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PROCRASTINATION AMONG MORE/LESS CONSCIENTIOUS STUDENTS. THE ROLE OF SELF-CONTROL AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION

100%

Berinšterová M. , Magdová M. , Fuchsová K. , Kapová J.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2021

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tom 24

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nr 2

19 - 34

EN

Procrastination is a phenomenon that causes negative consequences in terms of fulfillment of study obligations, study and work results. Educational psychology can examine its predictors and consequences in order to prevent this dysfunctional behavioral strategy - and such research has been found to be important especially among future teachers. Studies show that self-control as well as motivation could be the two pathways underlying the impact of conscientiousness on procrastination (Gao, Zhang, Xu, Zhou & Feng, 2021), or are considered important predictors of procrastination (Magdová, Fuchsová & Berinšterová, 2021). It has also been found that the variables of self-concept are involved differently in the level of procrastination of more/less conscientious university students (Berinšterová, Bozogáňová, Magdová, Kapová & Fuchsová, 2021). Based on these results, the aim of the contribution was to verify the linear model of procrastination for two groups of university students – more conscientious and less conscientious. The sample was divided into more conscientious and less conscientious students by the visual binning method. Descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, T-test and linear regression were conducted in SPSS 20. The results point to the importance of self-concept in relation to procrastination. Also, the connection between self-control and procrastination needs to be explored with regard to the motivational aspects of personality. Research has also pointed to a close relationship between self-control and conscientiousness.

2

PROBLÉM SEBAPOZNANIA V XENOFÓNTOVOM DIELE MEMORABILIA

88%

Wollner U.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 7

622-630

EN

Many scholars suggest that one of the main differences between Xenophon's and Plato's portrayals of Socrates is in their emphases on the self-control or self-knowledge respectively. The aim of the paper is to examine the role the self-knowledge plays in Xenophon's Memorabilia. In its first part Xenophon's conception of the self-knowledge is analysed. Then it tries to answer the question whether the self-knowledge requires any preconditions. The last part is focused on the possible obstacles precluding the self-knowledge.

3

Wolna wola w świetle badań współczesnej psychologii nad procesami samoregulacji oraz samokontroli

88%

Kadzikowska-Wrzosek R.

Psychologia Społeczna

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2010

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tom 5

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nr 4(15)

330-344

EN

The article introduces current attempts, in contemporary psychology, to respond to the phenomenon of free will. Psychologists, who believe that determinism excludes free will, adopt a different definition of free will, than those psychologists, who believe that it is possible to reconcile determinism with freedom of will. The first, freedom of the will involve with the belief of individuals that they could have acted differently than they did, and treat this belief to be illusory. Others will define freedom as freedom from coercion and mainly show the possibilities of individuals in the scope of action and self-control, which allow the realization of their goals and objectives (Bandura, 2008). Simultaneously conducted research confirms that the lack of pressure and coercion in the action is associated with a better ability to self-regulation. The article discusses two different types of action control: self-regulation, as an example of "democratic" control, and self-control as "authoritarian", repressive type of action control (Kuhl, 1996; Ryan & Deci, 2008). Empirical reports, presented in this article, show unconscious automatic or the intuitive nature of the regulation which does not exclude subjectivity (Kolanczyk, 2009) and is often associated with "democratic" type of action control. Observed, both in experimental studies as well as in everyday life, difficulties in self-regulation, in the light of presented findings, seem to have their roots in non-compliance objectives with the needs, the value system and directly result from the nature of activities involved in this type of control.

4

S ODSTUPOM ČASU: AKRASIA A INTERTEMPORÁLNE STRATÉGIE

88%

Rozemberg A.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2020

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tom 75

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nr 10

861 – 872

EN

Intertemporal decision making research in the fields of psychology and behavioural economy (Mischel et al. 1972, Kahneman & Tversky 1979, Loewenstein & Prelec 1992, O’Donoghue & Rabin 1999) shows that people are less concerned about distant future benefits than about outcomes that arrives sooner. Although the economy of “sooner rather than later”, i. e. focus on short-term utility, may have good evolutionary explanation mainly in the past, it can be also, if connected with other factors, one of the main factors of contemporary environmental crisis, as well as unwillingness to do something. The aim of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of time preference in relation to the philosophical concept of akrasia or weakness of will, and show to what degree rational argumentation and cognitive strategies of delayed gratification can be useful in this direction. According to the pessimistic scenario the time distant and abstract nature of the global risks must not evoke sufficient reactions in the form of behavioural changes (motivate people to the long-term strategies). If so, then either a kind of paternalist intervention or direct personal experience of permanent crisis is needed.

