Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Characteristics of Physical Loads of Young Footballers During a Championship Match

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Andrzejewski M. , Pluta B. , Posiadała D.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2009

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tom 21

83-88

EN

The aim of the work was to characterize physical loads present during a champion match among young footballers. The research was conducted on a group of 10 football players at the age of 13.5 ± 0.4, with training experience of 4 years. The average body height of the players was 162.32 ± 7.73 cm and the average body mass was 51.12 ± 7.72 kg. In effort to analyze the selected motor performances of the players during the match, a kinematic method by Erdmann (2000) was applied. The analysis of motor activeness was conducted during the first and the second half of the game. The results are shown as arithmetic means and standard deviation. To compare the values, Student's t-test for the linked samples was applied. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05. The results of the study show that the total distance covered by the young football players averaged 4,252 metres. The longest, statistically relevant mean distance (p ≤ 0.05) was covered by the midfielders (4, 486 m). The analysis of the mean distance covered by the players with an established speed below the anaerobic threshold was 3,596 ± 207 metres, which makes up 84.57% of the total distance covered during the game. A thorough analysis of the number of sprints revealed that a player performs 18 of them on average throughout the game. The highest maximum running speed (7.0 m/s) was achieved by the midfielders. The defenders proved to be slowest (6.5 m/s), while the forwards had the second fastest average maximum running speed (6.8 m/s).

2

Effect of Added Weights on the Characteristics of Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walk-to-Run Gait Transition

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Nimbarte A. , Li L.

Human Movement

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 1

81-87

EN

Purpose. In this study, the effect of added weights on the various force and time related characteristics of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the last five steps prior to walk-to-run transition was studied. Basic procedures. Experimental set up consisted of a force platform embedded treadmill. Sixteen college students performed experimental trials by carrying 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of their body weight. During each trial, after walking for about 30 seconds the speed of the treadmill was increased manually at a rate of 0.089 m/s/s (0.2 miles/hour) until the participant started running. Main findings. A significant interaction (weights × steps) was observed for the first peak of VGRF. The trough, second peak, impulse, and rate of force development of VGRF increased with added weights. During the last five walking steps, most of VGRF parameters changed in a nonlinear fashion. Conclusions. Based on the behavior of VGRF parameters and manually recorded preferred transition speed values, we argue that the added weights would reduce the walk-to-run transition speed. We further speculate that a combination of transition determinants actively participate in the reorganization process during the last five walking steps, prompting the gait transition.

3

Somatotype is More Interactive with Strength than Fat Mass and Physical Activity in Peripubertal Children

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Marta C. , Marinho D. , Costa A. , Barbosa T. , Marques M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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tom 29A

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nr Special Issue

83-91

EN

The purpose of this study was to analyse the interaction between somatotype, body fat and physical activity in prepubescent children. This was a cross-sectional study design involving 312 children (160 girls, 152 boys) aged between 10 and 11.5 years old (10.8 ± 0.4 years old). Evaluation of body composition was done determining body mass index and body fat by means of skin-fold measurements, using the method described by Slaughter. Somatotype was computed according to the Carter's method. Physical activity was assessed with the Baecke questionnaire. The physical activity assessment employed sets of curl-ups, push-ups, standing broad jump, medicine ball throw, handgrip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power stair. There were negative associations for body fat, endomorphy and mesomorphy with curl-ups, push-ups and broad jump tests and positive associations with ball throw, handgrip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power tests. The associations for ectomorphy were the inverse of those for endomorphy and mesomorphy. Non obese children presented higher values for curl-ups, push-ups and standing broad jump. In medicine ball throw, handgrip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power test obese children presented higher scores, followed by children who were overweight. The mesoectomorphic boys and ectomesomorphic girls performed higher in all tests. The morphological typology presented more interactions with strength than % of body fat and physical activity. These data seem to suggest that the presence/absence of certain physical characteristics is crucial in the levels of motor provision in prepubescent children.

4

Evaluation of general motor performance in older school age pupils with a moderate mental disability

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Bartík P. , Bolach B.

