Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Diagnosis of Excessive Body Mass and Body Fat in 18-Year-Old Youth – Assessment of Comparability of Results Obtained on the Basis of BMI and BIA Methods

100%

Kawalec-Kajstura E. , Malinowska-Lipien I. , Brzostek T.

Polish Journal of Public Health

|

2015

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tom 124

|

nr 3

120-124

EN

Introduction. A systematic increase in the frequency of excessive body mass in young Poles is an argument supporting the need for identification persons with the increased risk. It is justified to test the level of comparability of the applied screening methods and criteria of diagnosing excessive body mass and body fat in the adolescent group. Aim. To assess the comparability of the results in terms of frequency of diagnosing of overweight and body fat excessive content depending on the method and assessment criteria in 18-year-olds. Material and methods. The study comprised 141 secondary school students (100 women and 41 men), with the age median of 17.8 ± 0.5 years. The measurements included height and body mass (to calculate the BMI) and assessment of the percentage of body fat content with two methods of bioelectric impedance in two bipolar versions: Tanita BC-570 and Omron BF-306. Results. Excessive body mass, as defined by the BMI, was found in 12.1% of students. The incidence of diagnosing excessive contents of body fat in the organism depended on the method of measurement and criteria of results interpretation; 20.6% with the Tanita and 28.3% with the Omron method. The measurements with Tanita BC-570 scales demonstrated stronger correlation with BMI value (p<0.001; r2=0.34) than measurements with the Omron BF-306 (p<0.001; r2=0.16). Conclusions. In young adults: 1. the diagnosis of excessive body mass by BMI and measurement with use of the bioelectric impedance methods with two bipolar versions (Tanita BC-570, Omron BF-306) provided inconsistent results. 2. The proportion of young people with excessive body fat was greater than indicated by the BMI norms. 3. The measurement with Tanita BC-570 scales demonstrated stronger correlation with BMI values than by the ones with the Omron. 4. Critical approach to the applied methods is indispensable in screening studies of nutrition level among adolescents.

2

A Comparison of Anthropometry between Ironman Triathletes and Ultra-swimmers

100%

Knechtle B. , Baumann B. , Knechtle P. , Wirth A. , Rosemann T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2010

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tom 24

57-64

EN

We intended to compare the anthropometry of male and female Ironman triathletes with the anthropometry of male and female ultra-swimmers. Body mass, body mass index and body fat were lower in both male and female triathletes compared to swimmers. Body height and length of limbs were no different between the two groups. In the multi-variate analysis, in male triathletes, body mass (p=0.015) and percent body fat (p=0.0003) were related to race time; percent body fat was also related to the swim split (p=0.0036). In male swimmers, length of the arm was related to race time (p=0.0089). In female triathletes and swimmers, none of the investigated anthropometric variables showed an association with race time. We concluded that Ironman triathletes and ultra-swimmers were different regarding anthropometry and that different anthropometric variables were related to race time. We assume that other factors, such as training and equipment, as opposed to anthropometry, may better predict race time in male and female Ironman triathletes.

3

Spostrzeganie wsparcia społecznego i krytyki wyglądu rówieśników przez młodzież o zróżnicowanym wskaźniku BMI

100%

Wieteska A.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2016

|

nr 1(20)

125-137

EN

The social scientists focus on the negative stereotypes of the people with the excess of weight and the problems of the quality of life. Especially in the United States and Europe the stereotype of the obese person as an unattractive, lazy and less intelligent one is very common. That is why the obese people have to endure discrimination process in many fields of social life. The obese explain their problems through their own image. Today, the problem with the excess of weight touch children and the youth more and more frequently. The peers play important role in the process of creation of the children and youth body image. They can influence positive perception, yet they can make the children and youth attach negative habits to their own body perception, too. This research reveal some differences in the perception of social support and criticism from of the peers’ image by the youth with differentiated BMI index.

4

Excessive body weight versus physical fitness in adults with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities

100%

Gawlik K. , Zwierzchowska A. , Rosołek B. , Celebańska D. , Franusz G.

