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EN
Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent bacterial ailments, affecting 10–15% of the global population, and eventually leading to tooth loss if left untreated. Shogaols obtained from ginger (Zingiber officinale) exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity. However, the antibacterial potential of shogaols against periodontitis remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 6-shogaol (6-SH) on various factors responsible for periodontitis such as inflammation. Escherichia coli endotoxin was used to induce experimental periodontitis, and the effects of 6-SH on hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, myeloperoxidase activity, and lipid peroxides were estimated together with cathepsin B, cathepsin D, β-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and C-reactive protein activity in serum. In addition, the levels of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase were estimated in serum after 6-SH treatment. Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide levels were significantly reduced in the 6-SH-treated group. Moreover, lysosomal enzyme (cathepsin B, cathepsin D, β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase) and acute-phase protein (C-reactive protein and fibrinogen) levels significantly declined after administration of 6-SH. Meanwhile, non-enzymatic antioxidant systems (e.g., ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, ceruloplasmin, and reduced glutathione) and antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly increased in the 6-SH-treated group. These results suggest a protective effect of 6-SH against experimental periodontitis via the regulation of key disease markers.
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Content available remote The activity of cathepsin D and alpha-1 antitrypsin in hip and knee osteoarthritis
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EN
The progress of cartilage decay during joint degeneration is not well monitored with biochemical methods. The role of cathepsin D (CAT-D) in articular cartilage deterioration remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the activity of CAT-D and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in blood in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. The activity of CAT-D and AAT in blood serum of 40 women and 21 men with hip or knee osteoarthritis was determined before total joint replacement, on the tenth day after surgery, and once in 54 healthy patients. The preoperative activity of CAT-D in patients with osteoarthritis was lower by 53.6% (11.00 ± 4.54 10-2 nM released tyrosine/mg protein/min, P < 0.001) and after surgery by 55.0% (10.67 ± 4.64 10-2 nM released tyrosine/mg protein/min, P < 0.001) when compared to its activity in healthy patients. There was no significant statistical difference between CAT-D activity before the surgery and its activity on the tenth day after it in the analyzed group (P< 0.496). Simultaneously, the preoperative activity of AAT in the OA (osteoarthritis) patients was by 25.5% (0.93 ± 0.32 mg inhibited trypsin/ml blood serum, P < 0.001) and postoperative was by 44.9% higher (1.26 ± 0.36 mg inhibited trypsin/ml blood serum, P < 0.001) than in healthy patients. The low CAT-D activity in osteoarthritis of big joints is associated with a decrease of cartilage cells during the degenerative process. The higher activity of acute phase protein AAT in OA patients' blood serum confirms the inflammatory component in the osteoarthritis process.
EN
Background. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of winter bath after physical exercise on the activity of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and selected lysosomal enzymes: arylsulfatase (ASA), acid phosphatase (AcP) and cathepsin D (CTS D) in healthy males’ blood. Material and methods. 22 males participated in two session of aerobic physical exercise. After one session the subjects rested in room temperature while after the other session they bathed in cold water (3 minutes, 8ºC; experiment 2). During each stage they had blood taken from the basilic vein prior to physical exercise and 2 and 20 minutes after the exercise. The activity of AAT, ASA, AcP and CTS D was assayed in blood serum. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA test. The changes at the level p<0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results. A statistically significant increase in AcP and CTS D activity was found as well as a decrease in AAT activity following physical exercise and resting at room temperature as compared with the activity of the assayed parameters prior to physical exercise. Conversely, no statistically significant differences in protease inhibitor activity (AAT) and lysosomal enzyme activity were noted after physical exercise and cold water bath as compared with their activity measured prior to 30-minute long physical exercise. Conclusions. Hot water bath applied after physical exercise increases the stability of lysosomal membranes and may result in a decrease of post-exercise muscle damage.
PL
Wstęp. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu kąpieli w zimnej wodzie zastosowanej po wysiłku fizycznym na aktywność α1-antytrypsyny (AAT) oraz wybranych enzymów lizosomalnych: arylosulfatazy (ASA), kwaśnej fosfatazy (AcP) i katepsyny D (CTS D) we krwi zdrowych mężczyzn. Materiał i metody. 22 mężczyzn poddano dwóm sesjom 30-min. aerobowego wysiłku fizycznego. Po jednym z nich mężczyźni odpoczywali w temperaturze pokojowej, podczas gdy po drugim poddano ich kąpieli w zimnej wodzie (3 min, 8ºC; doświadczenie 2). W każdym z etapów krew pobrano trzykrotnie z żyły odłokciowej: przed wysiłkiem fizycznym oraz 2 i 20 min. po zakończeniu wysiłku. W surowicy krwi oznaczono aktywności AAT, ASA, AcP i CTS D. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej za pomocą testu ANOVA. Zmiany na poziomie p<0,05 uznano za istotne statystycznie. Wyniki. Wykazano istotny statystycznie wzrost aktywności AcP i CTS D oraz obniżenie aktywności AAT po wysiłku fizycznym i odpoczynku w temperaturze pokojowej w porównaniu do aktywności oznaczanych parametrów przed wysiłkiem fizycznym. Nie odnotowano natomiast istotnych statystycznie różnic aktywności inhibitora proteaz (AAT) oraz oznaczanych enzymów lizosomalnych po wysiłku fizycznym i kąpieli w zimnej wodzie w porównaniu z ich aktywnością przed 30-minutowym wysiłkiem. Wnioski. Kąpiel w zimnej wodzie zastosowana po wysiłku fizycznym zwiększa stabilność błon lizosomalnych i może skutkować zmniejszeniem powysiłkowych uszkodzeń mięśni.
EN
To evaluate a possible mechanism of stress-induced lymphopenic effect we assessed the activity of lymphocyte lysosomal enzymes (LE) under immobilization. The effects of immobilization stress on LE (AP, acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and L, ß-N-acetyl-glucosamidase) activity in lymphocytes, number of lymphocytes and plasma cortisol (COR) level in the peripheral blood were examined in the cross-bred Pietrain pigs showing genotypic (presence or lack of RyR1 gene mutation) and phenotypic (reactivity to halothane) differences. It was found that immobilization stress evoked an increase in LE which was concomitant with lymphopenia and a rise of COR level. The most pronounced enhancement of LE, which may reflect a tendency to lymphocyte cytolysis, was found in the recessive homozygotes RyR1 (nn) phenotypically defined as stress/halothane susceptible as well as in the heterozygotes RyR1 (Nn) included in the group of stress/halothane resistant. Despite this individual variability the stress-induced increase in LE activity was present in all the animals. It seems that a possibility of destruction (lysis) of lymphocyte cells should not be excluded as one of the causes of stress lymphopenia.
EN
Cathepsin D is a cysteine endopeptidase that belongs to the lysosomal enzyme family. The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzyme immunoexpression and activity in selected male genital organs in mature Wistar rats. The activity of cathepsin D was measured spectrophotometrically in homogenates of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed in the ductus deferens. Enzyme activity was found in the following sequence: testis>epididymis>dorsal prostatic lobe>seminal vesicle>lateral prostatic lobe>ventral prostatic lobe. Although there were differences in enzyme activity between various organs of the male reproductive system, cathepsin D immunoreactivity was seen exclusively in the Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testis.
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