Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The relationship between the language and the national identity according to Ukrainian students of Polish origin

100%

Kijewska A.

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tom 39

267-283

EN

The article was written on the basis of the statements made by Ukrainian students of Polish origin recorded between 2001 and 2002. The speakers supported an opinion that was incomprehensible to most of the native speakers of Polish: one neither needs to know the mother tongue of a given nation nor speak it on a regular basis to feel a rightful member of the nation (the knowledge of Polish is not necessary to feel a Pole and, correspondingly, one does not need to speak Ukrainian to feel a Ukrainian). Therefore, contrary to what is generally believed, the language is not an indispensable component of national identity. Such a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of statements concerning the attitude towards Ukrainian in case of students declaring Ukrainian nationality and the attitude towards Polish in case of students declaring Polish nationality. The speakers' opinions on this subject vary depending on where they live in Ukraine. Regardless of that, the language may constitute a welding element for a multinational community. Such is the case with Russian among the Poles from the East studying in Poland though some of the students reject Russian as the national/official language in the country of their origin.

2

DYNAMIKA JAZYKA A DYNAMIKA TEXTU

80%

Kralčák Ľ.

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nr 5-6

315 – 321

EN

The article deals with the questions of the dynamics of a text in comparison with the dynamics of a language. Nowadays, the understanding of the concept dynamics is not problematic in the linguistics, and it may refer to a broad, historically conducted research. The question is how to understand the dynamics of a text, i. e. if there is any uniting principle which can serve as a support. A more detailed analysis shows that the collocation the dynamics of a text represents three different conceptual understandings: it is the dynamics of a thematic and compositional construction, the particular communicational dynamics, and the historical or development dynamics of a text. Finding of this condition refuses a possibility of defining one universal understanding of this concept.

3

SAMUEL BECKETT AND THE BORDERLINES OF MODERNISM

80%

Chorvathova M.

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nr 1

36-46

EN

The paper is focused on contact points of different paradigms in the works of Samuel Beckett (1906-989). Using the example of his early experimental prose (Murphy, 1938; Watt, 1944), the paper explores Beckett's problematic position in the context of the modernist project and the transition to postmodernism: the overlapping/fading of modernist optimism (the effort to erase the gap between the language and the objects denominates) and the rise of postmodern scepticism (the fundamental inadequacy of the language.

4

DOTYKY NEVÝSLOVNÉHO V ROMÁNOVEJ TVORBE SYLVIE GERMAIN

80%

Rybárová S.

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nr 3

54 – 69

EN

The work of contemporary French writer Sylvie Germain is often compared to a „silent symphony“. Whispered from the depths of being, Germain´s novels resonate with the richness, grandeur and poeticism of the language. Underneath the fetching words, a gentle murmur of the unknown rises. But how to capture the „chant of the end of silence“, that the author refers to in her easy „Les Échos du silence?“ The confrontation with God´s extremely reticent presence becomes the focus of Germain´s fictional characters, as well as impulse for the literary work. This interpretative analysis of selected experts from novels by Sylvie Germain is an attempt to identify typical expressive means of the „ineffable“. The study wants to be not only an illustration of the patient research for the expression of transcendent experience, but also a sincere look a tone particular literary testimony.

5

SONDA DO ŽIVOTA KRAJANOV V ŠPANIELSKU

80%

Barancová M. , Bírová J.

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nr 3

264 – 281

EN

The study focuses on content analysis of structured interviews carried out with Slovaks living in the territory of Spain in order to ascertain the extent of their contact with the mother tongue. The authors offer an overview about the situation of the Slovaks in this territory, present possibilities of forming their associations and approach the situation in which they use their mother tongue, as well as concentrate on the impact of the Spanish on their spoken language.

6

On the Assumptions of the Syntactical-Semantical Description of Natural Languages

80%

Karolak S.

