Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

LES ARMES D’APPARAT ET LES PIÈCES D’EQUIPEMENT EQUESTRE DU PRESTIGE DANS LA RÉGION DU DNIEPR MOYEN ET SUPÉRIEUR A L’ÉPOQUE POST-HUNNIQUE

100%

Kazanski M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2020

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tom 68

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nr 1

83 – 94

EN

Archaeological findings of prestigious nature of the post-Hunnic era (second half of the 5th–middle of the 6th c.) and items that testify to the spread of the ‘military’ material culture in the Upper and Middle Dnieper basin, on the territory of the Slavic cultures of Kolochin and Penkovka are considered. These findings enable to determine the geography of possible centres of power. One of them was on the left bank of the Dnieper, somewhere between the Upper Psel and the Desna, and the second on the right bank of the Dnieper, in the Ros-Tiasmina area. Findings of prestigious weapons (helmets of the Baldenheim type, an early Byzantine sword and a ‘prestigious’ horse bridle) and characteristic elements of a belt set indicate the formation of a military elite. Data from written byzantine sources of 530–570 confirm the existence of military leaders and professional soldiers in the Slavic society.

2

CHRISTIAN CONTENTS 'EASY AND UNDERSTANDABLE' FOR SLAVS IN THE FIRST YEARS AFTER CONVERSION

100%

Samsonowicz H.

Roczniki Historyczne

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2007

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tom 73

7-15

EN

Analyzing the Christian contents accepted in the earliest period of the conversion of Slav tribes, the author makes an attempt at uncovering some old pagan beliefs, especially those on the division of time, 'sacred' spaces, the afterlife, or good and evil spirits influencing man's life.

3

THE CIVILISATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE BULGARIANS:TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY DILEMMAS (Cywilizacyjna tozsamosc Bulgarów: tradycyjne i wspólczesne dylematy)

100%

Valentin M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2010

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nr 36

77-92

EN

The article deals with the civilisational identity of the Bulgarian people, and the place of the Bulgarians on the civilisation map of Europe. The main problem here is the nature of their civilisational identity: they do not have precise geographical coordinates but they are the result of subjective human perception. In addition, the issue of civilisational identity is a matter of political propaganda. From their historical traditions, the Bulgarians inherited several macro cultural elements, (proto)Bulgarian, Slavonic, Orthodox, Balkanic and European. Considered separately, each of them can form the base required to construct a framework of contemporary Bulgarian identity and its cultural relationship with other nations in Europe. Some of these elements form strong spiritual foci around which are formed their own cultural and civilisational circles. On this basis, the Bulgarian nation enters into various spatial and cultural-historical configurations. Among them, there is a hierarchy, which in today's open society primarily depends on the value and selfdetermination of each person. On the other hand, the interwoven cultural elements on the Bulgarian territory enable some researchers to talk about transitional identity structures - Bulgarian-Slavic, Slavic-Orthodox, Balkan-Slavic, Balkan-European and others. The author also investigates the geopolitical concept of the 'civilisational choice', which is supposed to determine the place of Bulgaria and the Bulgarians in Europe and in the world: is it in the West Euro-Atlantic sphere or in Eurasia?

4

BYZANCIA, SLOVANIA A AVARSKÝ KAGANÁT V OBDOBI VLÁDY CISÁRA FOKU (602 – 610)

100%

Hurbanič M.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 1

3-13

EN

The paper is devoted to the controversial reign of the Byzantine Emperor Phocas (602-610), especially from the point of view of his foreign policy towards the Slavs and Avars. The author evaluates the contemporary and later sources and the latest archaeological evidence. Both types of evidence refute the frequently repeated view that the Byzantine defensive system on the Danube collapsed in the reign of this Emperor.

