Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O polskim stereotypie Afryki oraz jego zmienności

100%

Chodubski A.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2006

|

tom 3 - Kontakty polsko-afrykańskie. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość

13-37

EN

The problem of the Polish stereotype of Africa and its change- ability is interpreted on the basis of the research conducted among c.a. 1000 students educated in Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia (e.g. Gdańsk University, Technical University in Gdańsk). The findings of the research disclosed that young generation of Poles had revealed quite big interest towards African problems, both to the past, present and future. But their knowledge on Africa functions in images of mythos and stereotypes which are created and propagated by mass media in less extent by school education. Important function in widening knowledge on the Continent plays development of Polish contacts with African countries (employment of Poles on contracts, creation of Polish Diaspora centers and visits of Polish tourists). Among young Polish generation functions positive picture of Africa and its cultural specificity. African reality is experienced as exotic and worth to get to know. But from the point of development of Civilization, Africa comes to light as backward, poor with many pathological problems of the continent.

2

Afryka w klasycznej i współczesnej myśli geopolitycznej

100%

Klin T.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2010

|

tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

85-112

EN

In the article Africa's position in the achievements of the main representatives' geopolitical thought has been described. In the period until 1945 considerations about this continent as an object of expansion were preferred, it was also emphasized Africa's little significance in the context of a lack of sufficient power on the global scale. An interesting exception has been created by Halford Mackinder, who called a major part of Africa "Southern Heartland" - a territory recognized as difficult to conquest and control by sea powers. In the modern geopolitical thought more attention has been paid to marginalization of Africa, what is a consequence of the lack of essential centres of power, economic weakness, and not completely formed separate African civilisation. Another considered aspect was the main lines dividing the continent. They coincide in the high degree with the common division into North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.

3

Przestrzeń religijna w Afryce. Islam - pomiędzy religią a ruchem spoęcznym - praktyka dnia codziennego

100%

Podyma K.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2010

|

tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

49-67

EN

Islam as a religious term is quite unclear when we talk about its principles in Western Africa. This region is a specific example of overlapping influences, religions, cultures and ideas. Potentially, in the context of New York 2001 dramatic events, 'Africa should answer' as S. Huntington describes it in his famous work. African presence was completely surprising, when it showed its own way of treating Osama Bin-Laden and the Fundamentalist theory. Mixture of influences for ages gave this part of continent a special kind of tolerance and „ecumenical" co-existence of cultures and religions. In such conditions, Black Muslim, self-created by the natural fitting and the dialog with the local tradition, worked out its own rules and religious standards. The article tries to describe the designates of common Muslim behaviors in the context of contemporary African everyday life. As the support, the author uses the rules of five pillars of Islam: Shahada (Profession of Faith), Salat (prayers), Zakat (Giving of Alms), Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). These five practices are essential to Sunni Islam which is the base of Black Muslim. The result of the reflection is the statement of diversity and heterogeneity of the African Islam. Islam's rules, principles and duties were confronted with the power of traditional religions and cultures and this confrontation gave the African Islam a new face - totally inhomogeneous and full of local, specific solutions. While considering the character of Black Islam one should speak about its duality found between "bush" and "scholar" versions. Scientists talk about the exceptional, autonomic character of religious activities. The sources of observations and opinions are confirmed by the interviews collected during the scientific expeditions organized by Municipal Museum in Żory, where the author works.

4

Granice, terytorium i przestrzeń w Afryce według Achillesa Mbembe

100%

Bichta T.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2010

|

tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

113-124

EN

Contemporary Africa is a very specific expanse where territories and boundaries always played major role. The shape of boundaries is one of the main problems in African countries since long time. Boundaries imposed by colonist countries often didn’t mirror the real divisions and differences on relevant territory. These days many scientists notice a huge value of boundaries and territories on African continent. One of them is Achille Mbembe - theorist of post colonialism, African issues expert and the author of some well-known political essays. According to Mbembe a boundary is not always the end, it's often just the beginning of wide-ranging consequences in behaviour of some objects of foreign affairs. Colonialism and its results are in his opinion the first factor that impacted and still does on territorial situation in Africa. The second is a regional integration that is nowadays happening in Africa. Mbembe marks out three parts of African continent and pays attention to some connections among them. In his opinion every region, every area has its use and can be domesticated even if is regarded as marginal. Africa is constantly pulling itself apart and taking on new shapes under the combined effects of demography, massive urbanisation and the economic, military and religious ambitions being pursued.