Szkoła Specjalna

|

2020

|

tom LXXXI(1)

28-36

EN

An increasing number of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are characterized by an excess of body weight. The impact of overweight and obesity on motor skills in this population is ambiguous. The study aimed to review the impact of overweight and obesity on the physical fitness of adults with intellectual disabilities. The study covered 128 people with ID: 70 women (W) and 58 men (M); 62 people with moderate intellectual disabilities and 66 people with severe intellectual disabilities. The following measurements were taken: body mass (BM), body height (BH), and waist circumference (WC). BMI was calculated. The physical fitness level was assessed with the Eurofit Special test. Obesity and overweight were found in 37% and 24% of W and 39% and 22% of M respectively; in 40% and 17% of people with moderate ID and 36% and 28% of people with severe ID respectively. Significant negative correlations between speed and BMI and WC, and between core muscle strength and WC were found in women. In men, negative correlations were found: between core muscle strength and BM, BMI, and WC; between flexibility and BM, BMI, and WC; between lower extremity muscle strength and BMI and WC; and between balance and BMI. Further, obese men had significantly lower scores compared to the normal weight sample in the following tests: balance (T1), lower extremity muscle strength (T2), speed (T4), and core muscle strength (T6). The study showed a relationship between obesity and scores in physical fitness tests. More relationships were found in men than women and in people with severe ID than moderate ID.

5

Effect of Olympic Weight Category on Performance in the Roundhouse Kick to the Head in Taekwondo

100%

Estevan I. , Falco C. , Álvarez O. , Molina-García J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2012

|

tom 31

37-43

EN

In taekwondo, kick performance is generally measured using impact force and time. This study aimed to analyse performance in the roundhouse kick to the head according to execution distance between and within Olympic weight categories. The participants were 36 male athletes divided into three categories: featherweight (n = 10), welterweight (n = 15) and heavyweight (n = 11). Our results show that taekwondo athletes in all weight categories generate a similar relative impact force. However, the results indicate that weight has a large impact on kick performance, particularly in relation to total response time.

6

Body mass dependence of the haemoglobin content to surface area ratio of avian erythrocytes

100%

Kostelecka-Myrcha A. , Cholostiakow-Gromek J.

Acta Ornithologica

|

2001

|

tom 36

|

nr 2

EN

Data from 75 bird species weighing between 6 g and > 16 kg confirmed a supposition that the amount of haemoglobin per unit surface area of erythrocyte was not dependent on body mass. It showed a constancy across the range reflecting adjustment of the total surface area of erythrocytes in relation to blood haemoglobin concentration. This conclusion is based on an inverse correlation between the numbers and sizes of red blood cells.

PL

Zbadano zależności wartości wskaźników czerwonokrwinkowych od masy ciała ptaków. Do analizy tej włączono dane własne, uzyskane we wcześniejszych badaniach (Kostelecka-Myrcha et al. 1993) i dostępne dane literaturowe. Ogółem zebrano informacje dla 75 gatunków ptaków, o masie ciała od 6 g do ponad 16 kg. Poszczególne zależności scharakteryzowano za pomocą współczynników korelacji i regresji krzywoliniowych. Stwierdzono, że koncentracja hemoglobiny (Hb, Fig. 1) i liczba erytrocytów w 1 mm³ krwi (Fig. 2) zmniejszają się statystycznie istotnie ze wzrostem masy ciała ptaków, podczas gdy wielkość tych krwinek wzrasta (Fig. 3). Bardzo intensywne zmniejszanie się liczby erytrocytów w jednostce objętości krwi powoduje statystycznie istotne zmniejszanie się wartości hematokrytu (Fig. 4) i sumarycznej powierzchni erytrocytów (TSAE, Fig. 5). Zmiany wielkości tej powierzchni przebiegają wprost proporcjonalnie do zmian koncentracji Hb i dlatego stosunek Hb/TSAE nie zależy od masy ciała ptaków (Fig. 6). Jego średnia wartość wynosi 0.52 ± 0.09 pg μm⁻². Nie różni się ona statystycznie istotnie od wcześniej otrzymanej średniej dla 564 osobników różnych gatunków ptaków, przebadanych w zależności od wieku piskląt, sezonu roku i masy ciała, w wąskim zakresie jej zmienności — od 6 g do 167 g (Kostelecka-Myrcha 1997). Przedstawiona analiza potwierdza więc przypuszczenie z 1997 roku (ibidem), że ilość hemoglobiny przypadająca na jednostkę powierzchni erytrocytów (Hb/TSAE) jest u ptaków stała, i że stałość ta jest wynikiem dostosowywania się wielkości TSAE do koncentracji Hb. U podstaw tego ważnego mechanizmu, zapewniającego zawsze pełne wysycenie hemoglobiny tlenem, leży ujemna korelacja między liczbą a wielkością erytrocytów.

