Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The style forms of public utility buildings in the first half of 20th century in Poland

100%

Borcz Z. , Borcz A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura

|

2011

|

tom 10

|

nr 3

EN

In the paper the variety of architectural styles in the early 20th century is presented, showing examples of public utility buildings, erected in this time in Poland. An example of historical style is the National Savings Bank edifice in Cracow, erected in the years 1922–1924 according to the Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz design. Simultaneously a new style, referred to as Art Nouveau appeared. The competition for National Savings Bank in Rzeszów, announced in 1906 was taking into account the traits of Art Nouveau, and in the result the design different from historical styles, with an asymmetric elevation was selected for realization. On Podhale and gradually in other regions the Zakopane style became prevalent in those days; the kindergarten in Nałęczów, designed by Jan Witkiewicz-Koszczyc was built in this style. The next example is the Post Office edifice in Wrocław, designed by Lothar Neumann and erected in the years 1926–1929. In the final part of the paper the Post Office edifice in Ciechocinek, built in the modernism style in 1933 according to the design of Romuald Gutt and Józef Jankowski, is presented; this edifice even in our times attracts attention by its novatory form and a good realization.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono różnorodność stylów architektonicznych w początkach XX wieku, podając przykłady budynków użyteczności publicznej, wznoszonych w Polsce w tym czasie. Przykładem stylu historycznego jest budynek Pocztowej Kasy Oszczędności w Krakowie, wzniesiony w latach 1922–1924 według projektu Szyszko-Bohusza. Równolegle pojawił się nowy styl, zwany secesją. W tym duchu w 1906 roku rozpisano konkurs architektoniczny na budynek Kasy Oszczędności w Rzeszowie i w rezultacie wybrano projekt odmienny od historycznych stylów, z elewacją asymetryczną. Na Podhalu, a stopniowo w innych regionach, rozpowszechnił się styl zakopiański. W tym stylu Witkiewicz-Koszczyc zaprojektował przedszkole w Nałęczowie, zbudowane w 1906 roku. Następnie przedstawiono budynek Poczty Głównej we Wrocławiu, zaprojektowany w stylu formizmu przez Neumanna i wzniesiony w latach 1926–1929. Artykuł kończy opis modernistycznego budynku poczty w Ciechocinku, autorstwa Gutta i Jankowskiego, wzniesionego w 1933 roku. Budynek ten do dzisiaj zwraca uwagę nowoczesną formą i dobrym wykonaniem.

2

Má Bohéma. Meze a možnosti historikova soudu

100%

Hanuš J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

|

2017

|

tom 9

|

nr 2

72-80

EN

The study analyses the Czech Television series Bohéma from the perspective of a historian and draws attention to the issue of its genre with an unclear definition. The production follows on a thin boundary line between the trashy, fiction with a historical background, and a work of history, posing a challenge to a historian and asking questions about our relation to historical memory and its instrumentation.

3

Powrót MELiSa. Ideologizacja bibliotek publicznych w świetle dokumentów archiwalnych z lat 1956–1958

100%

Dróżdż A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

|

2012

|

tom 10

139-150

PL

Niedługo po XX Zjeździe KPZR nastąpiły zmiany destalinizacyjne we wszystkich państwach „bloku socjalistycznego”. Biblioteki publiczne okaleczone akcjami oczyszczania księgozbiorów z dzieł podlegających natychmiastowemu usunięciu na próżno upominały się o ich zwrot w Centralnym Zarządzie Bibliotek Ministerstwa Kultury i Sztuki (pisma nr 1–4). Na początku 1958 roku bibliotekarzom rozesłano Wskazówki w sprawie postępowania z drukami zbędnymi (pismo nr 5), zabraniające pozbywania się podstawowych dzieł Marksa, Engelsa, Lenina i Stalina. Bibliotekarzy ponownie starano się wykorzystać w propagandowej grze prowadzonej przez ideologów Polski Ludowej ze społeczeństwem

4

Od “Małopolski Wschodniej” do “Ukrainy Zachodniej”. Geneza, rozwój oraz zakres funcjonowania w języku polskim nazw geograficznych, odnoszących się do “Galicji Wschodniej” w latach 1918-1939

100%

Hibel K.

