Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Wprowadzenie do badań nad dzieciństwem w kulturze Zachodu.

100%

Mostowska J.

Kwartalnik Filmowy

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2013

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nr 81

6-23

PL

Artykuł jest próbą zarysowania wybranych problemów i refleksji odnoszących się do kategorii dziecka i dzieciństwa, jak również wskazania kilku zmian, jakie zaszły w postrzeganiu najmłodszych i ich roli w zachodnich społeczeństwach na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku stuleci – zmian, które były kluczowe dla ukształtowania się dzisiejszego sposobu percepcji dzieciństwa. Artykuł jest zatem: po pierwsze, próbą doprecyzowania kategorii dziecka i dzieciństwa odnoszących się do nieco innych sfer pojęciowych; po drugie, wskazania kilku istotnych czynników, które wpływały na zmianę sposobu widzenia roli dziecka oraz rozumienia dzieciństwa w społeczeństwie i kulturze, doprowadzając do wykształcenia się współczesnej wizji dzieciństwa; po trzecie, zarysowania współczesnego wizerunku dziecka i dzieciństwa w oparciu o refleksje pojawiające się na gruncie interdyscyplinarnych badań nad dzieciństwem oraz wskazania na pewne sposoby obecności i rekonstruowania wizerunku dziecka i dzieciństwa w tekstach kultury.

EN

The article presents selected problems and reflections related to the category of a child and childhood. It also points to several changes which took place during the last centuries in the way chil- dren are perceived, and how their place changed in Western societies. These changes are crucial in how children and childhood are perceived today. The aims of the article are: first, to clarify the categories of child and childhood that relate to somewhat different areas of thought; second, to show several important factors that influenced the change in the perception of the role of the child, and how childhood was understood within society and culture, leading to the contemporary vision of childhood; third, to outline the contemporary image of a child and childhood, basing the outline on reflections appearing within interdisciplinary research on childhood, and finally to point out certain ways of presence and reconstruction of the image of child and childhood in the texts of culture.

2

Enteroviral meningitis in children in Turkey

51%

Şensoy G. , Sel K. , Özkaya E. , Çuhaci Çakir B. , Vidinlisan S. , Doganci L.

Open Medicine

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2009

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tom 4

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nr 2

253-258

EN

In the indexed medical literature, there have been a very limited number of studies to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical features of enteroviral meningitis in Turkey. The aim of the present retrospective study is to update the actual situation to recognize the spectrum and magnitude of this important clinical entity. Between June 1999 and December 2004, 612 cases of aseptic meningitis were followed up at our hospital. Enteroviral meningitis was defined by isolation of enteroviruses from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or stool samples. Mumps virus was detected in 310 cases (50.7%) and enteroviruses were the etiologic agents in 104 (17%) of the patients with aseptic meningitis. Most of the enteroviral meningitis cases (36 cases, 34.6%) were diagnosed in August and 70 (67.3%) of them were male. The mean age was 5.6 ± 3.4 years. The most common initial symptoms were fever (81.7%), vomiting (77.9%) and headache (57.7%). In the physical examination, 46.2% of the cases had neck stiffness and 38.5% had pharyngitis. Echovirus 30 was the most frequently (38 cases, 36.5%) isolated enterovirus with peaks in 1999, 2002 and 2004. The other frequently isolated enteroviruses were Coxsackie virus type B (17 cases, 16.3%), echovirus 6 (11 cases, 10.6%), echovirus 11 (6 cases, 5.8%), and echovirus 13 (4 cases, 3.8 %). Mean hospitalization time was 6.2 ± 2.4 days. All patients recovered without any sequelae. Enteroviruses have an important role in childhood aseptic meningitis cases in Turkey too, and the predominant serotypes vary according to years.

3

Relationship Between Break-Time Physical Activity, Age, and Sex in a Rural Primary Schools, Wales, UK

51%

Escalante Y. , Backx K. , Saavedra M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 1

227-234

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the physical activity during the break-times of primary school children in rural areas, and its relationship with age and sex. 380 children (192 boys and 188 girls; age=9.5±1.1 years) participated in the study. Break-time physical activity in the morning and lunch breaks was measured by accelerometry. An ANOVA was used to determine differences by sex in each age group, together with the respective confidence intervals and effect sizes. The results showed that 8-year-olds performed more physical exercise than 11-year-olds during the two breaks (p=0.005). For the boys, the 8-year-olds did more physical activity than the 10-year-olds, while, for the girls, those aged 8 and 9 years did more PA than girls aged 11 years (p<0.001). The only difference between boys and girls was for the 10-year-olds (p=0.043), with the boys doing more physical activity. Teachers might find it useful to take these findings into account to design physical activity programmes aimed at increasing the playground physical activity of older children.

4

Democratic movements in Lebanon and children’s understanding of their rights

51%

Sabbagh R.