5

Afrykańskie dzieło papieża Jana Pawła II

100%

Łatak K.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2006

|

tom 3 - Kontakty polsko-afrykańskie. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość

229-237

EN

The article refers to very crucial element of the pontificate of the John Paul II, his engagement in Catholic Church matters in Africa, and his wider concern of African people. Before showing different forms of the engagement of the John Paul II, the situation of the contemporary Catholic Church in Africa was presented. The Pope expressed his interest on Africa and its citizens in many ways. During his pontificate he made 14 pilgrimages to the African continent (in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2000) and visited 42 countries. On the international scene he was an advocate of African people and supported initiatives which could solve political, social and economic problems of the continent (especially military conflicts, hunger, diseases e.g. AIDS, economic injustice). In the end of article synthetic depiction of results of the engagement were characterized.

6

Przywództwo lineażowe w Afryce - między imperatywem krwi a wymogiem tradycji

100%

Pawlik J. J.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2008

|

tom 7 - Przywódcy i przywództwo we współczesnej Afryce

53-70

EN

In most simple societies it is possible to find different forms of the political power. Apart from the usual exercise of the power as government of the common matters, inside these groups the politics concerns the socialization of the youths preparing them to their social functions, the confrontation and adaptation of the interests of the group and the communication of the symbols. Outside the groups the politics of the lineage authority defends the integrity of the group and regulates the relationship between different lineages of the neighbourhood. The lineage authority bases on the kinship and the territory. The author presents the dynamic structure of the lineage and different factors having influence on the power of line- age authority. First, it is the kinship and the age hierarchy which cause the continuous change in lineages through the process of segmentation and fusion. Then, it is the territory which constitutes another important element of authority because its property remains in hands of the head of the whole lineage. Next, the author exposes the role of the ancestors as warrants of the political order and in the end he shows that the marriage as a contract between two segments or lineages can be an important means of political influence. The lineage authority disposes of sufficient political instruments to wield power without any coercive means.

7

Kolonie niemieckie w Afryce w świetle polskiej historiografii

100%

Pawłowska A.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2010

|

tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

263-278

EN

German politics against colonies has been significantly modified for over two centuries of its history. In the first period, from the end of the 17th to the end of 19th century, its character can be described as economical. To win the market for the products of their industry, German traders set up merchant posts. This situation changed in 19th century, when the other European countries started to set up their colonies in Africa, gaining wider and wider ground and exploiting them without scruples. Germany, to keep abreast, joined the race for the ground and profits. Up to the end of the First World War German officials and soldiers tried to make the local people subservient, treating them like the narrow-minded and primitive, and destroying their culture and tradition. However their oft-cruel practices stayed in the general trends of the attitude European countries against their colonies and aborigines.

8

Czy kupujesz "Cisowiankę"? Garść refleksji na temat polskiej pomocy dla krajów Afryki

80%

Nadolska-Styczyńska A.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

353-366

EN

The subject of the article is the level of interest that Polish students show for issues of humanitarian aid, organized in Poland for the current needs of Africa. The author decided to verify the conviction arising from her own observations that the degree of knowledge and commitment for this topic, among Polish students, is rather low. Therefore, she conducted a survey in three academic centres, among students representing four faculties in humanities (98 respondents). Unfortunately, the results confirmed her initial observations. In this group, knowledge about the scope and nature of Polish humanitarian aid for Africa was pour and shallow. In addition, the author drew attention to the low level of interest for this issue, presented by the respondents. However, the author believes that the undertaken study is worth continuing, for instance, with respect to reasons for this situation.