Slavia Orientalis

|

2012

|

tom 61

|

nr 4

475-510

EN

The complicated history of the geographical names for today’s werstern part of the Ukraine, which in the contemporary historical and cultural discourse is often called Eastersn Galicia, is not only one of the most interesting Europaen examples for the fluctuation of choronyms in the course of only decades, but also an interesting contribution to the discussion about their ideologization in the 20th century. This ‘official toponomastic’ contributed to the emergence of a whole clutch of new, oft artificial geographical names, which came into being with the goal to bring the territory under own control or authorize its vague borders. This strategy became an important part of the battles of the maps in the 20th century, how called this phenomenon Zygmunt Bauman. The battle of the words self was to the modern nations a way to create their own state space based on ethnic criterions and so called ‘great tradition’, existing in the defined geographical boundaries.

5

Funkcje społeczne „wrogiej propagandy pisanej” w latach 1965–1975 na przykładach z archiwum krakowskiej bezpieki

100%

Konieczna M.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

|

2012

|

tom 10

124-138

EN

Many of the operational reports concerning so-called „enemy written propaganda” are still in the archives of the Cracow security forces. The most of such cases come from the late 1960s and early 1970s. The preserved materials are a testimony of the growth of the anticommunist opposition for bold actions in 1976 and later. Leaflets distribution, writing on the walls, sending anonymous letters were those spaces of freedom that were willingly cultivated by the defiant. The inscriptions were written on the walls, trains and trams, the leaflets were scattered in the streets, in the parks, dormitories, cafés, the anonymous letters were sent. The collected testimonies of the anonymous street slogans against communist government show how grand organisational problem they were for the officers of Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Rising social opposition soon resulted in strikes and riots in Radom and establishment of the first legal opposition

6

Wkład dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w ewolucję polszczyzny

100%

Woźniak E.

Poradnik Językowy

|

2020

|

tom 775

|

nr 6

7-21

EN

The object of this paper is the extent and dynamics of language changes in the interwar period. The rebirth of Poland in 1918 and the resulting sociopolitical and cultural transformations caused major changes in the use of Polish as compared to the period of the Partitions. The process of language unifi cation, in particular on the phonetic plane, accelerated in the new conditions. The interwar period set the language development directions as regards word formation, namely expansion of acronyms, use of surnames as the derivation basis, and creation of hybrid structures with prefi xes and other elements of foreign provenance. The interwar period’s contribution to the evolution of the Polish language is internationalisation of vocabulary on the one hand and its Polonisation on the other hand. The ground-breaking nature of the period 1918–1939 is evidenced also by the multiplication of the lexical resource of the language. The unappreciated role the interwar period played in the evolution of Polish needs to be verifi ed and exposed in the periodisation of the history of language.

7

Trampské osady v kontextu neformální architektury

100%

Pohunek J.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2018

|

tom 105

|

nr 4

399-423

EN

This paper presents the issues of architectural and spatial development of tramp settlements and campsites during the 20th century, with an emphasis on how the use of these sites changed depending on the degree of their formal recognition. It places this type of sites and buildings into the wider context of informal architecture research, and also discusses how the official recognition of such sites was related to changes in ownership and privacy perception.

8

Jewish public libraries in interwar Poland

100%

Biesaga M. , Kisilowska M.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

|

2019

|

tom Tom specjalny: Dla Niepodległej / Special Issue: For an Independent Poland

153-167

EN

This article presents the genesis and the organizational structure of the Jewish public libraries (also referred to as secular or modern in the literature) in interwar Poland (1918-1939). The origins of these institutions date back to the 19th century and are associated with the Haskalah movement. Due to the strong opposition of the Orthodox Jews and local authorities, the majority of the first libraries were established secretly and run illegally on private premises. Against what were then the odds, progress prevailed and the libraries flourished in the interwar period. In 1937 it was estimated that there were approximately 1,000 Jewish public libraries in Poland.

9

K činnosti a aktivitám Stredo- a východoevropského výboru pri Európskom hnutiu v rokoch 1948–1953

100%

Švík P.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

|

2014

|

tom 22

|

nr 1

203-223

EN

Except for Vladimír Goněc’s studies on Hubert Ripka’s activities in the aftermath of the WWII or Jan Wszelaki’s group proposal for an Eastern European Schuman Plan, neither Czech nor Slovak historiography paid significant attention to the concepts of Central and Eastern European integration developed by the exile circles in the Western countries after 1945. A striking point here is that these plans, in most cases, did not originate from the respective national exile groups, but were rather a result of interplay between these. Furthermore, the mutual interchange had to be often managed from without by the “unbiased” mediators. These used to be the sympathetic Western politicians, political entrepreneurs or donors. At the end of 1940s and in early 1950s, the Central and Eastern European Commission of the European Movement was one of the most important platforms for such an interaction. While focusing on the Commission’s activities, this article outlines its institutional linkages and composition as well as draws attention to the plan of Central and Eastern European integration worked out within this body at the turn of 1950s.