7

The Recovery Phase Following a Triple Iron Triathlon

88%

Knechtle B. , Vinzent T. , Kirby S. , Knechtle P. , Rosemann T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2009

|

tom 21

65-74

EN

The purpose of this case study was to investigate the recovery phase in a single athlete after a Triple Iron Triathlon involving 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126.6 km running. Total body mass, body fat and skeletal muscle mass using the anthropometric method as well as total body water using bioelectrical impedance analysis were determined pre race, after the race and every 24 hours until complete recovery. Parameters of hydration status (urinary specific gravity, hematocrit and plasma sodium) and skeletal muscle damage (plasma urea) were measured at the same time. After finishing the race within 42 hours, total body mass was decreased and total body water was increased. Over the following 6 days, prior to returning to pre race values for plasma volume and total body water, body mass reached a peak value on day 3, plasma volume on day 2 and total body water on day 1. Clinically visible edemas of the feet persisted until day 4. Six days after the race, body mass was reduced by 2.1 kg, skeletal muscle mass by 0.6 kg and fat mass by 0.7 kg. An increase in both blood urea and urinary output post race between days 3 and 6 suggested an impairment of renal function immediately post race due to skeletal muscle damage and manifesting clinically observed edemas. For practical application, athletes, coaches and physicians should anticipate that performing such an ultra-endurance race can lead to considerable edemas of the lower limbs during the recovery phase.

8

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ ГИМНАСТИКОЙ ПИЛАТЕС НА МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СТУДЕНТОК-ПЕРВОКУРСНИЦ

88%

Надежда П. , Татьяна Г. , Евгений В.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2017

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nr 4(68)

143-153

EN

Gymnastics Pilates is an affordable and full-fledged training method. It is often used in the system of rehabilitation after trauma. At the same time, information about the influence of Pilates gymnastics on the functional state of those engaged, especially female freshmen, is not enough in accessible literature. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate Pilates (strength-oriented) lessons effectiveness on higher educational establishments first-year student’ morphofunctional state. Some factors, characterizing first-year students (girls), studying at higher educational establishments and doing Pilates (strength-oriented), morphofunctional state are studied in the article. Anthropometric measurements, dynamics functional tests fulfillment results (Harvard step-test, timed expiratory capacity test, Ruffier-Dixon test) and physical training level, in comparison with group of girls, doing aerobics, are also investigated here. On the whole, monitoring results of the morphofunctional research and physical training level showed aerobics and Pilates lessons positive influence on the physical and functional state of the organism, because both kinds of gymnastics include aerobic loading, contributing to cardiorespiratory system function level increase (results of Ruffier-Dixon test, timed expiratory capacity test and respiratory excursion dynamuics). As it had been expected, such systematic lessons led to working capacity and physical training levels increase, defined by long jump length, push-ups and body flexion/extension dynamics. Participants of both groups (girls) became “slimmer”, the fact is proved by body mass and hip circumference decrease. But the said characteristics increase appeared to be more evident in the experimental group. Pilates (strength-oriented) and aerobics lessons influence physical training level positively and contribute to first-year students’ morphofunctional characteristics increase. The received results have shown greater effectiveness level of Pilates lessons, as compared to aerobics ones. So, Pilates lessons can be suggested as recommended choice among many other methods, allowing students’ health preservation and increase. When planning exercises by Pilates gymnastics, it is necessary to take into account the initial level of the morphofunctional state of those engaged. In order to optimize the training process, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive monitoring of the status of engaged students, which includes not only pedagogical tests, but also physiological studies.

