Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Bělohorské události. Příčiny a důsledky v dílech pobělohorských exulantů

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Weis M.

Studia theologica

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2004

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tom 6

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nr 3

55-61

EN

This study documents, by means of works written by contemporary chroniclers - exiles fleeing the country after the Battle of the White Mountain - the causes and consequences of the Czech Estates Uprising. The most important source to provide us with information on this range of problems is the 'Ecclesiastic History' by Pavel Skala of Zhor. Pavel Skala of Zhor was a clerk of the directorial government and the royal office of Friedrich von Pfalz (Frederick Palatine), whom he accompanied abroad for two years. In the last four volumes of his 'Ecclesiastic History' he gives an account, from the point of view of an eyewitness, of events in the context of the European history that took place in Bohemia before the Estate Uprising, during the short reign of Frederick Palatine and after the defeat of Bohemian troops at the White Mountain. The author of the study does not forget the works of Pavel Jesin of Bezdezec, Mikulas Divis of Doubravin and a number of others.

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THE MONKS OF BYZANTINE EGYPT (4-7TH CENTURIES). AN ATTEMPT AT A COLLECTIVE PORTRAIT (Stan mnichow w Egipcie bizantyjskim (IV-VIII wiek). Proba nakreslenia zbiorowego portretu)

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Wipszycka E.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2009

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tom 8

175-215

EN

The portrait of the monastic milieu in Byzantine Egypt, as presented in this paper, has no pretence of being complete. It uses various sources: literary texts (apophthegms, in particular), documents written on papyrus and ostraca, remains of monks' dwellings. It aims at throwing light on a number of points, such as: the procedures necessary for a candidate to enter a monastic community; the monks' social background; literacy among the monks; hierarchic order regulating community life; the monks' everyday interpersonal relationships, especially the kinds of conflicts arising among them and the ways of solving them; the mobility of the monks before the introduction of the principle of stabilitas loci; the attitude of the Church and of public opinion towards those who gave up the cowl.

3

Slovanské písemnictví a liturgie 10. a 11. věku

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Kalhous D.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2010

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tom 108

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nr 1

1-33

EN

Based on an analysis of arguments submitted for the benefit of ascertaining the place and date of the origins of Old Church Slavonic literature together with using the findings that there was awareness of Great Moravian texts in the 10th century Czech environment, the author documents the continuity of Old Church Slavonic literature in 10th century Bohemia and Moravia. He also points out the weakness of evidence negating the possibility of the continuity of liturgy in Old Church Slavonic, as well as the paucity of literary evidence to prove the above. In addition he proposes that rather than separating literary documents and liturgy, the evidence of the practical use of this liturgy should be differentiated from any attempts to use it for 'political' purposes.

4

LATE-CHRISTIAN NUBIA AS VIEWED THROUGH INSCRIPTIONS FROM BANGANARTI (Poznochrzescijanska Nubia widziana przez pryzmat iskrypcji z Banganarti)

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Lajtar A.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2009

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tom 8

79-100

EN

Archeological excavations carried out since 2002 by a Polish expedition in Banganarti, a village located ten kilometers to the south of the ruins of Dongola, the capital of the Christian kingdom of Makuria, revealed two churches one standing atop the other. The upper church, probably built in the 11th century, was towards the end of its usage, the goal of numerous pilgrimages, which is proved by almost a thousand inscriptions left on its walls by worshippers. The inscriptions are composed in either local Nubian language or in Greek. They usually mention the name of the visitor, occasionally accompanied by additional information about the person, such as father's name, the place of origin, profession or function, in case of clergy, also the place of ecclesiastic service. The information occurs together with invocations and short prayers, most of which are directed to Archangel Raphael, thus indicating that he was the patron saint of the church. The inscriptions give an idea on cultural patterns functioning in the kingdom of Makuria. Mentions of churches and their names reveal patterns of Nubian piety, which was directed to Jesus, Mary and angelic beings. Thanks to information about occupation and social status of worshippers, we can reconstruct the picture of Makurian society at the end of the existence of independent Makurian state. The inscriptions also provide us with direct information on historic events and allow us to complete some gaps on the list of Makurian kings of the times covered by the texts.

5

TRI CYRILSKÉ RUKOPISNÉ KOMPENDIÁ. EDUKAČNÁ PRÍPRAVA KLÉRU V PROSTREDÍ MUKAČEVSKEJ EPARCHIE V DRUHEJ POLOVICI 18. STOROČIA

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Žeňuch P.

Slavica Slovaca

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2018

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tom 53

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nr 1

49 - 63

EN

Our paper is dedicated to three educative Cyrillic texts from the second half of the 18th century. These texts are located in libraries in Prague, Prešov and Užhorod. The paper describes the historical and cultural contexts of their origin as well as their content and its characteristics.