10

Rola kobiet w akcji plebiscytowej na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu w 1920 roku

100%

Daniluk J.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

|

2020

|

nr 8

71-84

EN

The year 2020 marks 100 years since the plebiscite which decided about the belonging of Warmia, Mazury and Powiśle to Poland. The purpose of this article is to show women’s involvementin the plebiscite, both in the period immediately preceding it and throughout its duration. Their activity of selfless work for the homeland will be illustrated by means of diaries and press materials.The period prior to the 1920 plebiscite was probably the most difficult time for the inhabitants of these lands, caught up in a silent national, religious and social struggle. The role of the representativesof the Polish national movement during the plebiscite was the first manifestation of women’s involvement in the matters of Polish statehood.

11

Kształtowanie księgozbiorów bibliotek publicznych na Dolnym Śląsku w okresie powojennym (do roku 1975)

100%

Szocki J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

|

2012

|

tom 10

107-123

EN

The article is concerned with the history of the public libraries of Lower Silesia in the postwar period. The upper time limit for the presented analysis and reports is the year 1975, when the administrative reform changed the territorial structure of the voivodeship libraries. Within the 30 years after the war, the libraries of Lower Silesia gathered a wide collection of both fiction and non-fiction books, as well as the documents of social life. The structure of the libraries collections was adjusted to the needs of the readers from the different regions of the country. Thanks to those virtues, public libraries had a chance to become an important element of their towns’ cultural system. Accommodation facilities allowed for active participation in education processes and served the development of the social life.

12

Schriftsteller in Anwaltsroben. Die literarische Rhetorik von Kazimiera Iłłakiewiczówna, Thomas Mann, Stanisława Przybyszewska und Jakob Wassermann in der Polemik um die Prozesse gegen Rita Gorgon und Philipp Halsmann

100%

Pilipowicz A.

Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia

|

2013

|

nr 21

69-84

EN

The paper is an attempt to show the humanism of the writers who, in various texts (letters, articles and poems), took stance on the issue of the trial of Rita Gorgon, who was accused of the murder of her employer’s daughter, and the trial of Philipp Halsmann, who was accused of the murder of his father. Since these murders had not been fully clarified, the accused were not considered unequivocally guilty by the writers, which was a starting point for the postulate to lodge an appeal against the sentence.

13

WEGE DES GARTENGEDICHTS UND DER NATURLYRIK IM 20. JAHRHUNDERT

100%

Wolting M.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

|

2011

|

tom 133

37-51

EN

The nature poetry of the 20th century contains illustrations of the natural elements, the daytimes and seasons, the plants, the garden, the colors and light, but also after the Second World War in the increased size the reflections, fears, moods, desires, beliefs, both political as well as social or ecological provenience.

14

Problémy socialistické modernizace hnacích vozidel ČSD 1945‒1980

100%

Kužel P.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

|

2016

|

tom 24

|

nr 1

253-267

EN

Although bold ideas at the end of the 1950s foreseeing the end of steam railway locomotion did not pan out, motorisation and electrification did become fundamental concepts of the generously conceived modernisation of Czechoslovak State Railways (ČSD) after the Second World War. Turbinisation, which was one of the alternatives to the programmes mentioned, was not taken forward. Mazutisation was more of a regressive – emergency – programme. Militarisation relating to the existence of power blocs reminds us still today of the division of the country into a north and south part, each covered by different electric locomotive systems. Locomotives manufactured by domestic industry, in particular Škoda Plzeň and Českomoravská-Kolben-Daněk (ĆKD) were unrivalled in East Europe from the 1950s to the 1980s, despite the lack of high quality material available, and were comparable to Western products in terms of quality. Not only are their newest models mainstays of railway transport within the Czech Republic and Slovakia, but many of the locomotives and railcars have only recently come out of operation, or are still being used, sometimes even after fifty or more years of service.