9

Tracking mammal body size distributions in the fossil record: a preliminary test of the rule of limiting similarity

88%

Martin R. A.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

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1996

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tom 39

|

nr 1

10

The ability to maintain static balance in competitors of cyclic sports at the stage of directed training

75%

Zurek P. , Rynkiewicz M. , Rynkiewicz T. , Kos H.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2010

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tom 17

|

nr 3

11

Allometric growth of the alimentary tract in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus)

75%

Wolczuk K. , Pawlak R.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

|

2014

|

tom 56

|

nr 1

12

Differences in nutritional status of preschool children in the context of the maternal social characteristics

75%

Potocka A. , Jacukowicz A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

|

tom 30

|

nr 5

811-821

EN

Objectives It is generally accepted that maternal factors are important in maintaining the adequate nutritional status of young children. This study was aimed at verifying whether mother’s socio-demographic (age and relationship status) and socio-economic features (education and professional status) differentiate the child’s nutritional status. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2013. Five hundred thirty mothers of preschool children from 5 different regions of Poland were interviewed. Mothers were interviewed on their socio-demographic and socio-economic status. To assess the child’s nutritional status, body mass index (BMI) z-score and the diet indicators were calculated, such as the percentage of the estimated average requirement for energy (%EAR), the percentage of energy coming from carbohydrates (%EC), fat (%ET) and proteins (%EP). Percentage of the estimated average requirement for energy, %EC, %ET and %EP was obtained from 24-h dietary recalls conducted with the mothers. Results The results showed that mother’s education and professional status did not differentiate any of the indices of the child’s nutritional status. However, maternal age and her relationship status occurred significant (ANOVA; p < 0.05). Children of younger mothers had higher BMI z-score and higher %EC as compared to children of older mothers. Moreover, %EAR was higher among children of single mothers and it was closer to the recommended nutrition standards as compared to children of mothers with a partner. Conclusions When a child is diagnosed with any type of malnutrition, it is worth assessing various factors that might influence the nutritional status, such as child’s social background (e.g., maternal factors). Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(5):811–821

13

Natural phenolic acids may increase serum estradiol level in ovariectomized rats

75%

Zych M. , Folwarczna J. , Trzeciak H. I.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2009

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tom 56

|

nr 3

503-507

EN

Natural phenolic acids are commonly present in plants consumed in the diet. Recently we have observed that different natural phenolic acids exert differential effects on the body mass gain in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized female rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids on serum estradiol and total cholesterol levels in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats. The experiments were carried out on 3-month old female Wistar Cmd:(WI)WU rats, divided into following groups (n=8 in each group): non-ovariectomized control rats and non-ovariectomized rats receiving ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric or chlorogenic acids, sham-operated control rats, ovariectomized control rats and ovariectomized rats receiving the same phenolic acids. The phenolic acids were administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. daily for 4 weeks. Serum estradiol and total cholesterol levels on the next day after the last administration of the phenolic acids were examined. The phenolic acids did not affect serum estradiol or total cholesterol levels in non-ovariectomized rats. In ovariectomized rats, caffeic acid and to a lesser extent p-coumaric acid increased serum estradiol level, which effect correlated with a decreased body mass gain. All the phenolic acids decreased serum cholesterol level in ovariectomized rats. Concluding, the anti-obesity activity of some phenolic acids may be, at least partially, connected with estrogenic pathways.

14

Wpływ BMI na stabilność posturalną kobiet w okresie wczesnej starości

75%

Olchowik G. , Tomaszewski M. , Czwalik A. , Tomaszewska M.