6

Přesvědčovací akce „svlékni hábit“ ve světle archivních materiálů

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Weis M.

Studia theologica

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2009

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tom 11

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nr 3

63-76

EN

This study, predominantly based on archive materials, brings to light a chapter of the church history which is relatively poorly researched. It uses an investigatory method to demonstrate the efforts of the communist state power in Czechoslovakia to liquidate or at least radically restrict the existence of women's orders in the 1950s. False and artificially fabricated law-suits with top church dignitaries and the representatives of orders were accompanied by administrative restrictions of nuns' activities followed by their forceful relocation to special 'centralized monasteries'. Along with these measures, the representatives of the state power at the regional and district level conducted coercive operation code-named 'Take off your habit' designed to make the nuns betray their monastic vows, leave their monastic way of life and join other 'useful members of society'. This study is a part of a wider project, dealt with by the author, of the Czech Science Foundation, No. 409/07/0475 for 2009.

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'...AND HE SAW HIS PILLOW' - A PROPOSAL OF INTERPRETATION OF POLYCARP'S VISION IN MARTYRIUM POLYCARPI 5.2 („... i ujrzal swoja poduszke...' - propozycja interpretacji wizji Polikarpa w Martyrium Policarpi 5,2)

100%

Kozlowski J.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2009

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tom 8

65-78

EN

In Martyrium Polycarpi, a text written during the second half of the 2nd century, the concept of 'the martyrdom in accordance with the Gospel' is presented on the example of the attitude of the Smyrnean bishop Polycarp. Having escaped his persecutors, Polycarp receives a vision from God, in which he sees his pillow burning with fire, andin which God tells him to stop further hiding and foretells his martyr's death by beingburnt at the stake. The aim of the present paper is to explain why it is just through the symbol of the burning pillow that this message is communicated to Polycarp. Sincethe very text of Martyrium Polycarpi does not provide us with sufficient criteria to answer the question, it is necessary to refer to other writings with which it remains in intertextual relation, particularly, The Gospel of Matthew and The Gospel of Mark. In this intertextua perspective, the burning pillow symbolizes not only Polycarp's death at the stake, but also his resignation of further hiding and the bishop's trust in God.

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Maximilianus Wietrowsky SJ - životní osudy v zrcadle dobových pramenů a přehled literární tvorby

100%

Bockova A.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2009

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tom 132

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nr 1-2

136-165

EN

A handful of sources have enabled us to get acquainted with the personality of the baroque Jesuit historian Maximilianus Wietrowsky: elogium, a sort of an obituary, which was written in monastic houses after a college member's death and sent (as a part of the annual report) to the directorate general in Rome; catalogi triennales, in which the college principals would (at roughly three-year intervals) provide reports on their wards; catalogi breves, annual directories informing of the ward's currently held position; and, most importantly, the correspondence of the order, Epistolae generalium, i.e. the concepts of letters sent from the directorate general to individual members of the order. Maximilianus Wietrowsky (1660-1737) entered the Jesuit order in 1677. After completing his studies he taught at inferior schools (humaniora) and later lectured in philosophy and theology at Prague and Olomouc universities. After that, he served as a rector of the Prague New Town College and also as the superior of the Svata Hora residence and the Dresden mission. In 1718 he became confessor to the Prague archbishop and assessor of the Prague consistory, where he would continue to work until his death. In his literary works he was mainly concerned with the history of the Church; he used his pedagogical experience in both theological and philosophical publications and acquired the most favourable response with the canonisation treatise Historia de vita S. Joannis Nepomuceni, whose authorship is verified - among others - in this work.

9

ON ARIANISM OF EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA AGAIN - A STANDPOINT IN THE DISCUSSION (O arianizmie Euzebiusza z Cezarei raz jeszcze - glos w dyskusji)

100%

Toczko R.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2009

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tom 8

101-126

EN

This paper deals with the alleged Arianism of Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. 250-339), author of the first Ecclesiastical History. The charge of Arianism was common since the breakout of this heresy in the second decade of the 4th century. While the shrewdest opponent of the Arians was Athanasius the Great, he does not associate Eusebius directly with the rest of the followers of Arius. It is, then, useful to come out with the new treatment of the Arians. These new ramifications are based on the twofold concept of the Arian, as either someone taking part in the political actions of the group of Eusebius of Nicomedia and Arius, or someone sharing the most important theological notions with Arius. The whole argument is to show that Eusebius of Caesarea in neither of the two senses can be justly recognized as an Arian. His political defense of Arius is motivated mostly by the idea of new era of peace in Church. It just started with the arrival of Constantine. On the other hand, his theological views are deeply rooted in the theology of Origen, and not up-to-date exegesis of the Scriptures. The old historian, exegete and apologist was too busy with his preoccupations to be a part of the Arian movement.