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tom 39

219-228

EN

The article presents a list of assumptions, on which the concept of the syntax with the logical-semantical basics is grounded. In particular, it is stressed that the structure of syntax consists of two components. One component, which is higher in the hierarchy, constitutes a collection of concepts and a collection of the rules for their competitiveness; the second component, which is subordinate to the first one, consists of the collection of expressions/phrases and the rules for their competitiveness. The first component is of a general linguistic nature and the second component is of a specific linguistic nature. The logical-semantical assumptions of the syntax model are presented in detail on the basis of the Polish materials borrowed from the book entitled 'Podstawowe struktury skladniowe jezyka polskiego' (The Basic Syntactical Structures of the Polish Language). They constitute the basis for the project entitled 'Gramatyka konfrontatywna bulgarsko-polska' (The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar) and for the international Slavic project entitled 'Skladnia porównawcza jezyków slowianskich drugiej polowy XX wieku' (The Comparative Syntax of the Slavic Languages of the Second Half of the XX Century) carried out at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In accordance with the described syntax model, we have provided the descriptions of specific internal categories of proposal. The said descriptions constitute the semantical category of definiteness/indefiniteness and the semantical category of aspect which constitutes the categorical component of the above-mentioned The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar.

7

Granice rozumienia. Istota słowa na podstawie „W drodze do języka” Martina Heideggera

80%

Kula L.

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nr 2

43- 57

EN

Language and word – these notions were among of the most important representations in Heidegger’s thought. Heidegger wanted to find the meanings of these notions and thus join a great tradition, but he also wanted to delve into first philosophy to retrieve lost notions. This investigation focused on language as the differentiating human activity. But he also realized that language was a mystery from beyond anything human, which, nevertheless, needed humans to express itself. In short, I want to explain what is the metaphysical consciousness in this transformation. I argue that it is the examination of fundamental words that will reveal the condition of being human and of being in general.

8

NERIEŠITEĽNÝ PROBLÉM UNIVERZALIZMU V TUGENDHATOVEJ ANTROPOLÓGII

80%

Muránsky M.

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nr 10

800 – 812

EN

The article draws on Tugendhat’s idea of the twofold character of truth resulting from the twofold structure of self-conciousness. When asking the question Who is a person?, there is always our implicit self-evidence present. And from Kant on we also ask explicit questions, such as How do we want to understand ourselves? And What is better for us? This articulation of the problem – a product of Enlightenment – involves a rejection of the traditionally shared truth about a person. Therefore, Tugendhat’s project includes the transformation of an implicitly valid universe of meaning into explicitly justified positions. Wittgenstein’s arguing that when thematising the limits of language we cannot transcend these limits is used to show that Tugendhat’s efforts to explicitly articulate the universal structure of understanding of the concept of a human being as a whole does have its implicitly shared cultural determinations, too.

9

ZUR FACHLEXIK IN FRAUENZEITSCHRIFTEN AM BEISPIEL DER ZEITSCHRIFT COSMOPOLITAN

70%

Pelikánová E.

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nr 2

14 – 23

EN

The article explores the occurrence of the language for special purposes in women’s magazines, specifically the March 2014 German edition of Cosmopolitan. The Cosmopolitan is in the first place not a popular science magazine but a lifestyle magazine. Nevertheless there can be find articles with a scientific base. The article for the analysis describes a medical theme – the focus of the analysis belongs to the occurrence of the technical terms in the Cosmopolitan article “blutjung”, how the author uses this terms – the usage of synonym, explanation or definitions, the usage of examples.

10

STRATEGIES OF THE CONSTRUCTING OF CREDIBILITY OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN POLAND IN THE FACE OF CULTURAL-POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION AFTER 1989 YEAR (Strategie budowania wiarygodnosci Kosciola Rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce w obliczu transformacji kul

70%

Leszczynska K.

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tom 8

103-115

EN

The aim of my article is to answer to the question about methods of maintaining of credibility of the Roman Catholic church in Poland (understood as an institution). My presentation will be based on the research which included analysis of content of the official and unofficial documents of Roman Catholic Church in Poland (between 2000-2008) concerning the social problems related to the political and economic modernisation in the context of European integration process, especially discussion about European Constitution. In my article I will concentrate on presentation one of the strategy, that is: dichotomisation of the reality on the clearly distinguished 'we' and 'they'. Peter Berger stressed that in this strategy religious institution perceived new, pluralistic world in the cathegories of the threat religious order.