Rozprawy Społeczne

|

2018

|

tom 12

|

nr 4

81-86

PL

Wstęp. W pracy dokonano ilościowej analizy wpływu wskaźnika BMI na stabilność posturalną kobiet w okresie wczesnej starości. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 41 kobiet w wieku 60-74 lata. Stabilność posturalną kobiet oceniano za pomocą komputerowej dynamicznej posturografii (CDP). Oceniano użyteczność sygnałów pochodzących z narządów zmysłów biorących udział w kontroli równowagi ciała oraz prawidłowość doboru odpowiedniej strategii motorycznej. Określano wychylenia środka ciężkości ciała w kierunku przednio-tylnym i łączny wynik analizy równowagi ciała. Wyniki. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono ujemną korelację wskaźnika BMI badanych kobiet z wynikami analizy równowagi oraz wynikami analizy strategii motorycznej. Wnioski. Wraz ze wzrastającą wartością wskaźnika BMI zwiększa się zakres wychwiań środka ciężkości kobiet w kierunku przednio–tylnym. U osób z nadwagą stwierdzono gorsze wykorzystanie informacji somatosensorycznych i strategię stawu biodrowego. Otrzymane ilościowe zależności pomiędzy parametrami układu równowagi ciała ocenianymi w badaniu CDP a BMI wskazują na niekorzystny wpływ nadwagi i otyłości na stabilność posturalną kobiet w okresie wczesnej starości.

EN

Introduction. In this study, a quantitative analysis of the BMI index on the postural stability of women in early old age was conducted. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 41 women aged 60-74. The postural stability of women was assessed using computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). The usefulness of signals coming from sensory organs involved in the control of the body’s balance and the correctness of choosing the appropriate motor strategy were assessed. The deflections of the centre of gravity of the body in the anteroposterior direction and the combined result of body balance analysis were determined. Results. As a result of the conducted research, a negative correlation between the BMI index of the studied women and the results of the balance analysis, as well as the results of the motor strategy analysis was found. Conclusions. Along with the increase in the BMI index, there increases the range of deflections of women’s centre of gravity in the anteroposterior direction. In overweight people, worse use of somatosensory information and hip joint strategy was found. The obtained quantitative relationships between the parameters of the body balance system assessed in the CDP examination and BMI indicate the adverse effect of excessive weight and obesity on the postural stability of women in early old age.

15

Postnatal development of morphological features and vocalization in the pomona leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros pomona

75%

Jin L.-r. , Lin A.-q. , Sun K.-p. , Liu Y. , Feng J.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

|

nr 1

EN

Based on mark-recapture data, we studied the postnatal development of morphological features and vocalization of the pomona leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros pomona). Morphological changes indicated that body mass and length of forearm followed a linear pattern of growth until 13 days of age at mean growth rates of 0.14 g/day and 1.08 mm/day, respectively, and thereafter, growth rates slowed. The length of the total epiphyseal gap of the fourth metacarpal–phalangeal joint showed a linear increase for up to 10 days, followed by a linear decrease until day 40 at a mean rate of 0.09 mm/day. Together, two equations permitted estimation of the age of H. pomona pups between 1 and 40 days. The logistic equation provided the best fit to the empirical curves for body mass and length of forearm. Studies of vocal development showed that the precursors of echolocation calls were not emitted until day 7 after birth. As the pups grew, the dominant frequency (DF) of isolation calls increased and number of harmonics (NH) decreased, whereas the duration remained relatively stable. The DF and BFM2 (the bandwidth of the terminal frequency-modulated sweep from the second harmonic) of the early echolocation calls increased; however, the NH and duration decreased.

16

Changes in the body composition of Velvet Scoters (Melanitta fusca) wintering in the Gulf of Gdańsk

75%

Meissner W. , Fischer I. , Bzoma S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 41, No. 3

11-16

EN

Body mass and body composition of 27 adult Velvet Scoters (Melanitta fusca) were studied. These birds were collected from January to March in the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland. Body mass, fat, and protein contents of both males and females decreased significantly between mid and late winter, possibly because of a physiological process or a result of worsening environmental conditions. In mid-winter, the mean body mass of males and females did not differ significantly, whereas in late winter the difference in body mass between sexes became prominent. There was no difference in fat mass between the sexes, but females had higher lipid indexes despite their smaller size. The lack of expected fat mass increase in late winter may be due to the spring migration strategy of Velvet Scoters, which apparently opt to fly short distances rather than make long non-stop flights after departure from the Gulf of Gdańsk. Body mass was the best predictor of fat mass accumulated by Velvet Scoters wintering in the Gulf of Gdańsk.