9

Polityka Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej wobec państw Afryki: strategia pięciu zasad

80%

Gemechu D. K.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2008

|

tom 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość

157-176

EN

This article focuses on the new policy of China towards Africa. Over the past 50 years, Sino - African relations was based on ideological reasons, but in recent years, rather there is the growing interest of economic factors. The new strategy of five principles, designed as the guide line to cooperate with African states is to fulfil this goal. These include: mutual respect, for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence. The ultimate goal of this principle is based on diplomatic offensive to strengthen political, economic and strategic relations with African countries. This strategy is motivated by great demand of energy for the booming economy of China, which led to seek oil and other raw materials from Africa. The China - Africa cooperation Forum was established in 2000. The cooperation forum was the result of collective dialogue to promote peace and development based on mutual benefit. The second Ministerial Conference of the China - Africa cooperation Forum that was held in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), in December 2003, adopted the Action Plan (2004-2006) to be implemented within three years. The two sides have further agreed to step up their high-level exchanges and political consultations and will also jointly work on the issues of peace and security, trade cooperation, cultural exchanges and to enhance coordination in international affairs. So far, the leaders of Africa are satisfied with cooperation, which guarantees them to keep them in power; on the other hand for the vast majority of the people of Africa, the new power is not better than those of the colonial power. Recently, Chinese economic expansion is growing very fast in Africa. Traditional economic partners of the continent are worried about the situation. Competition among economic powers to retain their position may undermine the issues of human rights and democracy.

10

Walka z biedą, korupcją i priorytety obronności. Dylematy współczesnej Afryki

80%

Gemechu D. K.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

67-85

EN

Africa is one of the richest continents in natural resources, and yet its people are the poorest on this planet. The causes of poverty in Africa are based on various factors. The main cause is the lack efficient management of public property by corrupt and irresponsible leaders. Unfortunately it's a continent where government authorities enjoy luxury life and ordinary citizens starve. Every year Africa loses 148 billion USD because of corruption. National proper- ty is treated as the private ownership by many African leaders. Mostly leaders focus on how to safeguard, prolong their span of reign and keep their private interest. Resources are mostly diverted for the building of complex security systems, such as military, police and secret security services which is consider as their top priority. Military expenditure and political corruption have direct or indirect effect on poverty. African leaders and their allies in the Western world, banking systems which save looted money from Africa are partly responsible for the enlargement of poverty in Africa. Eradication of poverty in Africa declared by many African countries, seems to be unrealistic. Exploitation of national treasure by leaders for their private purposes, could be considered as the series problem for the development of Africa. This Article tries to analyze relations between eradication of poverty, political corruption and priority given for military expenditure by African rulers to safeguard their own interests ignoring all inclusive national development.

11

Bogactwo i bieda w Afryce - aspekty ekonomiczne, efekty społeczne i kulturowe

80%

Szupejko M.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

35-66

EN

Wealth and poverty in Africa are phenomena perceived in the modern world as the most drastic symptoms of social polarisation. These phenomena are defined by indicators. The following indicators have been used in this article: development index - HDI, poverty index - HPI and also gender index - GDI. However, behind the numbers there is a reality that is far more complicated. Hence, in order to see an objective picture of a society we mustn't forget that all indicators show only an average. The reality is quality of life: actual earnings, place of stay, chances for a professional and social promotion, and barriers in the access to education, welfare, and health care. The article focuses on facts that render it impossible to end poverty permanently.

