in theology, and that it specifically makes the establishment of the theology of religions possible.

11

FROM TRADITION TO CREATION: CENTRAL ASIAN IDENTITIES AND THEIR FATES )Od tradycji do kreacji - wymiary i losy tozsamosci centralnoazjatyckich)

44%

Ksiazek J.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2011

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nr 39

83-104

EN

After the collapse of the USSR, Central Asian states together with their independence got the opportunity of reconsidering and redefinition of the vision of national identity that until this time was created through the foreign power. This article considers diverse levels and kinds of local identities in Central Asia and tries to show in what way the contemporary states create a new national and state identity. In new circumstances, a new identity has to be build but it is very often done with old tools, originating from the former system. To understand these countries today one has to discover the meaning of the Soviet rule in this area, the power of the tradition and a particular fusion between these two factors, which lasted through the long time of the Soviet domination. Especially important in the traditional way of living is a framework of a solidarity group. The analysis of the identity dimensions confirms the special role of tribal ties which are a fundamental element of social life and political movements in the past and present.

12

AESTHETICS IN KOREA: TRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES

44%

Min J.

ESPES

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2022

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tom 11

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nr 1

7 - 17

EN

This paper aims to introduce the historical traditions of Korean aesthetics, focusing on the views of prominent thinkers, and further examine the contemporary tasks of Korean aesthetics. Thanks to 'chinoiserie' and 'japonism', Chinese and Japanese aesthetics were introduced to Europe relatively early, but Korean aesthetics has received little attention until recently. Korea has developed a great art culture with a long historical tradition and unique language in East Asian culture, and has accomplished its own specific achievements in aesthetics.

13

TRANSFORMACE HUDEBNÍCH FOLKLORNÍCH PROJEVŮ V PROCESU TRADOVÁNÍ (SE ZŘETELEM K SITUACI NA PŘELOMU TISÍCILETÍ)

44%

Toncrová M.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

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2009

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tom 16

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nr 1-2

95 – 103

EN

Folklore is coming into confrontation with other kinds of non – artificial music, which contributes to its perception and acceptance, for example through various forms of adaptation and other way of making use of them other than in the folklore genres. At presence a folk song is not related just to a particular locality or region; popular songs are sung in many places; in some case all over the country. Modern technologies are having an impact on the consciousness of the contemporary folklore (internet). This must be evaluated critically. For this is a system accessible and open to practically everyone. These transformations can be observed on the basis of contemporary research in the Czech lands; however, the situation may differ in other environments.

14

STOPY VEĽKOMORAVSKEJ A CYRILO-METODSKEJ TRADÍCIE V LITERÁRNOHISTORICKÝCH ÚVAHÁCH BOHUSLAVA TABLICA

44%

Rišková L.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2014

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tom 61

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nr 3

209 – 221

EN

Reflecting on the Great-Moravian and Cyril-Methodius traditions in Slovak literature is proved by a number of various comments related to the particular period of time occurring in the works of the earlier provenance. The detailed registration of them is important, however, literary and historical research should also be carried out into writers´ strategies of using such information – the case of Bohuslav Tablic shows that incorporating the information in his reflections on literary history was influenced by certain factors which need to be closely examined.

15

Pamiątki turystyczne – w poszukiwaniu tożsamości

44%

Banaszkiewicz M.

Turystyka Kulturowa

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2011

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nr 4

EN

The article is a proposal of looking at tourist souvenirs as objects of anthropological, sociological and cultural analysis. The aim of the article is to position the tourist souvenir research in the context of considerations regarding the meaning of objects in the modern “supermarket of culture”. Moreover, the considerations regard buying souvenirs which can be described as one of numerous tourist rituals and as a space of intercultural contact.

16

VÝVOJ A SPÔSOBY PREŽITIA BRITSKÉHO MAŇUŠKOVÉHO DIVADLA PUNCH A JUDY – VYTVÁRANIE POST-TRADIČNEJ TRADÍCIE

44%

Reeve M. J.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 3

245 – 258

EN

Punch and Judy is one of a number of traditional popular glove puppet forms found across Europe. It is, by a considerable margin, the most numerous of these forms. This paper seeks to account for its relative success. It calls on research undertaken as part of an ethnographic study of contemporary performance undertaken between 2006 and 2007 towards a doctoral thesis. The research consisted of historical analysis and contemporary field-work. The article concludes that the success of the show in part depended on its emergence at a moment when late-modern class identity was coming to be constructed in Britain, that new class-oriented markets were emerging which commoditised cultural products, that performers adapted themselves and the show to these markets, professionalising themselves and, in more recent times, instituting organisations whose purpose was to secure the profile of the form. It goes on to suggest that current western preoccupations with heritage have provided a useful role for the form. The article argues that Punch and Judy puppet show has used the mechanisms of late-modernity to maximise its capital as an ostensibly traditional form.

17

ON THE WAY TOWARDS CANON-FORMATION: THE CASE OF T. S. ELIOT

44%

Astvatsaturov A.

