Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

EFFECT OF HIGH WAGES ON AVERAGE WAGES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

100%

Marek L.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2019

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tom 67

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nr 4

404 – 425

EN

A standard indicator for the amount of wages is the average value, i.e., the arithmetic mean. The average wages are regularly published as one of the economic quantities in which all employees are interested. As a matter of course it is often said that about two-thirds of employees do not achieve the average value of wages. One of the reasons for this fact may be the existence of high wages – that is, wages substantially higher than most of the others. We will see in this paper that, even if there are not many such wages, they may have a strong effect on the average value. Our calculations will show this effect on particular data. We will exclude the high wages from the complete set and recalculate the average values after such exclusions. We will also study the proportion of the high wages in the quantity and amount of all wages. We will also be interested in the value of the median and how this value is changed by excluding the high wages. Another observation is that the high wages and their effects on the average values is predominantly a domain of men – this influence is much smaller for women.

2

SELECTING SUITABLE BUILDING SAVINGS FOR THE CLIENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC USING A MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION PROCEDURE

100%

Borovička A.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 2

180 – 203

EN

Recently, the popularity of building savings has grown. Many people thus are faced with selecting a suitable product. Unfortunately, most clients sign a contract with the bank holding their current account and/or other products. In this simplified manner of choosing, customer’s preferences are often unnecessarily suppressed. To eliminate this, or to select the building savings most appropriate to customer’s needs, a complex user-friendly multi-criteria evaluation procedure is proposed. This approach can consider, as opposed to other well-known methods, all requirements and conditions of a building savings selection. The application power of the proposed concept is illustrated using real situations that can occur on the Czech market. Two most frequent types of client are specified (primarily oriented to a deposit return, and getting a loan). Besides “standard” situations, some more specific cases (a non-traditional savings period of nine years, or building savings for children) are also studied in order to have a greater impact of study to the practice with this product. For each savings strategy, the most suitable building savings is selected. Subsequently, the results are compared and analysed.

3

KOHORTNÍ ZMĚNY V KONCENTRACI PLODNOSTI V ČESKU A NA SLOVENSKU

80%

Šprocha B. , Šídlo L. , Nováková G. , Šťastná A.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2016

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tom 48

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nr 5

474 – 499

EN

The main objective of this study is interested primarily in the inter-individual diversity in fertility according to the parity distribution of women reproduction in Czech Republic and Slovakia. The authors identify a sharp decline in the concentration of reproduction during the 20th century at very low levels. It was primarily the result of a very low childlessness with combination of significant domination of the two-child family model. This trend has reversed for the most recent cohorts. It appears that this development mainly triggered by pluralization of reproductive behaviour. The youngest cohort tends to increase childlessness as well as increase the proportion of women with only one child. The growing concentration of reproduction suggests that future society in Czech Republic and Slovakia should not simply focus on “average” women (or mother) but should take into an account a wide spectrum of orientations and life strategies.

4

“ONLY THIS THEATRE, FAITHFUL AND TRUE, CAN PRESERVE THE DISTINCTIVE IDENTITY...”

80%

Kuminková E. , Vojancová I.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 4

534 - 551

EN

This article explores the complex role played by the staff of open-air museums in the Czech Republic, their relationship with the communities they work with, and their impact on the intangible cultural heritage outside the museum gates. It further explores the considerable role played by researchers active in policy making at open-air museums. The position of open-air museums is rather intricate from the perspective of communities and the state administration, with many different roles and tasks that allow and sometimes even encourage open-air museum employees to transform heritage rules or create new ones. Our conclusions are based on several case studies illustrating how the staffs of Czech open-air museums build their relationships with communities, groups and individuals and how this collaboration effects the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. Ethical issues related to museum interpretation and perceptions of interpreted elements by the public are also discussed

5

EDUCATION EXPERTS: AGENTS OF CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE?

80%

Šimáková M.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2024

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tom 15

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nr 1

71 – 95

EN

More and more experts from the social sciences are appearing in the media to provide expert opinions on media coverage of events and social issues. However, with regard to the conditions under which media content is produced, a growing number of voices have been pointing to the fact that quasi-experts with a media interest tend to speak more in the media than scientifically trained scholars. This article conducts an analysis of media outputs to examine whether this criticism is relevant to the field of education in the Czech media landscape, and the analysis shows that in almost half of cases the so-called “education experts” commenting on education in the media were quasi-experts – people to whom the authority and status to speak on education is attributed by the media – rather than scholarly experts. The analysis results in a classification of experts on education speaking in the Czech media – they usually choose similar rhetoric and accentuate only selected educational topics.