12

Problem ubóstwa we współczesnej Afryce w nauczaniu społecznym Kościoła katolickiego

80%

Romejko A.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

127-165

EN

The social teaching of the Catholic Church is a doctrine on matters of poverty and wealth, economics, social organization and the role of the state. The principles of Catholic social teaching are: human dignity, love, truth, freedom, justice, solidarity, subsidiarity, participation, preferential option for the poor and vulnerable, dignity of work and the rights of workers and care for God’s creation. Several organs of the Holy See are dedicated to social issues, among others the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Although blessed with a wealth of natural resources, Africa is the poorest continent. Poverty is understood in many different ways, but most commonly it is described as an economic condition where one lacks both money and the basic necessities that are needed to successfully survive. Many people in Africa still live in abject poverty because of bad governance, corruption and human irresponsibility. Many Africans are also victims of diseases such as AIDS and malaria. In this situation the Catholic Church can play a critical role by advocating for economic justice and eradication of poverty from Africa. The Catholic Church in Africa, which calls herself the Family of God, undertakes many actions against the poverty, such as: education, health, aid to the needy, development projects, defence of human rights, and the commitment to bring about democracy and legally constituted states. Making his first trip to Africa, Pope Benedict XVI said the Catholic Church can help to bring an answers to the continent's chronic problems, including poverty, AIDS and tribalism.

13

Social media jako narzędzie ewangelizacji i komunikacji w Kenii

80%

Makuła M.

Studia Ełckie

|

2019

|

tom 21

|

nr 4

471-488

EN

The Catholic Church in Africa develops, the number of believers grows, as does the number of priestly and religious vocations. That is why it is important to research the new communication trends in Africa in order to help the Catholic Church in its evangelization mission. Young priests, consecrated and lay people in Africa more and more often take advantage of social media in their work. The research was conducted using a questionnaire method and a free interview method. In order to execute the research in a precise and reliable manner, a trip to Kenya and Nairobi for a few weeks was organized. The research question was to determine how the Catholic Church in Kenya could make better use of social media for information, promotion and evangelization purposes. The research would be a contribution to the professionalization of published content in social media by people actively involved in the Catholic Church in Kenya.

14

Suwerenność żywieniowa - problem nie tylko kontynentu afrykańskiego

80%

Jaremczuk E. J.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

87-108

EN

The food crisis is doubtlessly the most dramatic symptom of global economic refraction. It does not rival the quantity of dollars in this field of losses, but the tens of the millions of human menaced existences hunger death and the millions of these, which run before the hunger as an immigrants for a better life to unknown and unfriendly world. The defeat of the hunger still depends on the present level of the production of the food. The problem is especially important for contemporary Africa.

15

Образ Туниса в автодокументальной и художественной литературе русских эмигрантов «первой волны»

80%

Eltsova E.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

|

2021

|

tom Tom 2 Nr XXVI

11-27

EN

The article reviews the cultural and axiological image of the North African country of Tunisia in the autodocumentary and literary fiction of the “first wave” Russian emigrants. On the basis of memoirs by Vladimir Berg, Nikolai Knorring, Irina Knorring, and Roman Gul’s essays on the Civil War dedicated to their stay in Tunis, the author describes the main motives of the immigrants’ perception of Africa and highlights their dichotomous characteristics (dream – reality, desolation – home, restraint – freedom). This image includes both Old Testament allusions to exile/exodus and schematic representations of the outlying continent; it actualizes the theme of Russia as the lost home. For some authors, Tunisia became a “Russian corner”, where their service to a future Russia took place, a place of awareness of the loss of their homeland. For others, it became a constraining bondage, an “unfreedom”, a place of alienation leading to the loss of meaning of life.

16

Afrykańskie ubóstwo w polityce Unii Europejskiej

80%

Zajączkowski K.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

269-304

EN

It is evident how disproportions between the underdeveloped South and economically developed countries have been increasing over time, especially seen in the context of processes of globalisation and internationalisation of contemporary international relations. At present it is impossible to give a reasonable, informed answer to the question whether those countries have a chance to overcome their development barriers. Still, the task of solving the problems is also a challenge faced by the entire international community and it undoubtedly influences the EU’ external policy. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the essence of the European Union's development policy. It scrutinizes the principles and functioning of the EU development policy as well as its challenges and obstacles. The author presents also the role and position of Poland in shaping EU policy outside Europe has been also presented. The author specifies the main challenges facing Polish foreign policy towards developing countries. The article aims to verify the assumption that the 1990s and early 21st century marked a significant revaluation of the European Union's development Policy towards Africa. On one hand, EU development policy is becoming more crucial and comprehensive in character. On the other hand, the current premises of EU development policy do not fully match the real needs of African (developing) countries.