15

Dyplomacja PRL wobec kryzysu karaibskiego w 1962 roku

89%

Kieć K.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

|

2020

|

nr 106

157-189

EN

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the head of Polish diplomacy at that time, Adam Rapacki, considered the Caribbean Crisis to be extremely dangerous for Poland. It was due to the fact that Warsaw maintained good economic relations with Washington. Since establishing diplomatic relations with Havana, relations between the Polish People’s Republic (PPR) and Cuba had developed slowly. From 1960, PPR was forced to help Cuba, while not drawing any benefits from exchange trade. Larger commitment to improve relations with Castro’s regimes was forced by Moscow. Poland was the last member of Eastern Bloc to establish relations with Havana. The United States of America reacted to these events in an extremely nervous manner. The administration of President John Kennedy threatened to cancel economic cessions granted to Poland. In this context, Adam Rapacki’s visit to Havana in June 1961 seemed provocative from the USA point of view. British diplomacy, however, interpreted the Polish minister’s speech at the University of Havana differently and maintained that Rapacki was careful not to offend the United States of America. Moreover, the Foreign Office believed that he was forced to make this foreign visit. When the Cuban Missile Crisis began, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs tried to avoid any actions that could be seen as provocative by U.S. Navy forces, conducting a naval blockade of the island. The USSR did not inform its allies about the plan of placing the missiles on Cuba, which testified to the lack of sovereignty of the PPR and other Eastern Bloc states. The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not make any active moves regarding the crisis, but still tried to obtain the most reliable information on the events. The most informed person was PPR’s ambassador in Washington, while those in Havana and Moscow had incomplete data. In addition, after the biggest threat of the outbreak of thermonuclear war has passed, it was the PPR that provided information about Fidel Castro’s critique of Moscow’s position towards the crisis.

PL

Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych oraz ówczesny szef polskiej dyplomacji Adam Rapacki uważali kryzys karaibski za niezwykle groźny dla Polski. Wynikało to z faktu, że Warszawa utrzymywała dobre relacje gospodarcze z Waszyngtonem. Od czasu nawiązania relacji dyplomatycznych z Hawaną stosunki między PRL a Kubą rozwijały się wolno. Od 1960 r. PRL była zmuszona okazywać pomoc Kubie i nie czerpała zysków z wymiany handlowej. Szersze zaangażowanie na rzecz poprawy stosunków z reżimem Castro było wymuszone przez Moskwę. Polska jako członek bloku wschodniego nawiązała relacje z Hawaną najpóźniej ze wszystkich krajów wchodzących w jego skład. Na wspomniane ruchy Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki zareagowały w sposób niezwykle nerwowy. Administracja prezydenta Johna Kennedy’ego groziła cofnięciem cesji gospodarczych udzielonych Polsce. W tym kontekście wizyta Adama Rapackiego w Hawanie w czerwcu 1961 r. wydawała się z punktu widzenia USA prowokacyjna. Inaczej wystąpienie polskiego ministra odebrali brytyjscy dyplomaci, którzy utrzymywali, że podczas przemówienia na Uniwersytecie w Hawanie Rapacki starał się nie obrażać Stanów Zjednoczonych. Dodatkowo Foreign Office uważało, że został on zmuszony do złożenia owej wizyty zagranicznej. W momencie, gdy rozpoczął się kryzys rakietowy na Kubie, polskie MSZ starało się za wszelką cenę uniknąć działań, które mogły zostać odebrane jako prowokacja przez siły US Navy, prowadzące morską blokadę wyspy. O zamiarach dotyczących rozmieszczenia pocisków atomowych na Kubie ZSRR nie poinformowało swoich sojuszników, co świadczyło o braku suwerenności PRL oraz innych państw bloku wschodniego. MSZ nie podejmowało żadnych aktywnych ruchów w tej kwestii, ale starało się pozyskać najbardziej wiarygodne informacje na temat rozgrywających się zdarzeń. Najlepiej poinformowany był ambasador PRL w Waszyngtonie, a jego odpowiednicy w Hawanie i Moskwie mieli niekompletne dane. Dodatkowo, po ustaniu największego zagrożenia związanego z wybuchem wojny termonuklearnej, to PRL przekazywała informacje o krytyce Fidela Castro kierowanej wobec Moskwy, a dotyczącej kryzysu.

