Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Les flux de traduction entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée

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Touchi-Benmansour L.

Translationes

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2013

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tom 5

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nr 1

92-103

EN

The past few years have seen the emergence of a Euro-Mediterranean policy for intercultural exchange, amongst others, the translation of written literature. Flow analysis of Arabic-French translations between the two sides reinforces the idea, already known, of unequal exchange. For reasons of specialization, in this study we will limit ourselves to the translation of works from the humanities and social sciences, referring, however, to literary translations published in the past two decades, for comparison

2

A French corpus annotated for multiword expressions and named entities

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Candito M. , Constant M. , Ramisch C. , Savary A. , Guillaume B. , Parmentier Y. , Cordeiro S. R.

Journal of Language Modelling

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2020

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tom Vol. 8, No. 2

415--479

EN

We present the enrichment of a French treebank of various genres with a new annotation layer for multiword expressions (MWEs) and named entities (NEs).1 Our contribution with respect to previous work on NE and MWE annotation is the particular care taken to use formal criteria, organized into decision flowcharts, shedding some light on the interactions between NEs and MWEs. Moreover, in order to cope with the well-known difficulty to draw a clear-cut frontier between compositional expressions and MWEs, we chose to use sufficient criteria only. As a result, annotated MWEs satisfy a varying number of sufficient criteria, accounting for the scalar nature of the MWE status. In addition to the span of the elements, annotation includes the subcategory of NEs (e.g., person, location) and one matching sufficient criterion for non-verbal MWEs (e.g., lexical substitution). The 3,099 sentences of the treebank were double-annotated and adjudicated, and we paid attention to cross-type consistency and compatibility with the syntactic layer. Overall inter-annotator agreement on non-verbal MWEs and NEs reached 71.1%. The released corpus contains 3,112 annotated NEs and 3,440 MWEs, and is distributed under an open license.

3

On Typology of Polish and French Imperfective

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Karolak M.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

67-77

EN

The aim of this paper is to present a typology of Polish imperfective past tense forms in the factual use for the purpose of creating a set of guidelines for their translation into French language. Although descriptions of factual imperfective aspect is not new to linguistics, both Polish and international, equivalence of its forms in other languages pose problems to foreigners and native speakers alike. This is especially true in French, where Polish past imperfective forms could be expressed by a number of past tenses. In order to proceed with our task we are going to adopt a classification of Polish imperfective verbal forms based on the following criteria: general factual meaning or specific (concrete) factual meaning as a primary measure and imperfective or perfective intention of the imperfective form as a secondary measure. Such systematization of the phenomenon in Polish will allow us to formulate guidelines of equivalence with French past tenses.

4

Les choronymes français relatifs aux régions de Pologne (XVIIᵉ et XVIIIᵉ siècles)

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Jakubczyk M.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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tom 62

37 - 48

EN

This paper presents the French 17th- and 18th-century choronyms relating to regions of Poland, e.g.: Mazovie, Silésie, Warmie/Varmie, etc. The study is based on acollection of maps and bilingual, multilingual and geographical dictionaries of this era. The analysis of the development of foreign toponyms in French is based on onomastic and etymological criteria. The toponymic material is included in the form of ahistorical and etymological dictionary. It appears that the majority of French geographical names relating to Poland are calques (e.g. La Grande Pologne) or adaptations (e.g. Cujavie, Podlachie). In addition, two French contemporary names relating to the same region and borrowed from Polish (Spisz) and Slovak (Spiš) forms are discussed.

5

ZADANIA ZORIENTOWANE NA EKSPRESJĘ TEATRALNĄ JAKO NARZĘDZIE WSPIERAJĄCE ROZWÓJ KREATYWNOŚCI JĘZYKOWEJ STUDENTA FILOLOGII ROMAŃSKIEJ

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Blachowska-Szmigiel M.

Neofilolog

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2013

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nr 40/1

29-41

EN

The goal of this paper is to outline the possibilities of the use of drama techniques as a tool to support development of the linguistic creativity of students of French. The paper consists of three parts. In parts 1 and 2 the author presents the theoretical foundations of the teaching techniques proposed, and these are then presented in part 3.

6

Entre traditions historiques et logiques politiques de la guerre froide (1945–1989). Les langues étrangères en Pologne à travers les exemples du française et de l’allemand

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Weber P.-F.