The New Educational Review

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2015

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tom 42

253-263

EN

The authors of the contribution deal with evaluation of general motor performance in older school age pupils with a moderate mental disability. The aim of the research was to find out differences in the general motor performance between mentally disabled pupils and non-disabled pupils. The research sample consisted of 100 pupils aged 13 to 15. They included 25 boys and 25 girls with a moderate mental disability and 25 boys and 25 girls without a mental disability. To evaluate the general motor performance, the European test of motor performance Eurofit Special was used, modified for the needs of mentally disabled persons by Jean-Claude de Potter (1996). The research confirmed that the general motor performance of the youth with a moderate mental disability was statistically significantly lower than that of their non-disabled peers.

5

Relationships between socioeconomic factors versus the anthropometric and motor characteristics of Polish female university students (2000-2018)

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Podstawski R. , Marzec A.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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tom 1

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nr 9

117-127

EN

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between socioeconomic factors (SES), anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of female university students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2000-2018 on 3955 female university students aged 19.72 ± 0.75 years who were randomly selected from the population of students attending obligatory physical education (PE) classes. The participants' body mass and height were measured, and the students participated in 13 motor ability tests that assessed their speed/agility, flexibility, strength, endurancestrength, and endurance abilities. Multiple independent samples were compared using the KruskalWallis test or the mean-ranks post-hoc test when significant differences were observed in the participants' motor abilities. Results: Statistically significant differences in the participants' body mass, body height, BMI and motor abilities (speed/agility, flexibility - partly, strength, and strengthendurance) were associated with differences in the students' SES. Greater mean differences in SES were associated with differences in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of students. Environmental factors such as the place of permanent residence, monthly budgets, mother's and father's educational background were least likely to be associated with female students' endurance abilities. Conclusions: Female students who had higher monthly budgets, resided in large cities, and had better educated parents were generally taller and had a higher level of motor abilities. An inverse relationship was noted between motor abilities vs. body mass and BMI.

6

The somatic profile and motor performance of the students of the faculty of chemical and food technology slovak university of technology in Bratislava in five years period

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Robin P. , Jaroslav H.

Physical Activity Review

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2016

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tom 4

147-153

EN

The aim of our work is to find out level of somatic development and motor performance of students of the 1.st year - class of FCHPT STU in Bratislava in five years period in years 2011 – 2015 (1881 women and 797 men). We used standardized test battery to recognize motor performance. Comparison of the motion efficiency testing results we used the test of statistical significance of differences in mean values of the significance level p - value<0,05, in program Statgraphic (One Way – ANOVA). Based on the results of measuring the level of somatic development , we found out that the body height has stagnating tendency for both men and women categories. Body weight had a stable level in men until 2014 , but its value is about 5 kg higher than the population average . The women had body weight except in 2014 rising trend. Both in men and women category in 2015 significantly increased body weight . Observing body mass in dex ( BMI ) we found out a significant increase in values only for women. The relative value of the body fat in both men and women category at approximately the same level without significant difference index BMI more than men but the value of body fat on th e other hand they were worse . In the test results of motor performance , we found out significantly lower levels of aerobic endurance compared to the first measurement in 2011 , both men and women. In the case of speed - power capabilities of the arms and tors o as well as for the dynamic force abdominal and hip muscles we can ́t confirm increasing or decreasing tendency. From our research it is clear that aerobic endurance is the ability which has decreasing trend from year to year for both men and women categor y.

7

Electromagnetic analysis, efficiency map and thermal analysis of an 80-kW IPM motor with distributed and concentrated winding for electric vehicle applications

75%

Młot A. , Korkosz M. , Lechowicz A. , Podhajecki J. , Rawicki S.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 71, nr 4

981--1002

EN

This paper presents a comparison of an AC radial flux interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with the distributed winding (DW) and concentrated winding (CW). From time to time, manufacturers of electric vehicles change the design of electric motors, such changes may include changing the DW into CW and vice versa. A change to the winding in a radial permanent magnet synchronous motor may lead to a change in motor parameters during motor operation and /or change in the distribution of the magnetic field and thermal circuit of the electrical machine. The electromagnetic analysis, efficiency map, mechanical stress, and thermal analysis of the machine with the DW and CW are presented in this paper. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of selected stator winding designs and helps understand manufacturers’ designers how the DW and CW play a key role in achieving the designed motor’s operational parameters such as continuous performance. Analyzing the performance of both machines will help identify their advantages and disadvantages with regard to thermal phenomena, magnetic field and operational parameters of the presented IPM prototypes. Both prototypes are based on commonly used topologies such as 12/8 (slot/pole) and 30/8 (slot/pole) IPM motors consisting of magnets arranged in a V-shape. The AC IPM motor was designed for an 80 kW propulsion system to achieve 170 N·m at a base speed of 4 500 rpm. Modern CAD tools are utilized throughout the numerical computations based on 2-D finite element methods. Selected test data are used to verify and validate the accuracy of finite element models.