Society Register

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2022

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tom 6

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nr 2

87-108

EN

Children’s rights should be applicable for children, and be acknowledged by children themselves and practice them in the present and future lives. The increasing awareness and concern about children’s rights need a thorough investigation of how children themselves understand their rights. The aim of this study is to analyze the perspective of children in Lebanon of their rights and examine the impact of democratic movements on their understanding of their rights. A qualitative research methodology was employed and data were gathered in the form of semi-structured VoIP interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The analysis presented in this paper signifies that the democratic movements are being both a source and an approach of recognizing and practising children’s rights, especially the right to participate, freedom of expression, and equality, along with the right to education, social security, and protection from all forms of abuse. Hence, it could be concluded that democratic movements are important in constructing and reconstructing children’s understanding of their rights.

5

Janina Kostkiewicz (Ed.), Crime without Punishment… The Extermination and Suffering of Polish Children during the German Occupation 1939–1945, Jagiellonian University Press, Kraków 2020, pp. 272

44%

Czerepaniak-Walczak M.

Kultura i Edukacja

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2021

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nr 2(132)

199-203

EN

The text is a review of a collective work devoted, as the title indicates, to the extermination and suffering of Polish children during World War II. The content of the chapters focuses on the fate of Polish children in the General Government and East Prussia of the Third Reich as well as in the territory of Germany after 1945. The individual chapters contain documented crimes against Polish children not only in concentration camps but also in places of residence (Łódź, Zamojszczyzna, CONFIDENTIAL: FOR PEER REVIEW ONLY Białystok, and others). The book includes 12 chapters presenting the effects of the policy of the occupant towards the youngest generation in the period indicated by the caesura, and 2 chapters devoted to the fate of Polish children, who the end of the war found in Germany. The publication of this monograph in English enables the dissemination of knowledge about the fate of Polish children during World War II among a wide range of English-speaking readers. It also fosters reflection on the long-term consequences of wars and the paradox of the 20th century as the “Centenary of the Child” that was announced by Ellen Key

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Kindheit – Jugend – Demokratie. Von der Kontingenz, dem verschwinden und der Normalisierung der Jugend in modernen Gesellschaften

44%

Benner D. , Stępkowski D.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

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2012

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tom 32

81-97

EN

Contrary to appearances, childhood and adolescence are not only biological phenomena, but also something overtly historical. Thus, they can and must be considered in the context of democracy. The article is divided into four parts. First, the authors recall that in Greek paideia, childhood was hardly given thought and that it was only the Renaissance that saw changes to the concept of man, which led to crystallizing the concept of modern childhood and youth. The second section reconstructs the meaning of the terms “childhood” and “adolescence” in the views of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The theme of the third part is the historicity of childhood, adolescence and adulthood, which the authors discuss against the background of Neil Postman’s thesis about the disappearance of childhood and adulthood. In the fourth and final section, the authors attempt, first of all, to clarify what really is disappearing forever, and what remains despite transformations, and, secondly, to indicate the central issues in the relationship between childhood, adolescence, and democracy.

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Safety and efficacy of two protocols for sedation in pediatric oncology procedures

44%

Crea F. , Ruggiero A. , Genovese O. , Tortorolo L. , Zorzi G. , Chiaretti A.

Open Medicine

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2008

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tom 3

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nr 1

77-82

EN

Invasive procedures, such as the lumbar puncture, can cause anxiety and pain in children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We investigated the safety and efficacy of two different protocols for pain relief in 20 children with ALL undergoing lumbar puncture. Protocol A was composed of an association between propofol and alfentanil. Protocol B consisted in the combination of propofol and ketamine. Vital and behavioural parameters, sedation and pain scores were recorded at different times during and after the procedure. All patients showed a satisfactory sedation and analgesia. We found a statistically significant difference of vital parameters between protocol A and protocol B, while there were no significative differences between sedation scores and the other parameters evaluated. Patients in protocol A showed a higher incidence of major side effects, such as respiratory depression. Our results show that both protocols are effective to obtain a good sedation and analgesia in children with ALL undergoing lumbar puncture, but the association between propofol and ketamine appears more safe due to the lower incidence of side effects.

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Italian Social Policy for Mother and Child during the World War II (1943–1945)

44%

La Banca D.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2016

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tom 24

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nr 2

35-49

EN

During the Second World War the fascism regime was called on to give concrete proof of the efficacy and efficiency levels of the welfare institutions they had created. This essay analyses one of those institutions: The National Agency for Maternity and Childhood [Opera nazionale per la protezione della maternità e dell’infanzia, ONMI] created in 1925. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, to analyse the birth of Fascist social policy aimed at mothers and children and its links with demographic policies and gender rules in fascist society. Second, to verify how social policies functioned during the occupation period in Italy. An analysis of ONMI activity, considering how it operated to meet the needs of mothers and children allows us to verify to what extent the regime’s propagandised welfare policies were realized and to what extent the Social Italian Republic (RSI) was really “social”. Moreover, the paper will compare the role played by the occupation forces (Anglo-American and Nazi troops) in the new organization during this dramatic, reconstructing ONMI activity in the North (RSI) and in the South (Kingdom of the South) of Italy.