Annales Neophilologiarum

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2011

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nr 5

135-148

EN

Today’s situation of foreign languages in Poland, especially French and German, cannot be explained satisfactorily without an analysis of its genesis in times of the Cold War. Due to various international and internal factors, the People’s Republic of Poland applied a language policy that caused a clash between historical traditions in Polish-French respectively Polish-German relations and geopolitical imperatives as well as sometimes the culture policies of France and the German states (FRG, GDR). A decisive factor was also the instrumentalization of patriotism by the Polish United Workers’ Party in support of communism, which favoured nationalist attitudes towards foreign countries and a closure of Poland. Only the end of the regime gave the opportunity for a liberalization of language teaching and learning.

PL

Dzisiejszej sytuacji języków obcych, zwłaszcza francuskiego oraz niemieckiego, w Polsce nie da się wyjaśnić w sposób wyczerpujący bez analizy jej genezy w okresie zimnej wojny. Z powodu różnych czynników zarówno międzynarodowych, jak i wewnętrznych Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa zastosowała politykę językową, w której tradycje historyczne w stosunkach polsko-francuskich oraz polsko-niemieckich kolidowały często z uwarunkowaniami geopolitycznymi, a czasem nawet z polityką kulturalną Francji oraz państw niemieckich (RFN, NRD). Decydującym czynnikiem stała się również instrumentalizacja patriotyzmu przez PZPR na rzecz komunizmu, która spowodowała nacjonalistyczne podejście do zagranicy i zamykanie się kraju. Dopiero zmiana ustrojowa w roku 1989 umożliwiła liberalizację nauki języków.

7

ON WRITERS AS TRANSLATORS /SUR LES ECRIVAINS-TRADUCTEURS, DANIELA HAISAN, CASA CARTII DE ŞTIINTA, CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2016, 280 P.

88%

ROSTOŞ I.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2016

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tom 8

146-155

8

The Origin of Aroint and Other -oint-Words in English

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Diensberg B.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2015

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nr 24/2

41-47

EN

Regarding the word form AROI NT, I am going to propose an etymological base for it in the group of French loanwords of the structure OI N + consonant. As far as verbal loans are concerned, the root -oint can either stand for the 3rd pers. sing. pres. ind. or for the past participle of Old French verbs of the type poindre ‘to pierce, prick; to sting, bite’ (AND: poindre), uindre, oindre ‘to anoint; to rub, smear’ (AND1: oindre). Apart from a short Bibliography, the Appendix contains a selection of illustrative material.

9

Interdyscyplinarność w przekładzie tekstu naukowego. Francuski i włoski język akademicki w tłumaczeniu na język polski

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Berek E. , Marcol-Cacoń L. M.

Acta Neophilologica

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2020

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tom XXII/2

173-186

EN

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the differences appearing in French and Italian scientific texts and their translations into Polish. The specificity of the scientific text causes enormous difficulties faced by novice translators. On the one hand, one must faithfully reflect the merits of work, and, on the other hand, take care of the appropriate style of the target text. As Stanisław Gajda [1982] states, each discipline produces a completely separate language termed “scientific sublanguage”, and the basic difficulty in the case of translation by people not familiar with the scientific language seems to be the recreation of the specific nature of the scientific language of the source text in the target text. The multidimensionality and interdisciplinary nature of scientific translation should also be considered because only on the basis of interdisciplinary knowledge can the translator choose the appropriate translation strategy.

10

Uwarunkowania wyboru nauki języka francuskiego przez polskich licealistów

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Kucharczyk R. , Szymankiewicz K.

Acta Neophilologica

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2020

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tom XXII/1

73-90

EN

The aim of this article is to present the results of a sociological study diagnos-ing the reasons and circumstances for the choice of French as a second foreign language by Polish youth in secondary schools. In our study, we focused on two groups of factors. The first of these concerns systemic solutions that affect the position and perception of French as a second foreign language taught in secondary schools as a consequence of the organization of foreign language teaching in Polish schools. The second group of factors is related to students themselves and, more specifically, to social representations they have about French and its learning, language biography and experiences stemming from contacts with French beoynd school. Our goal was to determine if and how these factors have the power to influence the motivation to study French in secondary schools. The study was a survey and included a sample of over 500 secondary school students from Warsaw and nearly 400 secondary school students from the Świętokrzyskie Province.

11

Perspective and aspect in narrative generation

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Lessard G. , Levison M.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2005

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tom Vol. 15, no. 4

595-602

EN

The generation of narrative texts poses particular difficulties with respect to the interplay of description and narration, the recounting and interpretation of events from different perspectives, and the interweaving of dialogue and narration. Starting from previous work within the VINCI natural language generation environment, we show how a model of perspective and aspect proposed in the 1960's by the linguist Andre Burger allows for a significant enrichment of generated narratives in these three respects.