17

Afryka na łamach Newsweeka, Polityki i Wprost w latach 2001–2010

80%

Tlałka K.

|

2014

|

tom 57

|

nr 1

94-118

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze the manner in which the chosen Polish weekly news magazines – Newsweek, Polityka and Wprost – presented Africa in the years 2001–2010, mainly the problems of its current situation and prospects for the future, as well as the issue of the most prominent leaders of the continent. Using two research methods – content analysis and discourse analysis – the author establishes that none of the magazines published articles about Africa in a systematic planned manner. The magazines focused mainly on political and security issues. Economy, societies and religions were also on the agenda but to a lesser extent. The problems of the continent were often presented through the activities taken by the dictators – Muammar Gaddafi and Robert Mugabe. As far as the perspectives of Africa for the future are concerned, the most critical and pessimistic was Wprost, whereas Newsweek and Polityka took a more optimistic approach to the issue.

18

Polityczne implikacje epidemii AIDS w Afryce

80%

Strzelecka-Węklar D.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2012

|

tom 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne

721-732

EN

It passed already over thirty years that the first information on the new deadly decease emerged (between 1980 and 1981). Undoubtedly, the AIDS epidemic changed the life styles in most countries and societies of the world (especially in the United States and in Europe). On the other hand, it is interesting that in case of many African countries (especially the South Africa where the number of HIV-positive is the greatest in Africa), the life styles of the population (for instance use of contraception) changed very little only. At the same time, relatively low economic position (GNP) of most of the African countries results in many economic, social and even political problems caused by the AIDS epidemic. It is important to notice that every 2 in 3 HIV-positive person live in Africa (South of Sahara desert). The late Colonel Gaddafi in Libya used even the AIDS question in international political relations - against some of Bulgarian nurses. Undoubtedly there are many factors of such the bad situation of Africa in respect of AIDS epidemic: bad financial situation, problems with medicines, many military conflicts, the discrimination of women, many economic migrations and some local cultural situation.

19

Afryka wobec podziału świata na bogatą Północ i biedne Południe w perspektywie ostatnich 200 lat

80%

Solarz M. W.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2011

|

tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

167-184

EN

The paper discusses the place of Africa in the context of North-South. It shows new criteria of North-South regionalization (quality of life understood both in socio-economic and political sense) and argues that Mauritius is the only African state belonging to the global North. Nevertheless the paper shows also differences and contrasts in level of economic and socio-economic development in African as part of the global South, arguing that some of them are very visible, even more than Brandt line.

20

Does China’s Aid in Africa Affect Traditional Donors?

80%

Deyassa K.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

|

2019

|

tom 23

|

nr 1

199-215

EN

China’s role as an emerging aid provider and the concept of a social plan in Africa has led to polarised responses in the West. Several say that this “productivist” strategy is much less determined by the concepts of citizenship, legal, social rights, and much more regarding building functions. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the welfare and social policy ideas that characterize Chinese aid in Africa are influencing traditional donors and becoming global. The article utilised a qualitative study that has two main components. First, a comprehensive content analysis of over 50 key Sino-African, Chinese and Western policy documents from 2000 (since cooperation between Beijing and African countries first became institutionalised). Second, there were semi-structured interviews with Chinese, African and Western stakeholders in Addis Ababa, (Ethiopia), who was directly involved in the relationship between China and Africa and related development issues. The result of documentation and interview analyses show that there are currently significant differences between Chinese and Western approaches. China has made much stronger and more explicit links between development aid and economic activity than most Western donors. The aid is usually implemented through specific projects rather than broader programs or policies.