5

Słowiańskie "święte" góry na ziemiach polskich we wczesnym średniowieczu - próba zarysowania problematyki

100%

Kuczkowski A.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2007

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tom 48

97-124

EN

The article deals with the question of early medieval holy mountains identified in the course of archaeological studies in the Polish lands. On the basis of delimitation of the space considered as sacral, four types of such mountains have been determined, and within one of the types additionally two sub-types. The fifth type of mountainous sanctuaries has been isolated on the basis of a functional criterion, on the basis of the significance of non-archaeological sources. Original article printed with German abstract.

6

KONSTANTYN FILOZOF, CZYLI KTO?

100%

Wesoły M. A.

Konštantínove listy

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2020

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tom 13

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nr 2

22 - 34

EN

This outstanding historical figure who died 1151 years ago on February 14, 869, has become known in history under a different name, often known without the eloquent epithet of ‘philosopher’, but with the added religious dignity of St. Cyril. He is usually compared to his elder brother St. Methodius, and they are nowadays commonly referred to as the Apostles to the Slavs, although today hardly anyone knows that their original names were Konstantinos and Michael. There is extensive literature on the importance of these Thessalonian brothers for the creation of the Slavic alphabet (Glagolitic) and the translation from Greek of the liturgical offices. The literature includes mainly religious, philological and historical perspectives, but there are only few philosophical and historiosophical considerations. In respect of the mentioned anniversary of Constantine – St. Cyril, we will reflect on his philosophical education, views and discussions with various interlocutors.

7

O pierwotnych siedzibach Słowian w świetle nowszych badań archeologicznych, lingwistycznych i historycznych

100%

Nalepa J.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2007

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tom 48

11-96

EN

The article is a polemic against the opinions of Kazimierz Godlowski and Michał Parczewski, who argue that the primeval homeland of the Slavs was located in the upper and the northern part of the middle river basin of the Dnieper. The author points to the inconsistencies and contradictions in archaeological argumentation and also serious heuristic and methodological deficiencies concerning the use of source data of history and linguistics. On the basis of the information from these disciplines - used in a more extensive, more critical and methodologically correct manner - especially this connected with linguistic proto-kinship, in particular the lexical one, and taking into account the characteristic archaic hydronymic and toponymic areas, additionally, increasing the corpus and critically analysing a cognitive value of the written sources, the author formulates a theory that the proto-settlements of the Slavs may not have been located along the Dnieper, where the Balts had their permanent settlements, but mainly in the river basins of the Vistula, the Oder and partly the Elbe, that is in the lands between the southern Baltic and the Carpathians, Sudeten and the Rudavy. Original article printed with German abstract.

8

SLAV ETHNOGENESIS: FROM MYTHS TO FACTS (Etnogeneza Slowian: od mitów ku faktom)

88%

Piontek J.

Archeologia Polski

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2009

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tom 54

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nr 1

121-147

EN

The text addresses a critical analysis of J. Piontek's and R. Dabrowski's anthropological research on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs published by M. Dulinicz. The discussion would have been more interesting had Dulinicz confronted the determinations of physical anthropology with those of archaeology, Dulinicz's text is almost entirely devoted to a reinterpretation of results presented in the said anthropological studies, the author assuming that his 'own idea' of methods of investigating human biological variability will demonstrate the flaws of the presented approaches and support a 'proper' interpretation of the results of anthropological research. He failed to achieve this objective. Dulinicz acquainted himself with a number of works by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski, developing in effect the conviction that he has understood in full the determinations of anthropologists in the field of interest to him. It is a wonder why certain archaeologists do not reach for studies referring to Slav ethnogenesis prepared within the framework of different natural science research programs. In Piontek and Dabrowski considerations, they concluded that no anthropological research to date has confirmed the theories of archaeologists about a discontinuity in the settlement of regions in the basins of the Oder and Vistula. This conclusion has not changed with the accretion of new source data. In fact, new analyses have increasingly supported the earlier findings. The anthropological research discussed by Dulinicz in his polemic concerned paleodemographic and morphological issues.In reference to these paleodemographic studies, Dulinicz rejected the arguments presented in J. Piontek's works as irrelevant, stating that they do not refute in any way whatsoever the theory about Slav origins popularized in Poland by a group of archaeologists. The backbone of the theory referred to nowadays as the 'allochthonous idea', has never been proved satisfactorily. Every hypothesis is grounded in a core statement, in this case a theory of demographic transformation. In the case of the allochthonous theory, the core statement admits the possibility of a sudden population growth among the Slavs. Unfortunately, no convincing data on the biological possibility of 'violent expansion' of the Slav population has appeared to date. With regard to morphological research, Dulinicz criticized solely the results of biological distance studies, subjecting the matrices of these distances to a new interpretation. Meanwhile, in the works in question, methods evaluating biological distance (Mahalanobis D2 distance and the Euclidean square distance) were applied in combination with multidimensional scaling of the matrices of biological distance and the principal component analysis (PCA), which seem to have escaped Dulinicz's attention entirely. Concluding, the author of the polemic used in his deliberations only a small part of the results presented by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski.