12

Problem przekładalności polskich i francuskich terminów językoznawczych w badaniach porównawczych nad feminizacją języka i nazwami żeńskimi – na przykładzie badań nazw żeńskich notowanych przez polskie i francuskie słowniki ogólne

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Krysiak P.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2021

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nr 13

181-190

EN

The article presents the diversity and scope difference of Polish and French linguistic terms appearing in works devoted to the language feminization. The author quotes the terms most often used in Polish and French literature on the subject, discusses their scope and tradition of use. Different ways of understanding the concept of feminization are analyzed. The aim of the article is an attempt to organize the terminological chaos faced by researchers who want to conduct contrastive research on multilingual material. The problem encountered in comparative research involves establishing a common scope to which the terms refer and interpreting the differences. The question arises whether Polish and French researchers, when using freely the terms nazwy żeńskie/les formes féminines/féminisation, really mean the same thing. The author tries to answer the question of how to compare Polish and French exponents of femininity, especially for the purposes of quantitative lexicographic research, and whether Polish male lexemes with immobilized inflection should be considered female names in comparative research, analogically to French epicene nouns? Perhaps due to the lack of semantic symmetry between the terms, one study should develop different criteria for the analysis of Polish and French lexical material.

13

Iconische, taalkundige en pragmatische volgordes in het Nederlands. Met speciale aandacht voor het Frans

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Pekelder J.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2018

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tom 28

33-45

EN

This contribution is methodological in nature. We aim to address the question of the nature of the parameters underlying word order in Dutch with particular reference to French. We assume that there are basically three parameters to consider: an iconic parameter, a linguistic parameter and a pragmatic parameter. The iconic parameter concerns the projection of general human habits on the word order. The linguistic parameter is related to the word orders which mark language-specific but situation-free syntactic or semantic relations between word groups. Finally, the pragmatic parameter addresses the link between the communicative situation and the language-dependent word order phenomena.

14

Eine Typologie der IAW-Phrasen in Ergänzungsfragen

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Schoonjans S.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2023

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nr 23

151-164

EN

The notion ‘IAW phrases’ refers to fixed expressions such as in aller Welt ‘in all world’, um Gottes willen ‘for God’s sake’, and zum Teufel ‘the devil’ that are used in wh-questions as a kind of illocutionary intensification. This contribution presents an attempt to come up with a typology of IAW phrases in wh-questions in German. This typology consists of ten groups of IAW phrases (partly with subgroups) that are defined primarily on the basis of formal patterns. The patterns under discussion are [zu X] (with the variant [X]), [bei X], [beim Barte Xs], [in Xs Namen], [um Xs willen], and a group of patterns such as [in all- X], that refer to the world as a whole. The four remaining groups are not based on such a structural pattern; these are swearing words used as IAW phrases, IAW loans, blends, and a small rest group. In a second step, it is shown by means of spot checks that this typology can also serve as a star- ting point for the description of IAW phrases in German imperative sentences and in other languages.

15

La construction absolue attributive française comme une catégorie radiale

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Lipská K.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2020

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tom 30

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nr 2

138-155

EN

The aim of the article is to propose an analysis of French attributive absolute constructions in the paradigm of cognitive linguistics, and to show the advantage of their description as a linguistic category with a particular prototype. Based on the analysis of 2,635 occurrences of these constructions in the French corpus Frantext, the study tries to identify the factors determining the prototypical attributive absolute construction and to sketch the aspects in which the less typical structures differ from it. The main factor seems to be the presence of the inalienable possession relation between the absolute construction and the head NP and the semantics of the head NP. Other factors are the type of the determiner in the absolute construction, its (potential) adverbial function, the modification of the predicate and the syntactic function of the head NP.

FR

L’article vise à proposer une analyse des constructions absolues attributives françaises dans le cadre de la linguistique cognitive et de démontrer l’avantage de leur description comme une catégorie linguistique particulière, centrée autour d’un prototype. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse de 2 635 occurrences de ces constructions dans le corpus du français Frantext, l’étude essaie d’identifier les facteurs déterminant les cas prototypiques des constructions absolues attributives et d’esquisser des aspects par lesquels les structures moins typiques s’en éloignent. Le facteur principal identifié est la présence de la relation de possession inaliénable entre la construction absolue et le GN incident et le sémantisme du GN incident ; d’autres encore étant la nature du déterminant dans la construction absolue, la fonction circonstancielle de la construction absolue, la modification du prédicat et la fonction syntaxique du GN incident.