17

Young chinchillas weight gain, depending on their body mass at birth

75%

Dzierzanowska-Goryn D. , Brzozowski M. , Goral-Radziszewska K.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

|

2014

|

tom 53

EN

Young chinchillas weight gain, depending on their body mass at birth. The aim of the study was to determine if the results of raising and growth for up to 4th months of age in chinchilla depends on body weight and the litter size at birth. There were also attempts to answer the question, when sexual dimorphism begins to be visible in young chinchillas. Males are heavier females from the first month of life in chinchilla, however up to the 4th months of age the differences are not statistically significant. During the study it was found, that young chinchillas mortality depends on their body weight at birth. When the body weight at birth is higher, the greater chances of survival of the young are. Number of puppies in the litter affects their body weight: the more young per litter are, the less average body weight is.

PL

Wpływ urodzeniowej masy ciała na wyniki odchowu szynszyli. Celem badań było określenie, czy wyniki odchowu szynszyli do 4. miesiąca życia zależą od masy ciała i wielkości miotu przy urodzeniu. Spróbowano odpowiedzieć również na pytanie, w którym momencie rozwoju młodych zwierząt uwidacznia się dymorfizm płciowy. Od początku samce są cięższe od samic, lecz aż do 4. miesiąca życia różnica ta nie jest istotna statystycznie. Podczas badania stwierdzono zależność między urodzeniową masą ciała a śmiertelnością młodych. Większa masa ciała wpływa na większe szanse na przetrwanie. Liczba szczeniąt w miocie wpływa na ich wagę ciała: im więcej młodych, tym przeciętnie mają mniejszą masę ciała.

18

Body mass-population density scaling at the local scale: does the energy equivalence rule hold for forest mammals?

75%

Hoste-Danylow A. , Danylow J. , Ulrich W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2013

|

tom 61

|

nr 4

EN

The energy equivalence rule assumes that the scaling of population density with body mass is inversely proportional to the scaling of individual metabolic rate. As a result, the total population energy use, calculated as the product of individual metabolic rate and population density, is independent of body mass. Here we evaluated the validity of this rule at the scale of a single community of mammals. Strong linear dependencies were found between log-transformed individual metabolic rate and log-transformed body mass as well as between body mass and density. The slopes of these relationships are close to the predicted |3/4| value and, in accordance with the energy equivalence rule, exhibit opposite values. The results however supported this rule only at the scale of the whole community. When small and large species were considered separately, population energy use increased with body mass. Analyzing these two groups separately strongly decreased the range of body mass considered. Body mass range seems to be a critical factor to find support for the energy equivalence rule at the scale of a single community.

19

Methods used by adolescents for reducing body mass

75%

Goluch-Koniuszy Z. , Heberlej A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

2015

|

tom 66

|

nr 4

EN

Background. During adolescence teenagers undergo dynamic physical and mental changes which are accompanied by an increasing interest in changes to their external appearance. Often teens are concerned about such changes, leading to attempts at managing body mass reduction. Adolescent slimming more commonly arises due to a subjective appraisal of body mass rather than using any objective BMI indicators. Objective. To evaluate nutritional status of 13 year old boys and girls living in Szczecin, Poland and to analyse the methods used for achieving body mass reduction. Materials and Methods. Subjects were 1,342 adolescents consisting of 679 girls and 663 boys. Nutritional assessment was performed by anthropometric measurements; calculated BMI (Body Mass Index) and WC (Waist Circumference index). A questionnaire was also used to determine how the subjects lost body mass, their satisfaction levels, mood changes and physical activity. Results. Only 73% subjects had an adequate/normal nutritional status. It was found that half of those declaring that they had used various means of losing body mass (13.04%), of whom the majority were girls, had normal BMI indicators. The most frequently used method of losing body mass were; reducing foodstuff portions and dishes, abstaining from dinner, 1-3 starvation days, increasing physical activity, reducing sweets consumption, abstaining altogether from sweets and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. Slimming diets were undertaken by 13.1% subjects, consisting mainly of 1000-1300 kcal diets, vegetarian diets or ones recommended by a physician. Conclusions. Adolescents living in Szczecin showed similar rates of adopting slimming diets for reducing body mass when compared to other regions of Poland and the rest of Europe. The methods used for this purpose were mainly either antior pro-healthy nutritional behaviour, but less often using physical activity or through slimming diets. It thus appears that monitoring nutritional status in adolescents, as well as providing education in pro-healthy nutrition, is necessary.