9

PROBLEMATIKA VČASNÉHO STREDOVEKU NA SLOVENSKU

88%

Zábojník J.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2010

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tom 58

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nr 2

213-231

EN

The period from the sixth to the beginning of the eleventh century is called the Early Middle Ages. The paper evaluates the development of views on this period. There have been several stages in the development of views on the problem of the Early Middle Ages. The first extended from the beginning of the 19th century until after the origin of the first Czechoslovak Republic. The second stage lasted from the 1920s to the 1940s. Another stage began in February 1948 and ended in November 1989. The latter date was followed by the present stage. The study presents a conception of the division of the older phase of the Early Middle Ages. It is defined by the beginning of the sixth and the end of the eighth centuries. It is divided into the Early Slavonic period from the beginning of the sixth to about the middle of the seventh century, and the period of the Avar Kaganate in the southern marginal zones of Slovakia, from about 650 to 800 AD. In the rest of the territory of Slovakia, development continued from the settlement by the Slavs to the time of the origin of the first supra-tribal units around the year 800. The study also presents views on the barrow method of burial and the change of funeral rite from cremation to inhumation. The authors suppose that our territory was not settled by one, unnamed Slavonic group. The Slavs in the territory of Slovakia were not as important and dangerous as the Slavonic tribes settled in the immediate vicinity of important power-political units, which recognized them as hostile groups and so named them.

10

FROM THE ISSUES OF OLD SLAVONIC AND CHURCH SLAVONIC LANGUAGE (Z problematiky staroslovienskeho a cirkevnoslovanskeho jazyka)

88%

Dudasova-Krissakova J.

Slavica Slovaca

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2010

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tom 45

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nr 1

58-71

EN

Studying of Old Slavonic, Church Slavonic, their genesis, Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic marks, Old Slavonic writing, is the entrance to Slavic but also to studying of individual Slavic languages. Even though we are separated from creation of Slavistic as a science discipline by almost two hundred and fifty years, the scientists keep their attention turning back to those basic Slavistic themes because then we can better understand principles of synchronically and diachronically development of present Slavic languages. Also in new united Europe is Old Slavonic, as first standard Slavic language from the 9th century, mark of cultural commonality of Slavs and it is evidence of the fact that Slavic nations had participated largely on cultural development of European nations from dawn of their history.

11

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ КИРИЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ЦЕРКОВНОГО ПРАВА У СЛАВЯН В РАННЕЕ НОВОЕ ВРЕМЯ

88%

Beljakova E. V.