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Zmiany w sprawności motorycznej wśród uczniów klas i-III ze środowiska wiejskiego w województwie śląskim w latach 1999-2012

63%

Rodziewicz-Gruhn J. , Szymanek M. , Połacik J.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2014

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tom 40

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nr 2

107-120

EN

The aim of the paper was to determine the level of motor development and changes in motor performance in children from rural areas from Częstochowa region (Silesia Province) examined in the years 1999 and 2012. The research included boys and girls aged 7-9 from primary schools in Wręczyca Wielka Commune in Kłobuck County (Silesia Province). The first study was conducted in November in the school year 1999/2000 and embraced 270 students (135 girls and 135 boys); the same number of students – 270 students (135 girls and 135 boys) – was examined in the school year 2012/2013. The evaluation of motor performance was done on the basis of Zuchora Physical Fitness Index following the instructions included in the manual. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and arithmetic means and measures of spread were calculated. In order to determine the directions and scope of changes in motor performance the 2012 study results were normalized to the results obtained in 1999. The assessment of the significance of differences was made with the help of t Student test. In the years 1999-2012 unambiguous significant changes in the level of motor performance in particular age groups were not observed in girls and boys aged 7-9 from rural areas. The observed changes in motor structure refer to the progress of results in agility tests and abdominal muscle strength tests as well as regression in speed in the case of girls. Other results were at similar level. In the case of boys, the authors reported a decrease in the level of results obtained in speed tests and tests of muscle strength of the arms. Whereas similar results were obtained in strength tests, abdominal muscle strength tests and jumping ability tests. The improvement in flexibility skills was also observed.

PL

Celem niniejszego opracowania było określenie poziomu rozwoju motorycznego i zmian występujących w sprawności motorycznej dzieci ze środowiska wiejskiego z regionu częstochowskiego (woj. śląskie) badanych w latach 1999 i 2012 . W badaniach uczestniczyli dziewczęta i chłopcy w wieku 7 - 9 lat ze szkół podstawowych w gminie Wręczyca Wielka w powiecie kłobuckim (woj. śląskie). Pierwsze badanie zostało przeprowadzone w listopadzie w roku szkolnym 1999/2000 i objęto nim 270 uczniów (135 dziewcząt i 135 chłopców), podobnie kształtuje się liczba badanych w roku szkolnym 2012/2013 - 270 uczniów (135 dziewcząt i 135 chłopców). Sprawność motoryczną badanych oceniono w oparciu o próby Indeksu Sprawności Fizycznej Zuchory stosując się do zaleceń zawartych w instrukcji. Wyniki badań poddano analizie statystycznej wyliczając średnie arytmetyczne i miary rozsiewu. W celu określenia kierunków i rozmiarów przemian w sprawności motorycznej wyniki badań z roku 2012 unormowano na rezultaty uzyskane w 1999 roku. Oceny istotności różnic dokonano przy pomocy testu t- Studenta. W latach 1999-2012 u dziewcząt i chłopców w wieku 7-9 lat pochodzących ze środowiska wiejskiego nie odnotowano jednoznacznych istotnych zmian w poziomie sprawności motorycznej w poszczególnych grupach wieku. Zaobserwowane zmiany struktury motoryczności w przypadku dziewcząt dotyczą progresu rezultatów w próbach gibkości i siły mięśni brzucha oraz regresu w szybkości. Pozostałe wyniki były na zbliżonym poziomie. W przypadku chłopców, odnotowano obniżenie się poziomu wyników uzyskanych w próbach : szybkości i siły mięśni ramion, zbliżone wyniki uzyskano natomiast w próbach wytrzymałości, siły mięśni brzucha, skoczności. Odnotowano również poprawę zdolności gibkościowych.