16

Mechanismen und Tendenzen der kreativen Anpassung von IAW-Strukturen im Deutschen und im Französischen

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Schoonjans S.

Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

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2021

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tom 10

119-148

EN

German has a particularly large inventory of IAW structures, i.e. expressions such as zum Teufel ‘the devil’ and zur Hölle ‘the hell’ that are used as intensifiers in wh-questions. This is due to the fact that German maximally exploits the creative adaptation potential of IAW structures. French, on the other hand, has fewer IAW structures. However, as is shown in this paper, French has the same basic patterns according to which IAW structures are built and makes use of the same basic mechanisms for IAW modification that we also find in German, substitution and expansion. It thus seems that German simply makes more use of this adaptation potential that is also present in French. Still we also find some tendencies and restrictions in German, which also play a role in French. Two of them are discussed in more detail in this paper, viz. the preference for negatively connotated words and the role of the context and the community in which the IAW structures are used.

17

Procédés nominatifs dans le jargon de la pêche français et polonais

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K. Kaliska A.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2021

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nr 13

171-180

EN

The purpose of this article is to describe the word creation processes used in fishing jargon, French and Polish, studied from texts available online. Our research will focus on the analysis of the name formation processes of fishing techniques and tools. We adopt the typology of lexicogenic matrices which was proposed by J-F. Sablayrolles (2020). The great advantage of the Sablayrolles typology is that it makes it possible to organize various lexical creation processes while emphasizing that these have mixed characteristics (i.e. morpho-semantic, syntaxico-semantic, morphological, pragmatic-semantic, including borrowed words). Our perspective is general in the sense that we will find in our corpus all kinds of units: single and compound words, truncated words and acronyms, with different expressiveness and intensity of use. This study shows that the fishing jargon is not just a technolecte; its terminology plays an important role in the understanding of contexts and specialized texts, of course, but it allows people who use it to keep interpersonal relationships within the community.

18

Représentations affectives dans le répertoire langagier de lycéens bilingues polono-français

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Sansault D.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2014

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nr 17

227-237

EN

Affective representations in the linguistic repertoire of Polish-French bilingual high school students

19

The pronunciation of voiced obstruents in L2 French: A preliminary study of Swiss German learners

88%

Schmid S.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2012

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tom 48

627-659

EN

The present study examines how Swiss German learners cope with the contrast between voiced and unvoiced obstruents in L2 French. The feature [±voice]) is not exploited in Swiss German dialects, where pairs of obstruents sharing the same place and manner of articulation are basically differentiated in terms of longer or shorter duration (i.e., the feature [±tense]). Therefore, we expect that Swiss German learners of French would assimilate the non-native feature [±voice] to the native [±tense] contrast, due to the great similarity and the functional equivalence of the two features; devoicing is predicted to occur more often in universally preferred positions such as the prepausal context. The corpus consists of 20 sentences (containing 6 voiced obstruents in 6 different phonotactic contexts), which were read by 10 high school students. An acoustic analysis permitted to categorize the 340 tokens into three discrete types: fully voiced, fully unvoiced, partially voiced. Chi-square tests yielded significant effects of the factors "context", "segment" and "speaker" on the variable "voicing". In particular, speakers pronounced 58% of the intervocalic obstruents as fully voiced, whereas they devoiced 85% of the prepausal tokens (thus, revealing both L1-based and universally preferred patterns).

20

Grammatical underpinnings of lexicalization patterns in Croatian, English and French: The case of [N PP] constructions

88%

Katunar D. , Raffaelli I.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2018

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tom 4

79-91

EN

This paper deals with the noun-preposition [N PP] construction in Croatian and compares the construction to its counterparts in English and French. Noun – preposition relations are analyzed as grammatical relations which participate in the formation of the lexicon, i.e. as grammatical devices which are productively used as lexicalization patterns. Based on the corpus analysis, [N PP] constructions in Croatian are identified and contrasted to English and French data. Lexical status of multi-word units in Croatian is discussed, as well as the level of idiomaticity of these constructions as compared to English and French. Whereas French and Croatian employ a similar lexicalization pattern, English uses compounding. The lexicon – grammar continuum is thus observed from the perspective of syntactic structures participating in word-formation.