Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW – A RELATIONSHIP AND SPACE OF TRUST

100%

Vrzgulová M.

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tom 67

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nr 4

430 – 440

EN

The oral history interview is a “multi-layered communicative event”. It is a unique, active event, reflective of a specific culture and of a particular time and space. Interviews, more precisely biographical interviews, are the tool I have been using for decades. The relationship between the interviewer and interviewee is, therefore, an essential question for me. I interview people to find out what happened to them, how they felt about it, how they recall it and what wider public memory they draw upon. Focused on the biographical narratives, as well as in-depth and repeated interviews, I have constantly faced ethical and moral questions in accordance with my role as a listener, and as a partner in the interview, but also as a scholar with the goal of using the interview in my scientific work. In my text, I would like to develop Hourig Attarian’s inspiring ideas on self-reflexivity, which brings to light the grey zones that we encounter in our work. This is often a difficult and fragile process. It is central to the connections that I create with the interviewees in my projects. These people always affect the course of my work, but also me personally. This balancing act is an exercise. I try to understand my own limits, I try to push my own boundaries, and assess how each of these circumstances impacts my research.

2

COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE. INTERNET DISCUSSION OF NEIGHBOURING GROUP IN POLAND (Pamiec zbiorowa w publicznym dyskursie. Dyskusja internetowa sasiadujacych z soba grup regionalnych)

80%

Szmeja M.

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tom 8

87-102

EN

Official history at school manuals and in scientific publications presented by dominant group is very often questioned by minority groups. Their interpretation of bygone events usually based on oral history. They believed that history transmitted directly in group is more 'authentic', contrary to the official which is more ideological. I went through internet discussion concerning historical background of two neighboring groups. They live on South-West of country, but during the division of Poland in 1792 they were incorporated to different states. One of them - Silesians were included to Prussia, the other group to Russian Empire. The collective memory of these groups were formed in different circumstances and now descendant of these group recall history in different way. They also presented another attitudes toward official history. Nowadays, because of political reason, these groups live in one administration unit. In communist time, group of Russian background was the ruling one. Now Silesians are more influential in social life. What is interesting, both group used history in very instrumental way. The internet discussion shows how both group used their history to substantiate symbolic domination, how they invent their historical position. Discussion contains past events, commemoration of heroes (monuments, name of street), right to use dialect.

3

POLIPHONY OF LATVIAN IDENTITY: THE LATVIAN COMMUNITY IN SWEDEN

80%

Bela B.

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nr 2(55)

39-60

EN

For Latvians as a small nation, concerns about survival of their identity become topical from time to time. A relevant question is how do World War II refugees and their descendants perceive their Latvian identity? The author analyses only one Latvian community and one generation living in Europe by viewing various aspects of ethnic identity in the life-stories of the older generation of Latvians living in Sweden. The central issue is ethnic origin as a collective frame that is filled with diverse content. Research methods are the use of oral history and the biographical approach of sociology. First, the meaning of the identity concept and traditional studies of ethnic identity in sociology is addressed; then attention is devoted to analysis of Latvian identity as presented in life-stories. The material for this study consists of more than 20 life-stories which were recorded during a study trip to Stockholm, Sweden, in 1996, as part of the National Oral History Project. In April 2007, during another trip, four life-stories were continued, and three interviews were held with children or grandchildren of the story tellers; a Latvian Saturday School in Stockholm was visited. Analysis of the experience in exile shows that the feeling of Latvian identity is flexible, diverse and changing.

4

Ordinary Man’s Everyday Places

80%

Rossi L.

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nr 1(2)

251-275

EN

In this essay I study an ordinary individual’s everyday places and their changes during his life span. So far the individual perspective and time dimension. My case is a Finnish male worker from the 20th century and I ask: What were a common man’s everyday places and what kind of meanings did the places have? How and with whom did he create his places? How did his place relationships change during his life? I answer the questions relying on my long-time observations and twenty interviews conducted in 1985–1987 as well as a few environmental paintings he had made over the years. My point of departure is that my subject made his places in various activities with different people at different stages of life. The physical places were first experienced and later recalled and narrated, in some cases even depicted. They were also contemporary or past; obligatory or voluntary; lifelong or temporary or once-in-a-lifetime places. In general, these place categories provide a basis for developing a deeper and more versatile analysis of the human-place relationships and this tentative classification of everyday places constructed on the basis of my research material can be applied to anybody’s life with possible personal supplements.

5

ORAL HISTORY V KONCEPTU SOUDOBÝCH DĚJIN A ORAL HISTORY V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE

70%

Kohoutová K.

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nr 1

-

EN

The oral history could be methodologically shaped and developing freely in the countries of Western Europe and especially in North America after the end of World War II. For political reasons the oral history could not assert itself in Czechoslovakia until 1989. After the fall of the Iron Curtain it began to expand into Eastern Bloc ́s countries including Czechoslovakia. At that time oral history was facing criticism and some kind of demureness from classical historians, who have rejected oral history for many reasons. After more than a quarter of the century the situation has changed. In the Czech Republic oral history has its place between other humanitarian sciences, however the situation is still not comparable with states of Western Europe where oral history has settled already two generations earlier. The contribution provides methodological and historical summaries of oral history. The article discusses a creation of methodology, its development, positive and negative aspects and institution in the Czech Republic. The article is based on a synthesis of available materials and on the author ́s own experience. The aim of it is to make the reader familiar with oral history ́s origin and its development and highlights the challenges that oral historians face. The article presents an evolution of methodology in the Czech Republic and the most important projects.