10

Litterae annuae provinciae Bohemiae (1623-1755)

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Bobková-Valentová K.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2010

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tom 25

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nr 1

23-49

EN

The essay outlines the process of emergence and evolution of the Jesuit litterae annuae, i.e. annual reports applied by the Society of Jesus. They represent an important source of knowledge on the order’s activities and forms of its self-presentation. The essay concentrates on the structure of these texts, methods of their writing and their reception. It pays great attention to the distribution of annual reports within the Bohemian jesuit province. The study is based on an analysis of manuscripts preserved in the Czech Republic (NK ČR), the Austrian National Library (ÖNB) and the Rome Archive of the Society of Jesus (ARSI). There is a register which facilitates orientation in the preserved copies.

11

VOJTĚCH ŠANDA JAKO BIBLISTA

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Petráček T.

Studia theologica

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2011

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tom 13

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nr 4

25–41

EN

The study deals with the life work of the Czech Catholic priest Vojtěch (Adalbert) Šanda (1853–1953). He lectured Exegesis and dogmatic theology at the seminary for priests in Litoměřice and later Dogmatic Theology exclusively at the Theological Faculty in Prague. Over the years 1902–1914, he was one of the most renowned Czech Catholic bible Scholars with his works written in German enjoying recognition throughout Europe. He later switched exclusively to dogmatic theology, but in the twenties he once again spoke out strongly on exegesis in the strictly conservative work Moses and the Pentateuch. The study follows the turnaround in the exegetical focus of his work within the context of his career and the fate of the Catholic exegesis of the first half of the 20th century.

12

THE ELECTIONS OF BISHOPS IN EGYPT IN THE 5TH AND 7TH CENTURIES (Wybory biskupow w Egipcie w V-VII w.)

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Wipszycka E.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2010

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tom 9

189-220

EN

The main purpose of this paper is to gather all the available evidence on the elections of bishops in Egypt in the 5th and 7th centuries. No attempt at exhaustive research in this domain has ever been undertaken in the past; many sources have been neglected up to now. From the evidence collected by the author it appears that two factors were decisive in shaping the peculiar character of episcopal elections in Egypt: (1) the extremely large power of the bishop of Alexandria, which gave him the exclusive right to choose the men to be ordained for all the sees of Egypt, whereas outside Egypt the bishop for a given see was elected by the clergy, the notables and the people of the town and by the bishops of the neighbouring towns; (2) the Christological controversies that caused the rise of two patriarchates in Alexandria, belonging to two dogmatic camps, as well as - since the reign of Justinian - the rise of two parallel hierarchies in Egypt, one Monophysite and one Chalcedonian. Special attention has been given in this paper to the sources concerning Alexandria, in order to establish what the ecclesiastical and social forces were that played a role inthe election of the patriarch. This makes it possible to understand that the ways in which the emperor intervened in this process were much more complicated and subtle than previously thought.

13

The role of the Corpus Christi Confraternity in the life of the citizens of late medieval Bratislava

100%

Majorossy J.

Tortenelmi Szemle (Historical Review)

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2004

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tom 46

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nr 1/2

69-111

EN

The surviving sources in relation to the Corpus Christi confraternity, its rule(s), registers, inventories, accounts and membership lists as well as the relevant notes in the town books and accounts were considered and reconsidered together with a strong emphasis on the pious orders and donations of the burghers in their last wills to analyse the religious, social, and economic role of the confraternity in the life of late medieval Bratislava (Pozsony/Pressburg). As far as the sources allowed, besides the elite character of the brotherhood in the town in general, this study also examined how and in which ways it was present in almost all main ecclesiastical institutions, parishes and monasteries of the town. Though the confraternity resided in Saint Martin parish church, through its chapel and altars it was present throughout the whole city. The confraternity's religious place during the fifteenth and early sixteenth century was investigated through the last will donations, while its economic significance was defined in the period by analysing the accounts. These town and confraternity accounts allowed providing some hints about the Corpus Christi feast and procession as well, together with a hypothetical route of procession within the town. Finally, according to the present state of research, in the mirror of the surviving charters, some reconstructed lists were presented in the appendix on the confraternity masters, confraternity chaplains, and those altar priests who served at the altars patronised by the brotherhood.

14

Jak vytvořit životopis jezuity. Přehled řádových evidenčních pramenů, jejich dochování, dostupnost a vypovídací hodnota

100%

Bobková-Valentová K.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2011

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tom 26

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nr 2

365-402

EN

The essay outlines personal records kept by the Jesuit order for its internal needs, characterises them, explains their reference value and provides the researcher with a methodological guideline in creating biographies of varied orientation and level of detail.