6

REMOTE HOME-BASED EDUCATION AS A NEW PHENOMENON IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – THE EXPERIENCE OF CZECH FAMILIES

80%

Kostelecká Y. , Komárková T. , Novotná V.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2021

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tom 12

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nr 1

141 - 164

EN

In March 2020 a state of emergency was declared in the Czech Republic in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which that resulted in the closures of schools. The provision of education continued through mandatory remote home-based education. The aim of this study is to use in-depth interviews to show how Czech families with children at the primary levels of education have coped with this situation. Based on a qualitative analysis, it is possible to state that the families who participated in the research were coping well with the situation and had come up with effective arrangements both for providing education and for fulfilling other responsibilities. The research also revealed that many families consider this to be very demanding time. At the same time, we identified that the way how families tackled the situation of home-based education depended on several factors. The key role was played by the school factor, namely the quality of remote education offered by school and the communication between the school and the parents. The analysis showed that although the quality of communication and remote education offered by school improved between spring 2020 and autumn 2020, schools still have much room to improve the education provided.

7

LOST IN TRANSLATION: EVER CHANGING AND COMPETING PURPOSES FOR NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

80%

Greger D. , Kifer E.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2012

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tom 3

|

nr 1

43 – 81

EN

In reaction to central control of schooling by the Soviet Union, the Czech Republic countered with what some say was the most decentralized system in Europe. While the political move to democracy was extraordinarily successful, there were numerous governments between 1989 and the present. The combination of the decentralized control of schooling and lack of continuity in the political realm in regard to education lengthened substantially the amount of time it has taken to mount national assessments. Those assessments, 5th and 9th grade and a high school leaving examination, are now on track but not without political and technical barriers.

8

POTENCIÁL VENKOVA PRO PRAKTIKOVÁNÍ SOCIÁLNĚ INKLUZIVNÍCH AKTIVIT

80%

Husák J. , Hudečková H. , Kučerová E.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2019

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tom 51

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nr 2

115 – 136

EN

The paper is focused on appreciation of natural potential and social networks in rural areas through social services. This issue is researched on the case of formalised social inclusive activities. Using secondary analysis was created original set of information about these activities within rural municipalities in the Czech Republic. The results of primary research show, that high natural potential is reflected by rural inhabitants. However, this potential is not often connected with realisation of social inclusive activities. If local actors realise these activities, it is within localities where local communities dispose with higher sociocultural potential – especially bridging social capital.

9

MOTIVACE RODIČŮ K DOMÁCÍMU VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ V ČESKÉM KONTEXTU

80%

Kostelecká Y. , Kaščák O. , Komárková T. , Klapálková V.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2023

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tom 55

|

nr 5

496 – 521

EN

The crisis of public education caused by school lockdowns during Covid-19 pandemic caused cultural shock but also opened the space for alternative modes of education such as homeschooling. Legitimacy of homeschooling and its popularity among parents and policymakers has already been increasing in the last decades. The aim of the study is to identify motives for homeschooling by a research design based on in-depth interviews with (grand) parents of homeschooled children. The results of analysis distinguished two types of motives: motives related to dissatisfaction of families with the performance of school system and motives related to family values and life-style.

10

THE OLDER UNEMPLOYED WORKER’S CONUNDRUM IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA: FIND A JOB OR LEAVE THE LABOUR MARKET?

80%

Flek V. , Hála M. , Mysíková M.

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tom 68

|

nr 6

541 – 562

EN

We analyse labour market prospects of unemployed Czechs and Slovaks aged 50 – 65. Those aged 55 and over face the most diminished opportunities for re-employment and the strongest incentives to withdraw from the labour force. Women and individuals in poor health also fall into strongly disadvantaged/ discouraged subcategories. Education levels or regional economic conditions do not significantly affect the re-employment odds. While these trends are similar in both countries, older Czechs face a lower probability of remaining unemployed, due to more frequent use of labour force withdrawals as an exit from unemployment. More frequent withdrawals occur in all subcategories of older unemployed Czechs, and can be observed after any comparable unemployment duration. The probability of re-employment of older Czechs and Slovaks is equivalent early in an unemployment spell, but becomes higher for older Slovaks after the fifth month of unemployment, even for those aged 60+. We suspect that the higher pensionable age in the Czech Republic is unlikely to function as a strong push factor to return to employment. We also point to the shorter duration of unemployment benefits for older Slovaks, which may encourage more job-finding effort.