Slavica Slovaca

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2020

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tom 55

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nr 1

37 - 45

EN

The most important canon law texts were translated into Slavic in two stages: in the initial period of the spread of Christianity and in the heyday of independent Slavic states. In Early modern period, the complete codes of canons (Kormchie) were being copied mainly on the territory of the Moscow and Kiev metropolitanates while in the Balkans and Central Europe the Alphabetical Syntagma of Matthew Blastares and the so called Pseudozonar-miscellany were most widespread. The reason for dissemination of the Pseudozonar is the need for self-organization of church communities. This miscellany was open both for replenishment with new texts, including those coming from the Catholic tradition, as well as for local vernacular influences.

12

CELTS – THE GERMANS – THE SLAVS. ON THE TOPIC OF ETHNICITY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES OF PROTOHISTORICAL TRIBES

88%

Šalkovský P.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr suppl 2

479 - 485

EN

The article deals with the capabilities of archaeology and its cooperative scientific disciplines in the study of expressions of protohistorical collective identities’ ethnicity which are rather limited. Nowadays, we have considerable problems with ethnicity of a large group of tribes, the main bearers of the LaTène culture, although considerably numerous historical, linguistic, epigraphic, palaeographic, iconographic and other sources are also available here. Despite this fact, we know that the Celtic tribes were aware of their related identity. Although not all LaTène culture bearers were necessarily Celts, most of them were; at the same time, not all Celtic tribes maintained this culture after being included into the Antique world. We know that also tribes called Germanic were aware of their related identity. It is documented by the facts that they all spoke mutually understandable languages originating from Proto-German and shared very close mythology. Material culture of individual Germanic tribes is rather significant and, in many cases, typical of a tribe; however, in contact with the Roman Empire and the Huns, mainly their elites gave up their tribal and ethnic identity. A large group of tribes was called Sclavini, Anti, Veneti by antique authors of the 6th c. and documented under their own names – Slovene, slovenski narod, slovensko plemja since the 9th c., although they simultaneously used numerous tribal or regional names. Archaeologically, these oldest Slavs are represented by three related cultures – Prague, Penkovka and Koločin, which are interpreted as historically known Sclaveni, Antes and Veneti, from which individual branches of the Slavs developed.

13

Ludnośc słowiańska w zachodniej Starej Marchii

88%

Stephan J.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2005

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tom 46

93-114

EN

The author has examined colonization processes in the height of the Middle Ages, when Germans and Slavs lived as neighbours and co-operated in various ways, in the Old March, which bordered on Wendland, and exactly in the village district of Salzwedel lying on the outskirts of the historic Old Brandenburg March. The Slavic population in the territories east of Salzwedel, settled by the Slavs long before, was, during the colonization conducted by the Ascanians integrated with the German population and relatively quickly Germanized. The moraine areas west of Salzwedel were colonized as late as the beginning of the 12th century by the Slavs brought there by great landowners. A rather archaic system of tributes and taxes was observed there and there is evidence corroborating semi-free status of the Slavic population. It was a condition for their longer survival in the area. Only after the great plague and depopulation in the 14th century, the country folk received equal legal rights. There is no information about the Slavs or the Slavic law in the 15th century. However, in the 14th century, in the town of Salzwedel, there is a marked reluctance to accept the influx of the Slavic population. What is interesting, not a language or customs were considered as criteria, but the origin traced as far back as the second generation! In this way, Slavic origin became a category burdened with almost racist connotations. (Original paper published with the German summary)

14

VEČA. PRÍSPEVOK K DEJINÁM SLOVANSKÉHO PRÁVA

75%

Mesiarkin A.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 2

333 – 360

EN

The veche has its regular place in the scientific and textbook literature. It is described as a popular assembly, which as a legal authority has traditionally wide competences in society. The origins of this type of gathering are often sought in the oldest past of the Slavs and therefore it is believed that veche accompanied the legal evolution of almost all the Slavic nations or societies. Various gatherings in medieval sources, mentioned in Latin as colloquium, placitum or under other terms were covered in literature by this Slavic term known from the Primary chronicle and therefore also with its imagined competences. This model of the process of the gathering, as was pointed out by Jacek Banaszkiewicz or Karol Modzelewski, is based on the notes of Tacitus, Thietmar and Helmold, compared with those from Novgorod and Pskov. The paper explores the powers and duties of the veche, compares the different phenomena that are brought together under this term in literature from various places in Europe and from various stages of history. The main goal of the text is to analyse whether or not the veche was a legal institution as is traditionally believed and most of all whether it was typical for communities named in medieval sources as Slavs.