15

Teoderyk Wielki a schizma akacjańska w świetle Liber Pontificalis

88%

Ożóg M.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2012

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tom 11

107-126

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the role which Theodoric the Great played in the Acacian schism. On the basis of the information included in the Liber Pontificalis and comparisons made with other contemporary sources, I would like to demonstrate that the above-mentioned schism was beneficial for Theodoric, as it counteracted the unification of the Catholics to the detriment of the Arians. However, it is concerned not only with the religious aspect of this problem, but also with its political dimension, since Arianism was the national religion of Goths. The way in which the schism ended was not advantageous to Theodoric, because it disturbed the arrangement of power worked out so far and affected the attitude of the unified churches of Rome and Constantinople to the Arians, which is confirmed by the emperor Justin’s later politics towards Arians.

16

„A los padł na biskupów”. Na marginesie rozważan o stosunku do rzucania losów w późnej starożytności

88%

Kosiński R.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2012

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tom 11

55-58

EN

This paper makes reference to Robert Wisniewski’s article concerned with the resignation from the practice of episcopal election by lot, apparent in Late Antiquity. This shift is puzzling, given the fact that New Testament offers the example of Matthias thus elected as the apostle replacing Judas (Acts 1: 26). Wisniewski explains this circumstance predominantly by the preeminence of bad connotations and associations with fortune-telling and divination. However, in the Vita Euthymii 45, Cyril of Scythopolis states that the monks, who were opposed to the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon, followed the example described in the Acts and cast lots in order to take a decision on entering into communion with the pro-Chalcedon bishops. The author does not see anything wrong in the method used by the monks and approves it wholeheartedly, considering the outcome as a sign of Divine Providence. Therefore, in all probability, the discontinuation of the procedure in Late Antiquity did not result from any associations with pagan rites or gambling; it was rather due to the fact that there had already existed a different, and well-entrenched, form of episcopal election in Christian tradition, in that particular period.

17

CÍRKEVNÍ A POLITICKÉ SOUVISLOSTI ŽIVOTA JOSEFA HLOUCHA

88%

Šebek J.

Studia theologica

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 3

168–183

EN

This study deals with the life story of Bishop Joseph Hlouch in the context of the dramatic political, social and religious changes of the 20th century – during the interwar Czechoslovak Republic, in the post-war period and during the existence of the Communist regime from its takeover in 1948 to the period of “normalization” after the Warsaw Pact invasion.

18

ACACIUS, BISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN THE YEARS AD 472-489 (Dzieje Akacjusza, patriarchy Konstantynopola w latach 472-489)

88%

Kosinski R.

U Schyłku Starożytności. Studia Źrodłoznawcze

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2010

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tom 9

63-97

EN

The article is devoted to Acacius, the controversial bishop of Constantinople in the years 472-489. It is concerned primarily with his views and the role he played in the dispute over the validity of the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon and the causesof the break-up of the ecclesiastical communion between Constantinople and Rome. An analysis of the sources indicates that the bishop supported the followers of theCouncil throughout his tenure. This was particularly evident during the usurpation of Basiliscus in 475-476. His pro-Chalcedonian position reflected his religious convictions, not the desire to retain the privileges of the see of Constantinople granted at the Council of Chalcedon, as suggested by the contemporary historiography. The cause of the Acacian schism was Constantinople's recognition of Peter Mongos as Bishop of Alexandria, not the Henoticon drawn up by Acacius in AD 482.

19

Ty ještě věříš, soudruhu?

88%

Weis M.

Studia theologica

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2009

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tom 11

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nr 1

60-69

EN

The top officials of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia almost always perceived any belief in God and religion as something negative, according to the marxist mantra that 'religion is the opium of the people'. This study by concentrating directly on the rank-and-file members of the Communist Party, is trying to find an answer to what degree the Party managed to achieve its goal to eradicate religiosity among its own members in the 2nd half of the 20th century. Considering the extent of the matter, this study is a piece of research analysing only the state of religiousness of the members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in South Bohemia. It is based on as yet unpublished archive materials of the South Bohemian Regional Committee of the CP of Czechoslovakia. The archive materials confirmed the fact that, despite the persistent efforts, the party leaders did not succeed in achieving 'zero religiousness' among the party members of the South Bohemian CP of Czechoslovakia. Other author's publications:

20

Nebezpečný svatý Jan Nepomuk Neumann. Odraz svatořečení v archivních materiálech jihočeského regionu

88%

Weis M.

Studia theologica

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2010

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tom 12

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nr 2

20-34

EN

Thirty years have passed in 2007 since Pope Paul VI canonised John Nepomucene Neumann, a native of South Bohemia. The author focuses his study on the questions of the canonisation of John N. Neumann, in the form of an inquiry in the archive materials of the state administration and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the Region of South Bohemia. State authorities of the communist regime generally perceived the canonisation of this saint as a serious political and ideological danger at the same level as that of the well-known Charta 77 movement. Archive documents illustrate the unscrupulous and insidious way to thwart the efforts of clergy and individual believers for a dignified celebration of the canonisation within the the region of South Bohemia.