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The Failure of British Multiculturalism: Lessons for Europe

100%

Fomina J.

nr 4(156)

409-424

This paper acknowledges the need for greater convergence of immigrant and ethnic minorities integration policies in Europe and critically examines the general conviction that Great Britain is the source of best practice in this policy area. The articles' main thesis is that contrary to the commonly held view, multiculturalism as an integration policy is not effective and adequate. This claim is supported by the three groups of arguments. First of all, multiculturalist policies have led to ghettoisation of the society and ethnically-driven conflicts instead of integration. Moreover, such policies often violate basic principles of democracy and equality as well as abuse individual human rights in the name of the rights of cultural groups. Finally, multiculturalist approach is inadequate especially at the times of 'super-diversity', in other words, unprecedented inter- and intra-group diversification. In conclusion principles for the future common EU integration policy that can be derived from the British experience are suggested.

Epistemocentryzm jako epistemologiczna przeszkoda nauk społecznych

100%

Kuszyk-Bytniewska M.

nr 2(188)

165-182

Rationality, intersubjectivity, and objectivity have been conceived as primary epistemological categories from the begining of modern epoch. They characterize knowledge or subjects of knowledge, or even their activity - cognition. Epistemocentrism - in P. Bourdieu view typical to modern thinking - and supporting it epistemological fundamentalism are nothing else but limitation of the meaning of these categories. In the bygone times, epistemocentrism was useful, but now is a simply anachronism in the face of modern roles of knowledge in societies and in the face of growing progress of social sciences. Today, science and its contribution in the social worlds are not the same as once. Therefore, the need arises for revision of epistemocentrism as well as for the fulfillment of the 'epistemological gap' which emerged from collapse of epistemological fundamentalism. I think that there is a room for the new 'philosophical partition of reality' emancipated from Cartesian despotism of ego cogito and recovering intuitional insights in the social life of the ancient thinkers as Aristotle. In the paper, I concentrate on thesis that epistemocentrism is an epistemological obstacle in the social sciences and source of their crises.

POLITIKA MEDZI DISKURZOM A TEÓRIOU. NEDOSTATOK RACIONALITY?

88%

Lysý J.

nr 1

23 – 31

Policies on the threshold of the third Millennium still seem to be reluctant to decide between economic growth and social distribution. In our context a search for proportionating of the micro- and macro- worlds of politics cannot leave out such terms as for example a progress. It is not simple to prove whether objective progress does or does not exist. Even in early times of modernity philosophers knew well that a rational argument cannot be applied because scientific progress reasoning as a rational argument is part of science method. Social sciences deem it fruitful to search for fundamental contradictions when analysing social reality. When studying capitalism we must consider its raison d´être, the never ending capital accumulation. It is not simple to answer to the question why the modernity ideologists were promising what could not be fulfilled, why people believed their promises and why they do not believe them today. Thus the problem of rationality today is influenced by this situation.

PIERRE BOURDIEU: THE SOCIOLOGIST BETWEEN ECONOMICS AND LITERATURE

88%

Vajdova L.

nr 2

66-78

Social and sociological orientation in the contemporary Western literary criticism is one of the most interesting but also the most fashioned trends. In his works about literature, Bourdieu represents a trial for reconciliation of structuralistic methodology and Marxist views in the social sciences and humanities becoming one of the motivational sociological and cultural issues. The article maps some of Bourdieu's opinions and shows a view of possible application of his results in the study of history of literature. Bourdieu's analysis in the French modernism from the second half of 19th century (Les regles de l'art) opens literary topics for sociological orientation of both theory and empirical research under one condition - to not apply his systematism and terminology in a mechanical way. In connection with the general tendencies to contextual study of literature seems to change the existing traditional approaches in a literary history by the contribution of the cultural representations of the time in study.