6

OTHERS OR FOLKS? JEWS IN THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF THE INHABITANTS OF BIALYSTOK REGION (Obcy, czy nasi? Zydzi w pamieci zborowej mieszkanców bialostocczyzny)

70%

Poczykowski R.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

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2009

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tom 15

81-93

EN

The article attempts to explain the phenomenon of the return, after decades of collective amnesia, of the memory of Podlasie Jews to the public life of the citizens of this province. This 'return of memory' can be seen in many spheres of life of the local communities and regional society: from school curricula, through festivals, official celebrations, to turning the rich Jewish past of the region into a tourist attraction. What makes this phenomenon very interesting is the fact that the 'natural subjects' of this memory - Podlasie Jews - almost do not exist here. There is no Jewish community or Jewish social, cultural or religious life in the region anymore, and in the majority of cases the 'memory revival' is only possible thanks to the efforts of the non-Jewish activists and organizations. Why is the region facing the return of the past of Podlasie Jews now - almost two decades after the democratic change in Poland? The author suggests several factors, which are, among others: the democratization of the Polish society combined with the pluralization of the paths of remembering, the changes of Poles' self-perception, the revival of interest in the local past, the changes of school curricula to more open and multicultural narratives, the generational change and the intensification of contacts between Podlasie inhabitants and the Jewish Diaspora. All these have made it possible that more and more often the local Jews who lived here for centuries are, like in the research being done by the author, referred to as 'Our Jews', the folks.

7

Między pamięcią a historią. Przypadek historii rodzinnych

70%

Julkowska V.

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2012

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nr 1(6)

77-92

EN

The article deals with the problem of family histories, which are understand and consider here in double sense. Firstly, as a sort of private story, whose subject is history of the family and people writing it are not often professional historians. In this meaning, family history is a record of memory defined as communicative memory. Second meaning of family histories, refers to understand them as specific kind of historical writing, on the verge of oral history and private history. In this meaning family history by such authors as Maria Czapska or Edward Raczyński from record of communicative memory transforms in private history, about what decides the presence of various historical sources, which authors convert in their historical narration, placing them in wider cultural context of several periods. Chosen examples illustrate and explain both meaning senses of family histories, and moreover, additionally introduce the weft of postmemory in modified and widen meaning beyond sense used by Marianne Hirsch.

8

Pamięć przesiedlonych. Obraz Ukrainy i Ukraińców w świadomości mieszkańców wsi Jugów na Dolnym Śląsku

60%

Doboszewska A.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2010

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tom 2

129-152

EN

The article is one of the results of the oral history project Memory and Oblivion. Sociocultural post-war change of Hausdorf/Jugow in the Owl Mountains, provided by three NGO’s: The Women’s Foundation (Krakow), Integrationswerk RESPEKT (Berlin), Gender Information and Analytical Center KRONA (Kharkiv), and sponsored as a part of the funding programme Geschichtswerkstatt Europa with grants from the foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future.

9

„Mała ojczyzna” w świadomości Ukraińców przesiedlonych z Polski po II wojnie światowej

60%

Bodnar H.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

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2010

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tom 2

119-127

EN

As a result of the Polish-Ukrainian agreement signed in Lublin on 9 September 1944, mutual exchange of citizens of both countries inhabiting the borderlands took place in the years 1944-1947. It was a tragic chapter in the history of both nations. The majority of the people were forced to leave behind their “little Homelands” and journey into the unknown. The change of the dwelling place had a dramatic impact on all spheres of their life and was reflected in their consciousness. This aspect of the consciousness can be studied with the application of oral historical methodology, by collecting and analyzing the eyewitness accounts of the displacements. Presented in this article are the results of a study conducted in a village of the Lviv Oblast, of how those relocated from the Nadsanie region perceive their “little Homeland” today. The testimonies are often contradictory, filled with trifles from days long passed. The image of the “little Homeland” is not homogenous. It concerns the household, farming, Ukrainian villages and ethnic territories within Poland. The memories of life before the displacement prevail, which is particularly evident in the elderly people’s accounts. Despite the harsh living conditions in the 1940s – ethnic conflicts, poverty during and after the Second World War, displacements, etc., the majority of those interviewed describe their time in Poland as good or neutral.

10

BIOGRAPHICAL AND ORAL HISTORY RESEARCH IN LITHUANIA (Eluloo- ja suulise ajaloo uurimine Leedus)

60%

Sutiniene I.

Mäetagused

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2009

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tom 43

145-158

EN

The article provides an overview of the main topics and areas of biographical and oral history research in Lithuania starting from the 1990s. The overview covers studies that analyze oral or written autobiographical narratives or deal with personal experiences of historical events. A brief summary is also given of the institutional activities in collecting biographical information and establishing archives in Lithuania. The issues and areas of biographical research in Lithuania confirm that while analyzing individual biographies of the people of Lithuania it is difficult to avoid the historical dimension, which reflects the relation of an individual with the historical factors and changes (especially, the Soviet and German occupations and the post-Socialist coup). The individual and the collective need to cope with the socio-political breaks and changing regimes have to a considerable degree determined both: the generation and collection of narratives of personal reminiscences as well as the biographical and oral history research.