World Literature Studies

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2019

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tom 11

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nr 1

42 - 50

EN

The article presents an attempt to highlight the historical and cultural background of formation of Eliot’s canon, as well as to analyse certain aesthetic paradigms that formed its basis (the theory of tradition, the conception of impersonal poetry, and the concept of “dissociation of sensibility”). In the article, the key figures belonging to the canon are mentioned, and the reasons for their canonization are identified. A particular attention is paid to Eliot’s take on the problem of dialogue of cultures, and of acquisition of a foreign poetical tradition, as well as to the principles that, according to Eliot, should govern literary translation.

18

PRAMEŇ AKO VÝCHODISKO KULTÚRNEJ PAMÄTI: MONUMENTA BYZANTINO-SLAVICA ET LATINA SLOVACIAE

44%

Žeňuch P.

Slavica Slovaca

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2020

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tom 55

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nr 3

482 – 493

EN

Written sources as a source of linguistic, literary, historical and cultural research make it possible to connect scientific fields that focus on learning about the value system of the past and its comparison with the values of contemporary society. Cultural communication is also based on the value pillars, as it is a reflection of natural relationships and processes that shape society. The study deals with the need for slavistic research into the sources of the Byzantine church of the Slavic tradition, which arose in the context of the development of Slovak society. They consist of texts of sources written in Cyrillic and Latin alphabet, which are connected with Slovakia in terms of content and form. The publication of texts of sources within the editions Monumenta byzantino-slavica et latina Slovaciae and the supplement to the magazine Slavica Slovaca creates a space for their access to a wide range of interested parties. Only with the help of systematic research of written sources can a comprehensive knowledge of the rules of norms and value patterns of human behavior be achieved, which is influenced by various factors and processes of cultural development of society.

19

THE CONFIRMATION OF THE STARTING POINTS (THE OPINIONS OF S. H. VAJANSKY ON CULTURE, ARTS AND LITERATURE DURING 1882 -1890)

44%

Taranenkova I.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

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2006

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tom 53

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nr 2

110-129

EN

The study continues in research of literary aesthetic opinions of S. H. Vajanský in the context of cultural conception. In the aesthetic starting points of Vajanský's conception a significant role was played by classicizing ideal, characterised by 'simplicity', 'adequacy', harmony and also by avoiding of extremes. Another important effect had also Hegelian aesthetics making its part on forming Vajanský's opinions on phenomenon of 'everyday course of life', trivial as an object of an artistic activity. Vajanský inclines to a model of art denoting a limited meaning and is disposed towards connection with an ideology. This connection is inseparable - it is obvious that the idea, which is demanded in the Vajanský as an aesthetics, is strictly defined by Vajanský - as ideologue. Art is not true by concurrence with reality, imitation of it, but by making the only truth present, that means the idea: in this case the idea of 'ourness', nationality, which reveals the substance of 'ideal realism' of Svetozár Hurban Vajanský. Art and literature operates in his conception, which is with no doubts a part of nationalistic cultural model, as means of cultural legitimisation being involved in creating, confirming and representation of national identity. This function of literature and art, in which pathos of nationalistically reviving process occurs, as well as Vajanský's religiosity, are resources of his demand on ethic measure of literature. In his articles published in this period Vajanský continues in reconstruction of the history of Slovak culture, the substance of it is 'ourness' - an abstract principal of collective self-identification, which is not only an act of renewing of the cultural memory - through confirmation of its continuity, stating its perspectives. It shows also a strong ambition to present it as a whole, that means that his conception tends to creating a cultural model which on a certain level of cultural development provides its unity and arrangement. In addition to his program texts Vajanský made and presented cultural and aesthetic conception during the 80th of the 19th century, which without any significant changes in the period of 90th of the 19th century up to the beginning of the 20th century became a foundation for his confrontations not only with the modernistic trends but generally with phenomena which seemed to him 'destruction of unity'.

20

GRAMATIKA A GRAMATICKÁ DISPOZÍCIA

44%

Dolník J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2016

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tom 81

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nr 5-6

255 – 267

EN

The author of the paper asks the question why Slovak speakers use grammatical forms such as “budeme sa sústrediť” or “vidíme sa (zajtra)” in spite of their standard command of the grammatical rules. The linguists refer to this by saying that the speakers are under the influence of negative factors and the author draws attention to three reasons: the power of tradition, logic and ideology. A grammatical behaviour like this can be regarded as a cue that we have to do with two modalities of the grammar. However, the linguists and people under the influence of the school start from the assumption that the grammar exists only in the rational modality and they are reacting to the grammatical behaviour in the linguistic practice according to their assumption. This text is meant to encourage readers to overcome this convention and to pay attention to the grammar in the practical modality too. The author suggests that we could begin our exploration of the grammar in this modality by thinking about the grammatical disposition of fluent speakers and this can be done by starting with the theory of background of J. R. Searle.