11

Profesor Jan Burian, historik antického starověku, pedagog a překladatel.(Poznámky k portrétu učence)

80%

Lisový I.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2012

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tom 3

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nr 1

65-66

EN

This contribution presents an overview of the life and work of the influential Czech and European scholar engaging in the history and culture of the classical antiquity, professor Jan Burian, CSc. (1929–2011), who in the last decade cooperated with the Latin language and culture course at the Faculty of Arts, Ostrava University. Prof. J. Burian occupied himself with the study of the late-Roman historiography with focus on the genesis and development of the Christian historiography and the formation of the Christian philosophy of history in the intellectual confrontation with the pagan world. J. Burian was the author of an array of crucial scientific works and influential teacher lecturing at several universities both in the former Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic.

12

„PRVNÍCH DESET LET JSEM SI S PERSONÁLEM NETYKAL.“ POZICE KAPLANA V ČESKÉ VĚZNICI

80%

Beláňová A. , Trejbalová T.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2020

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tom 52

|

nr 1

5 – 23

EN

The chaplain, with a religious background practicing pastoral care, plays a role that conflicts with the norms of the secular institution that formally employs him. In this regard, prison is a highly challenging workplace. Drawing on qualitative data, we examine the position and identity of the prison chaplain in the Czech prison system. We argue that the main source of tension within the workplace is the chaplain’s profound interest in a prisoner’s personal life. This tendency is in a clear contrast with the intentions of the punitive prison system. Examples the potential of chaplain’s role are also discussed.

13

Reprodukce vzdělanostních nerovností v České republice po sametové revoluci v evropském kontextu

80%

Simonova N. , Soukup P.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2009

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tom 45

|

nr 5

935-966

EN

This article traces the effect of socio-economic, cultural, and gender factors on the reproduction of educational inequalities in access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, and Sweden. Single-country analyses conducted to date on the Czech Republic have reached conflicting results both on the development of educational inequalities since the fall of socialism and on the weight of the factors behind those inequalities. Also, no international comparison has been conducted. Thus, the authors pursue two new directions of inquiry: 1) an international comparison, and 2) an update of the development of inequalities in all the mentioned countries since 2002. The authors used multi-dimensional statistical methods (logit models and a log-linear analysis) and the most recent available international data from the European Social Survey. The results revealed that out of all the countries studied it is in the Czech Republic that access to tertiary education is currently determined most by the cultural component of social background (the father's education). The country closest to the Czech Republic in this regard is Switzerland. The educational status of the family is also a crucial factor in educational reproduction in Sweden. Paradoxically, in the countries that historically and geographically are closest to the Czech Republic, namely, Poland and Germany, the crucial determinant in the transmission of educational status is the father's class.

14

MANIFESTATIONS OF MARIAN DEVOTION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - PAST AND PRESENT (Projevy marianske religiozity v Ceske republice - vcera a dnes)

80%

Holubova M.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 4

361-373

EN

The Czech society is considered, together with the society of the former East Germany, to be one of the most secularized in the world. The aim of the present paper is to sketch in a large outline not only the historical preconditions of this opinion, but also to resume the existing partial results of ethnological research focused on the contemporary changes of religiousness and manifestations of Marian devotion in the Czech Republic after the year 1989. The years 1989 a 1990 brought innumerable forms of religiousness. From the variants of classical Chriastianity through its rather deformed forms up to the spiritual schools of the Far East. At presents there are two Marian movements in Czec Republic: Marian Movements of Priests and Apostolate of Fatima (Blue Army).

15

PREZIDENT REPUBLIKY A ZÁKONODÁRSTVÍ V ČR

80%

Koudelka Z.

Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)

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2012

|

tom 95

|

nr 3

227 – 236

EN

The president of the republic is not only the authority of executive power, whose competence is executive completely. As the head of the state he intervenes in the legislative power, where he has significant rights. The most important right is the right of veto, which is by the Constitution regulated as a suspensive, but toward the end of electoral term of the House of Deputies it usually becomes the absolute veto. There is a serious fault in the Contitution – the Constitution doesn’t solve the creation of acts, including constitutional acts, during serious threat to state, especially during the war. The example of president’s Beneš decrees proves that during the occupation of the state territory it is impossible to guarantee working Parlament as a great collective authority. The state continuity, including legislative and constitutional competence, is performed by the head of the state, although the Constitution doesn’t know such a competence.