PL

Wstęp. U młodzieży w okresie dorastania zachodzą dynamiczne zmiany w sferze fizycznej i psychicznej, którym towarzyszy wzrost zainteresowania zmieniającym się wyglądem zewnętrznym. Częstym obserwowanym zjawiskiem jest brak akceptacji przez młodzież zachodzących zmian, która jest przyczyną podejmowania prób redukcji masy ciała. Cel. Celem badań była ocena stanu odżywienia młodzieży (dziewcząt i chłopców) w wieku 13 lat w Szczecinie oraz analiza stosowanych przez nią sposobów redukcji masy ciała. Materiał i Metody. Ocenie stanu odżywienia poddano 1342 osób w wieku 13 lat (dziewcząt, n = 679 i chłopców, n = 663) uczęszczających do 17 szkól w Szczecinie, na podstawie wykonanych pomiarów antropometrycznych i wyliczonych wskaźników BMI (Body Mass Index) i WC (Waist Circumference). Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2007 – 2010. Wśród młodzieży przeprowadzono również badanie ankietowe dotyczące stosowanych sposobów redukcji masy ciała, poczucia akceptacji, wahań nastroju oraz aktywności fizycznej. Wyniki. Prawidłowym stanem odżywienia charakteryzowało się 73% młodzieży. 13.04% badanych (częściej dziewcząt) deklarowało stosowanie różnych sposobów redukcji masy ciała, pomimo że u ponad połowy badanych stwierdzono prawidłową wartość wskaźnika BMI. Najczęściej stosowanymi sposobami redukcji masy ciała były zmiany w zachowaniach żywieniowych: zmniejszenie porcji spożywanych produktów i dań, rezygnacja z posiłków, ograniczenie lub rezygnacja ze słodyczy, zwiększenie spożycia owoców lub warzyw i stosowanie głodówek. Stosowanie diet odchudzających zadeklarowało 13.1% badanych, głównie: 1000-1300 kcal, wegetariańskiej i zaproponowanej przez lekarza. Wnioski. Wśród badanej młodzieży ze Szczecina odsetek osób stosujących różne sposoby redukcji masy ciała, w tym diety odchudzające, był zbliżony do stwierdzanego przez innych autorów w innych regionach Polski oraz w Europie. Redukcję masy ciała stosowały osoby nie tylko z nadwagą lub otyłością, ale również osoby z prawidłowym stanem odżywienia. Stosowanymi sposobami redukcji masy ciała były głównie anty- lub prozdrowotne zachowania żywieniowe, rzadziej zwiększenie aktywności fizycznej lub diety odchudzające. W świetle uzyskanych wyników badań koniecznym wydaje się monitorowanie stanu odżywienia młodzieży oraz prowadzenie prozdrowotnej edukacji żywieniowej.

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Local warming about 1,3°C in alpine meadow has no effect on root vole (Microtus oeconomus L.) population during winter

75%

Sun P. , Zhao X. , Klein J. A. , Wei W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom Vol. 53, nr 1

123-127

EN

The influence of air and soil warming on root vole (Microtus oeconomicus L.) population was studied in winter period in top open chambers (OTC) (0,8-1,8 m2) warmed byy conical fiberglass material and situated in alpine meadow (33250 m) at Quinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The OTCs were distributed on an area of 30x30 m of experimental warming site; another site of the same area was a control one. The root vole population was investigated on two pairs of sites in "low-grazing" (by sheep) parts of the meadow; mark-recapture method was used. The winter-season averaged air and soil temperature inside of the chambers were 1.3°C higher than the temperature outside the chambers. The warming in the chambers had no statistically significant effect on root vole numbers, on average body mass of individual, and on average body mass of males and females. In conclusion, as small as 1.33°C warming of soil and air introduced locally and on small (several m2) scale, in the alpine meadow habitat in winter period, has possibly no effect on root vole numbers and biomass.