11

SKÚMANIE JAZYKA LITERÁRNEHO DIELA V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

70%

Vaňko J.

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nr 3

588 – 606

EN

The issue of the language of a literary work was at the centre of attention of the Slovenská reč journal from the very beginning of its existence. It was related to the efforts of the editors to establish the standard of literary Slovak and increase its culture in practice, with a special emphasis on the culture and purity of the language of literature. Therefore, the contributions about the language of the literary works of Slovak writers are mainly published in the years 1932-1939, i.e. in the period of the peak of the purist focus of the journal, clearly of a language-critical nature: they point out language errors, especially Bohemisms in the analysed literary texts. After 1945, when Slovenská reč as a journal for the Slovak language research definitively abandoned the position of purism, contributions about the language of a literary work are oriented towards a functional analysis and interpretation of the language of a literary text.

12

LIMITATIONS OF NON-GRICEAN APPROACHES TO THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN COMMUNICATIVE ABILITIES

70%

Włodarczyk M.

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nr 2

360 – 398

EN

In this paper, I examine two non-Gricean approaches to the evolution of human communicative abilities: Mitchell S. Green’s account of organic meaning and Dorit Bar-On’s account of expressive communication. I argue that the non-Gricean approaches in question face certain problems: i) they focus on the adaptive function of communicative behaviours and ignore questions about their mechanisms, ontogeny and phylogeny; ii) the notion of organic meaning does not constitute an intermediate form between natural and non-natural meaning but should rather be understood as a special case of natural meaning; iii) the non-Gricean approaches under scrutiny cannot explain the transition from dyadic to triadic communication. I also outline the differences between Gricean and non-Gricean approaches and argue against the usefulness of the non-Gricean approaches discussed in this paper in explaining the evolution of human communicative abilities.

13

WHITE FATHERS, ISLAM AND KISWAHILI IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY UGANDA

70%

Pawliková-Vilhanová V.

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nr 2

198 - 213

EN

Though present on the East African coast for nearly a thousand years, Islam only began its expansion into the interior in the nineteenth century. One of the most significant areas of Islamic penetration in East and Central Africa was the Kingdom of Buganda, where Islam predated the arrival of Christianity by several decades and secured a strong foothold. Buganda was won to Christianity amidst much turmoil and bitter struggle between the adherents of Islam and of two forms of Christianity, represented by Anglican Church Missionary Society and Roman Catholic White Fathers, for the dominant position in the kingdom. Despite severe defeats suffered in Buganda in the late 1880s and throughout the 1890s Islam recovered and survived as a minority religion. However, the latent fear of Islam influenced the language policy and ruined the prospects of Kiswahili in Uganda.

14

LINGUISTIC ELEMENTS AS GENERATED AND REFLECTED IN MODERN FRAGMENTED WORLD

70%

Todorova P.

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nr 8

678 – 686

EN

Based on research on the production of new linguistic elements, this article explores the ways in which we can trace the role of these new linguistic elements in the development of methodological interactions in the social sciences and humanities. This allows, on one hand, to trace and rethink the modern state of social processes, which are becoming increasingly dynamic due to the fragmentation and non-homogeneity of social formations. On the other hand, it opens possibilities for investigating the potential of language for heuristic transfer of concepts from one theoretical area to another, and for interdisciplinary interaction between knowledge from various disciplines that explore different typological issues. It also enhances new ways of developments of linguistic forms as well as the disciplines, which the latter influence by their creative presence.

15

POSUNY TOPOI NÁBOŽENSKÝCH POSOLSTIEV V MEDIÁLNOM SPRACOVANÍ

60%

Rončáková T.