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El terror maternal contemporáneo desde la psicopatía del personaje infantil en Babadook (2014)

44%

Escalaz Ruiz M. I.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2019

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tom 11

107-144

EN

The home associated with the idea of security and family may become a locuscorruptus, that is, a place that instead of safeguarding us from the dangers,threats and fears from the outside ends up being the generator of them.Maternal horror relationships may also become uncanny/unheimlich. Thispaper aims to identify and analyse the latent individual and collectivesubconscious of the maternal relationship between the characters of Silvia andSamuel in the film directed by Jennifer Kent, The Babadook (2014). Thenightmares, fears and the trauma are incarnated though the monstruosity thattakes place in the family with a depressive mother and a disruptive son. Theseare developed in a home where the collective fears from childhood and thesupernatural are combined with elements of psychopathology. The film may berelated to the Suburban Gothic because of the haunted house being viewed as acharacter which the supernatural and the ghosts habitated, as well as thedwelling place of monsters such as Míster Babadook. Furthermore, the house isalso conceived as an element of the horror genre and an example ofcontemporary maternal horror since there exists a demonization of the madnessof Amelia as a woman and mother.

10

Timely identification of children with cancer

38%

Starke S. , Weber A. , Fest S. , Fischer L. , Christiansen H.

Open Medicine

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2013

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tom 8

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nr 6

697-706

EN

Background. Cancer in childhood is rare, but nevertheless one of the most frequent causes of disease related death. Initial symptoms are often unspecific, frequently leading to a delay of cancer diagnosis. As a timely diagnosis can be crucial for the clinical outcome, our aim is to point out when unspecific symptoms should be considered suspect of being associated with specific cancer entities. Data sources. A systematic literature research in PubMed and current biliographies, as well as an evaluation of published epidemiologic data was performed. Results. This article reviews the typical presenting features and epidemiologic characteristics of the more common childhood malignancies, elucidates when specific and virtually unspecific symptoms require further evaluation, and gives advice how to start a rational diagnostic workup. Furthermore, genetic syndromes requiring increased watchfulness for cancer in childhood are demonstrated. Conclusion. Patients showing suspect symptoms should early be referred to specialized centres to assure optimal diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

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Wywiad narracyjny z dzieckiem na przykładzie relacji dzieci o ich Pierwszej Komunii Świętej

26%

Siegieńczuk M.

Edukacja Elementarna w Teorii i Praktyce

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2018

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tom 13

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nr 4(50)

67-84

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie możliwości zastosowania techniki wywiadu narracyjnego w odniesieniu do dzieci. Przedmiotem rozważań są kwestie natury metodologicznej i etycznej zastosowanej metody oraz trudności praktyczne towarzyszące pozyskiwaniu narracji w omawianej grupie badanych. W tekście poruszam najpierw wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące badań nad dzieckiem i dzieciństwem, a następnie te aspekty, z którymi zetknęłam się w praktyce badawczej. Refleksję nad swobodnym wywiadem narracyjnym, będącą metodą badania jakościowego wykorzystywaną do badań nad dzieciństwem, podejmuję na podstawie 11 wywiadów z dziewięciolatkami na temat przeżytej przez nich uroczystości Pierwszej Komunii Świętej. Oddanie głosu dzieciom jako narratorom pozwoliło zaobserwować nie tylko metodologiczne walory techniki wywiadu narracyjnego, ale i sposoby różnych interpretacji przez dzieci tego samego ważnego wydarzenia. Zastosowanie jej w odniesieniu do dzieci prowadzi do wniosku, że jest to cenny sposób gromadzenia danych umożliwiający spojrzenie na otaczającą rzeczywistość i sposoby jej interpretacji z pomijanej często w badaniach perspektywy młodego narratora.

EN

The purpose of this article is to show the applicability of narrative interview techniques with children. The subject under consideration are the methodological and ethical problems of the applied method and practical difficulties accompanying the acquisition of narratives from this group of respondents. In the text, I address selected issues concerning research on children and childhood, and then the issues that I have encountered in my research practice. Reflection on free narrative interview as a method of qualitative research used for study of childhood, I undertake with the example of 11 interviews with nine-year-olds on the subject of their first communion. Giving voice to children as narrators allowed me to observe not only the methodological values of the narrative interview technique, but also the ways in which children interpret the same important event. The application of this method to children leads to the conclusion that it is a valuable way of collecting data that allows us to look at the surrounding reality and ways of interpreting it from the perspective of a young narrator often overlooked in research.

12

Literární prameny o dětech a pro děti. Příspěvek ke komparaci historiografických pramenů a literatury středověku v českých zemích

23%

Dvořáčková-Malá D.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2016

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tom 19

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nr 1

35-85

EN

The study deals with a comparison of the literary and historiographic sources of the Middle Ages in the Czech lands in relation to the life of children and conception of childhood in the written monuments. It starts from the fact that childhood has not yet been assessed in entertaining literature. The text follows the conception of childhood on several levels; the predestination of children, the reflection of the divine child and the education and way of life of children. At the same time, it makes distinctions in the individual genres and gender breakdowns, and also in the assessment of a good and bad society. Using the example of new translations form the domestic German literature and its comparison with the Latin and Old-Czech sources from the Czech lands, it proves that the literary monuments comprise a component of the source historiographic matter. At the same time, it also follows the genesis of literature for children with that, namely a comparison of the earliest evidence on the future fairy tales for children.