16

TRANSAKČNÍ NÁKLADY VEŘEJNÝCH VÝDAJOVÝCH PROGRAMŮ

80%

Pavel J.

|

2014

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tom 62

|

nr 4

411 – 424

EN

The public expenditure programs create an integral and very important part of public expenditure. Their efficiency is greatly influenced by the value of transaction costs. This issue is currently being widely discussed both on the theoretical and the practical level. The aim of presented paper is to define the position of the transaction costs in methodological framework of 3E and to summarize the results of their measurements in the Czech Republic. The article divides transaction costs into two groups: administrative (expended by the program administrators) and compliance (expended by recipients). Presented results of empirical research clearly show that size of transaction costs is certainly significant. The value of relative administrative costs is between 0.1 and 4%. Significantly higher are, however, relative compliance costs; in some cases even reach 28%.

17

Prostorová specifika strukturální nezaměstnanosti na úrovni obcí v České republice

80%

Feřtrová M. , Temelová J.

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tom 47

|

nr 4

681-716

EN

The article analyses spatial differences in unemployment according to the demographic features and attained education of job-seekers at the municipal level in the Czech Republic between 2005 and 2010. The article attempts to examine whether significant spatial disparities can be identified in the socio-demographic features of job applicants in order to detect disadvantaged localities in terms of specific structural unemployment concentration. The article is based on a statistical analysis of the database of the structure of job applicants maintained by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The research demonstrated that attained education and qualifications are the key factors behind the spatial differentiation of unemployment at the microlevel, while gender and age are only secondary factors.

18

TAX POLICY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SECURING FUNDS FOR RETIREMENT

80%

Janoušková J. , Kirschnerová P.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2018

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tom 66

|

nr 9

888 – 908

EN

Pension policy and issues relating to the life of the elderly in an ageing Europe is one of the major areas that cannot be ignored. The severity of the pension issues is enhanced by the long-term demographic development and the associated question of financing the pension system. The paper is aimed at tax allowances, which are intended to support the old-age security in the form of voluntary and individual savings. In addition to their description, the ways of how these options are used by tax entities are clarified, too. The aim of the research is to assess the use of legislative tax tools leading to the increase in the effectiveness of the given measures. Methodically the research is based on the evaluation of secondary statistical data of the Czech Statistical Office and Financial Administration of the Czech Republic. The data are statistically backed up by primary research, which was carried out in 2016.

19

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION AND STRUCTURAL CHANNELS: A CASE STUDY OF UKRAINIAN WORKING MIGRANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

80%

Strielkowski W. , Rausser G.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2013

|

tom 61

|

nr 10

1034 – 1052

EN

This article investigates the role of economic restructuring in the construction sectors in the Czech Republic and Ukraine. Our analysis is based on a unique dataset obtained via questionnaire surveys in Zakarpattia region of Ukraine and multivariate models linking prior work experience in the Ukrainian construction sector and the likelihood of working in the Czech construction sector, net of other theoretically important controls. The results of our research show that integration of the Czech and Ukrainian construction sectors has created international “structural channels”, that push migration from Ukraine to the Czech Republic along occupational lines. We draw implications of the analysis for the broader international economic restructuring and integration in the European Union.

20

ACCURACY OF MODELS PREDICTING CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY IN A SELECTED INDUSTRY BRANCH

80%

Čámská D.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

|

2016

|

tom 64

|

nr 4

353 – 366

EN

The paper's main aim is an accuracy verification of dozens models predicting financial distress. The evaluated models were created in the past in developed countries and especially in transition economies. High probability of bankruptcy does not affect only an ailing enterprise itself but it also influences other business related entities or counterparties and therefore the results provided by models predicting financial distress have their serious usage as scoring models. Models predicting financial distress help the decision making process by predicting future development of selected business entities. Research hypotheses are based on the idea that already existing models predicting financial distress still have enough explanatory power and accuracy for decision making and there is no need for the creation of a new one. The research should answer the question which models should be recommended nowadays the most for practical use. The paper uses for the verification tools such as Type I Error, Type II Error, ROC Curves and related AuROC coefficients.