16

České politické strany v době třetí republiky a jejich poválečné sjezdy

88%

Pehr M.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

|

2016

|

tom 24

|

nr 1

185-212

EN

After the Second World War, a restricted party political system was established in Czechoslovakia. In practice, this meant that on the basis of the political agreement of officials in exile, three socialist parties (the National Socialists, Social Democrats and Communists) were restored in the Czech lands, along with one non-socialist party (the People’s Party). In a context of great post-war changes in society, these parties endeavoured to establish continuity with their pre-war past. This was seen in their party congresses.

17

Romanian research on elites of the 19th and 20th centuries

88%

Popovici V.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

|

2017

|

tom 8

|

nr 1

87-104

EN

The paper offers a synthetic overview of the historical and social sciences writings on 19th and 20th century Romanian elites. Following the original local sociological constructs developed during the interwar period, the early socialist regime stopped almost all research on the topic for the next two decades. The interest rose again slowly in the 1970s and 1980s, when preliminary investigations highlighted some of the future research subjects: intellectuals, economic, and political elites. After 1989, historians were the first to enter the field, opening workshops on the previously mentioned categories, and more recently on ecclesiastical, military, and administrative elites. Social and political scientists followed shortly, focusing mainly – but not exclusively – on the socialist and post-socialist elites. Despite the flourishing period of the last two decades, and the generally positive trend, the historical research on elites in Romania produced mainly empirical studies. The methodological and theoretical framework was left unapproached, partly due to a lack of tradition, partly because of the low level of collaboration between historians and social scientists.

18

The reality argument and its impact on the individual through the eyes of Gejza Vámoš

88%

Brocková A.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

|

2021

|

tom 69

|

nr Special_Issue_1

117-127

EN

The goal of this paper was to explain the ideas contained in the essay The Reality Argument by Gejza Vámoš. Reality must be accounted for and justified, otherwise we are incapable of accepting it. If the reasons for a given reality are strong and convincing, it will be accepted. Many forgotten thinkers and figures that are inspirational to this day are echoed in Vámoš’s work. The essay is a specific continuation of Vámoš’s philosophical endeavours. Unlike in his other works, Vámoš abandons the biologising contemplations of a philosopher-physician, dealing here with the question of the individual and society. Is the way in which a reality is accepted different for the individual than for the masses? The question emerges of how it is possible to modify reality in the minds of people using different justifications. Although the essay is in many respects an example of author’s distinct free-thinking nature, this “socio-philosophical meditation”, as Vámoš himself dubbed it, may be added to the list of Vámoš’s efforts at being an educator and cultivator of society. He also emphasises the role of the philosopher and warns against the tendency of people to allow themselves to be controlled and, in many passages, he warns against various ways of manipulating reality.

19

The VMIC Social System. The View of Historians over the Past 100 Years

88%

Šústková H.

Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

|

2012

|

tom 27

|

nr 1

68-84

EN

This study analyses czech historians’ point of view on problems of social history of workers in Vítkovice ironworks. It presents the most important works about history of this company and introduces economical and social historians of Moravian-Silesian region, i.e. Milan Myška, Jiří Matějček, Blanka Pitronová etc.

20

Fazy twórczości Henryka Hubertusa Jabłońskiego — propozycja klasyfikacji

88%

Szemiel M.

Aspekty Muzyki

|

2012

|

tom 2

173-183

EN

The article is an attempt to divide Jabłoński’s output into phases according to Mieczysław Tomaszewski’s concept. In line with the assumptions of this concept, in the composer’s biography there are turning points and a return that defi ne his creative path. General characteristics of Jabłoński’s creative path can be divided into three phases. Stylistic caesurae of the phases become essential in pointing out the pivotal moments that defi ne the course of evolution of Jabłoński’s oeuvre. The path leads from the infl uence of neoclassical aesthetics in his early works, through the experience of aleatoric and sonoristic techniques of controlling the musical material, up to simplifi ed textures and stylistic features revolving around the sérénité climate. In the phases of the evolution of Jabłoński’s output presented here, specifi c features of his musical language are pointed out. These are connected with his individualistic approach to the issue of tonality. The composer developed and enriched his musical language, but only with such elements of new techniques that did not disturb the creative path he had taken earlier. His attempts to merge traditional forms with 20th-century compositional techniques only served the purpose of fi nding new timbres and sound qualities. The author of the article emphasises the importance of the melodic element in Jabłoński’s works, where expressivity and emotion are anchored in the expression of the romantic spirit of beauty.