5

STAROSŤ O SEBA V PLATÓNOVOM DIALÓGU GORGIAS

88%

Wollner U.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2010

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tom 65

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nr 3

227-238

EN

The paper offers an analysis of Plato's conception of the care of the self in his 'Gorgias'. There are two components of the self-care: self-knowledge and self-control. The first part deals with self-knowledge. The second part asks the question, whether can be there a fixed model of the individual soul's order. The third part of the paper deals with Plato's conception of self-control. The last part is concerned with the problem of self-control training.

6

SELF-CONTROL IN HYPNOSIS: TO WHAT EXTENT ARE SUGGESTIONS COERCIVE?

75%

Katona G. , Banyai E.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2008

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tom 63

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nr 3

EN

The changing of self-control in hypnosis in subjects of different hypnotic susceptibility was studied in our research, comparing experiential and behavioral aspects of resistance. Subjects first participated in a usual group hypnosis with test suggestions, then in another session participants were requested immediately after arrival to resist the suggestions (that were the same as before) without the hypnotist's awareness of this request. During both hypnosis sessions the passing of the suggestions was measured according to the judgments of both the subjects and independent observers. Furthermore, subjects were asked to rate how intentional they felt the resistance, how much effort they had to do, and how involuntary they felt their behaviour. The results showed that people are usually able to resist suggestive effects. The degree of their resistance was higher according to their own judgment than according to the observers' measure. The classical suggestion effect, namely the involuntariness of experiencing suggestions, operates also in a resistance situation, but this involuntariness is not coercive for the majority of the people to pass the suggestions. Significant decrease of self-control in hypnosis could be observed only in a small proportion of the people. Resisting demanded active cognitive effort in most of the cases, especially for hypnotically susceptible subjects. But it seems that not only hypnotic susceptibility plays role in a successful resistance, but the influence of different - cognitive and affective - mediating factors can be presumed. In the present study the effect of motivation is emphasized primarily because our results show that the success of resistance is significantly determined by the subjects' intention to resist. People are often inclined to let the suggestions take an effect on them, when the experiences promise to be interesting or pleasant for them, even when the demand of the environment is to resist.

7

SELF-CONTROL IN HYPNOSIS AND A REGRESSIVE TRANSFERENCELIKE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE HYPNOTIST (Onkontroll hipnozisban es a hipnotizor iranti atteteles viszonyulas)

75%

Katona G. , Banyai E.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2009

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tom 64

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nr 3

EN

In the present research the changing of self-control in hypnosis was studied, comparing experiential and behavioral aspects of resistance. In this study the relationship between a regressive, transference-like attitude towards the hypnotist (archaic involvement) and self-control was analysed. In an experiment subjects first participated in a usual group hypnosis with test suggestions, then in another session, in which immediately after arrival, participants were requested to resist the suggestions (that were the same as before) without the hypnotist's awareness of this request. In the course of both hypnosis sessions the passing of the suggestions was scored both by the subjects and by independent observers. The relationship between the archaic involvement measure and the motivation and ability for resistance, the experience of resistance and the involuntariness of hypnotic behavior were measured as well. The results indicate that in a situation of resistance only superficial positive regressive attitude towards the hypnotist is developed; but this situation seems to be favourable for the negative aspects of transference. The deeper the positive archaic involvement (primarily the dependence from the hypnotist and the fear of the hypnotist's negative judgment), the subjects took less effort to resist the suggestions, and they were less able to resist as well. In the meantime, they usually felt that their behavior was involuntary, not directed by themselves. Subjects highly susceptible to hypnosis can be especially inclined to relive their early relationships in relation to the hypnotist so intensively that, neglecting all other aspects, they behave primarily according to the hypnotist's suggestions.

8

SENSE OF LIFE CHANCES AND ITS CONNECTIONS WITH MOTIVATION - AN EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY (Poczucie szans zyciowych i jego zwiazki z motywacja na przykladzie studentów szkoly wyzszej niepublicznej)

63%

Chyla M.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2008

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tom 34

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nr 1

153-168

EN

This article describes the mechanics that can influence social (especially professional) mobility of graduates of private universities and the school's position. It is about the connection of students' sense of social chances with their motivation to act. Contemporary theories of motivation recognize the human being as an active person, not a passive object of influences. An individual is capable of self-control, an active search for information about the surrounding world and autonomous decision-making. These theories also emphasize the essential value of subjective meaning of acting for an individual. We can presume that the sense of social chances will be influencing motivation to act in a sense that it will increase when this sense is high/good and decrease when this sense is low/bad. This article is based on research conducted in May 2006 and 2007 among students of private universities.