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nr 2

72-96

EN

The study offers conclusions on research aimed at the transmission of religious messages through the media. The main research question, if media language is able to communicate religious messages, is analyzed by the author through the antique topoi, common ideas, fundamental convictions, on which the communicated messages are based and which guarantee their transmitting to the recipient and the effect on his or her thinking and doing. The author compares the topoi of the original religious messages in the church media and the religious messages processed in the secular media. She comes to certain findings as to their clear difference and synthesizes the derived topoi to related groups. There she indicates the main points of contradiction, the concurrence of the religious and media communicators, and offers certain starting points for thinking over the most effective forms of religious communication in the media.

16

OSOBITOSTI, POVAHA, JAZYK A SPÔSOB ŽIVOTA ORAVCOV POHĽADOM MATEJA BELA

60%

Sekerášová B.

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nr 2

5 - 18

EN

The Orava region, located in the northernmost part of Slovakia is significantly differs in climate conditions from other regions. Cold climate also heavily influences living conditions of local people. Back in the day it was typical for people living in this cold, mountainous, barren area to be humble and live modest way of life on the brink of misery and famine. The aim of the study is to present information about the local specifics of the way of life, language and traditional folk culture of the inhabitants of the Orava County, in Matej Bel’s work - Notitia Hungariae Novae historico-geographica („Historical and Geographical Knowledge of New Hungary“). We will view the facts contained in this work from an ethnographic angle in relation to population at that point in time, ethnicity its customs and traditions.

17

ANTOINE BERMAN'S PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION: THE POSSIBILITY OF TRANSLATING WITHOUT PLATONISM

60%

Lee H. , Yun S.-W.

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nr 4

336-346

EN

The paper surveys the problem of language and translation in Antoine Berman's pioneering achievements. This French philosopher of translation was deeply influenced not only by Schleiermacher, who affirmed the unity of thought and expression, but also by Benjamin, who drew attention to the formalism of the language. In Berman's view the essence of language lies in signifiers and letters. He criticized the Platonic view of language and translation which endows non-sensual, mental, and universal elements, with a higher ontological status. Thus Berman proposed a modern theory of translation without Platonism. Meanings can be realized through and within letters not only in the source language, but also in the target language. In this sense, Berman's philosophy of translation clearly reflects 'the achievements of modern semiotics' (P. Ricoeur). The paper criticizes the conception of translation as trapped within the logic of identity, which ignores the differences between, and the multiplicity of, languages as a result of a deep-rooted drive to obtain a universal meaning. The paper shows that Berman's philosophy reflects and accepts this multiplicity allowing thereby the logic of difference/otherness to flourish in translation.

18

POROVNANIE NÁRODNÝCH IDENTÍT UKRAJINY A SLOVENSKA (ZISŤOVANIE SPOLOČNÝCH A KONFLIKTNÝCH PERCEPCIÍ A STEREOTYPOV)

51%

Geremešová G.

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nr 1

27 – 46

EN

The study compares identities of the Ukrainian and Slovak ethnicities; they both contribute with their respective uniqueness to Europe – in a certain sense – as a supranational community as well as to Europe consisting of differences and regional connotations. The existence of both ethnicities in a historical sense is primarily related to the European macro-regions of East and West. In this context, Christianity fulfilled important cultural and civilizational functions; it determined people’s educational levels, morals, customs, etc. In this sense, the Ukrainian ethnicity archetypically identified with the Orthodox Christianity. The principle of caesaropapism, the superiority of the political power compared to the ecclesiastical power, as well as the principle of Catholicity brought into the nation’s “mentality” the elements of collectivism, communalism, obedience, respect toward authority, and heteronomous religious morals, which were later transformed to secular morals, i.e. party and state orders / bans. The Slovakians living in the Roman-Catholic / Evangelical Christianity partially acquired the cultural and civilizational heritage of the West. By separating the secular and ecclesiastical powers, the West enabled the rise of individualism, liberty, nation states, and human and civil rights; however, one cannot overlook Slovakia’s geographic position within Middle Europe, and therefore the backwardness of its society. Both Slovakian and Ukrainian ethnicities, and more precisely, their elites led the national emancipatory processes in multi-ethnic empires (Russia and the Habsburg Monarchy) with a single state nation; they had been confronted with the issue of the linguistic nationalism.