15

GERARD LABUDA (1916-2010) (Gerard Labuda (1916-2010))

75%

Strzelczyk J.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2011

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nr 1(338)

3-19

EN

The article is devoted to Prof. Gerard Labuda, an outstanding historian, who passed away in October 2010. He was an excellent expert on the history of the Slavs and Poland, as well as on Polish-German relations, a scholar who combined the enormous knowledge of a medievalist with interest in the present. The author refers to the impressive bibliography of Prof. Labuda's works published within the span of seventy years of his scientific activity, and distinguishes the following thematic blocks: studies on Slav antiquities and early medieval history of Western Slavdom, the origins and early history of the Polish state and the Church in Poland, Polish-German relations and the history of Germany, problems of European medieval history, and also the history of his native Kashubia. The author brings out the thread of reflection on methodology, historiography, study of source texts and general issues of the history of culture that runs through Prof. Labuda's publications. Attention is also drawn to Prof. Labuda's dedication to such areas of activity as teaching, editorship and organization and propagation of science.

16

PRÍSPEVOK K INTERPRETÁCII POSTÁV A TEXTOV NA PLAKETÁCH Z BOJNEJ

75%

Gradoš J.

Slavica Slovaca

|

2015

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

132 - 139

EN

Alexander Ruttkay and Karol Pieta interpreted the graphemes on plaques as the Latin letters, which was confirmed also by Ľubomír Kralčák, contrary to Paul Žiga. They could deduce neither the importance of image nor text, since they did not watch the symbolic expression of the imaged situation. Just the connection between graphemes and figures leads to the interpretation of figures and text on a plaques from Bojná: Christ – plaques No. 1 and 4, Blessed Virgin – plaque No. 3, the Apostle Thomas – plaque No. 2, Seraphim – plaque No. 5 and cherub – plaque No. 6. The images correspond to the shape of the plagues, image of wings and lips, as well as the importance of plaque, which is highlighted in the Latin graphemes representing the text with a clear missionary message destined for Slavs of Great Moravia. The events just before and after the most important moments for humanity are imaged on a set of plaques, in terms of the life of Jesus Christ and his message. Pilate condemns Jesus to death and reanimated Christ shows himself to all eleven apostles. This also includes the graphemes: (E)VAVM – „Est ex eritate, Audit Vocem Meam“ (Jn 18, 37) and NDE – „Noster Dominus (or Deum) Est“. The plaques from Bojná are the authentic testimony of Christianisation of the Moravian Slavs before the arrival of the Byzantine mission led by Constantine-Cyril and Methodius. We admit that even our view of the content and hidden text of plaques may not be definite, but they cannot be even correctly deduced without the theological understanding. Just theological interpretation can stand closest to interpretation of imaged figural motifs and Latin graphemes on the plaques with full respect for knowledge summarized by archaeologists K. Pieta and A. Ruttkay. At the same time thus the arguments of Ľ. Kralčák about use of Latin graphemes as a basis for the biblical text are confirmed.

17

PRÍSPEVOK K TOPONYMII ZÁHORIA Z HĽADISKA ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO A HISTORICKO-LINGVISTICKÉHO

75%

Bača R.

Študijné zvesti

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2013

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nr 53

159 - 181

EN

The study deals with toponymy of the most western part of Slovakia (Záhorie), which represent (create) the border with Czech Republic. The names of the villages and their terrain parts show that the region was situated in a marshy environment. The living conditions in this area were preferred by the Slavs rather than the Hungarians. The main orientation thoroughfares were the rivers: Danube, Morava, Myjava and their tributary streams. The archaeological researches and surveys have testified the plentiful Slav settlements from the beginning of the 6th century AD. Most of the village and terrain names inform us of the Christian and Pagan cults of our ancestors.

18

ETNONYMY SKLÁVOI, SCLAVI, SLOVIENI, SLOVÁCI, SLOVANIA

75%

Uličný F.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

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2012

|

tom 60

|

nr 2

301 – 330

EN

The author has researched from the historical point of view the origin, development and especially the relationships between the ethnonyms: Greek Sklávoi, Latin Sclavi, Slavonic Slovieni and Slovak Slováci and Slovania (Slavs). As a source base, he used the occurrences of these and a larger number of related ethnonyms, namely: Anti, Czechs, Croats, Korutánci, Moravians, Obodriti, Predenecenti, Poles, Russians, Sakaliba, Serbs, Veleti, Vinedi, in written sources from the 6th to the mid-19th century. The findings correct or overturn the existing views of numerous Slovak and other linguists and historians. The main finding of the author can be briefly expressed by the historical and linguistic relationship: Sklávoi → Slovieni → Sloveni → Slovaks, Slavs.

19

HURBANOVA KONCEPCE ČESKO-SLOVENSKÉ VZÁJEMNOSTI NA PŘÍKLADU OBROZENSKÉHO CESTOPISU

75%

Pátková J.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

|

2018

|

tom 65

|

nr 3

165 - 182

EN

The study focuses on the conception of Czech-Slovak mutuality in one of the key travel texts of the 19th century, in the Hurban‘s Cesta Slováka ku bratrům slavenským na Moravě a v Čechách (Path of the Slovak to the Slavic brothers in Moravia and Bohemia) in 1839 (1841). As a type of so-called National Revival travelogue, it carries a number of stereotypical constructions, which are used in other texts of travelogue genre of the 19th century in the Czech and Slovak literature. The National Revival type of travelogue had a precise function, relying on modelling the positive representation of Slavic mutuality or Czech-Slovak mutuality in the thirties and 40-ties of the 19th century. Hurban's travelogue reflects this developmental position in the form of an emblematic capture of the landscape, with emphasis on meta-linguistic reflections on common language and modelling of stereotypical constructions in imaging close and different ethnicities. The study analyses the text in relation to both Czech and Slovak pretexts, which together form a specific paradigm system of national emblems and symbols.

20

VČASNOSLOVANSKÝ SÍDLISKOVÝ OBJEKT ZO ŽDANE

75%

Béreš J.

Študijné zvesti

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2013

|

nr 53

23 - 37

EN

Excavation works to place gas pipelines were performed between the village Ždaňa and Skároš. During the works in the position of Vyšné pole object 1 was disrupted – an earth-house from which southern part of a potentially oval shape and a disrupted heating equipment were revealed. A shard material, fragments of grindstone, daub and animal bones were obtained from the filling. The ceramics from Ždaňa has features which rank it to the Prague type. The production technology of modelling containers was in essence identical with the findings in other sites featuring the occurrence of the Prague type ceramics of an archaic form and falling, like in Ždaňa, to the second third of the 6th century. In a more detailed treatise on the earliest Slavonic settlement in eastern Slovakia as a part of the upper Tisza River basin we have pointed to the necessity of resolving certain substantial problems (genesis, theory of the autochthonous origin, time and direction of the arrival of Slavs in the northern part of the Carpathian Valley), or partial questions of economic and spiritual life of the newly-arrived Slavonic population. The exploration of early Slavonic objects and finds, so far only in the Košická kotlina (Ždaňa, Nižná Myšľa), has shown that also eastern Slovakia took part in the processes of Slavs´ settling down in the northern part of the Carpathian Valley after the year 470, though still before the arrival of the Avars.