Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Soupis pomístních jmen na Moravě a ve Slezsku, jejich druhové znaky, příprava a koncepce lexikografického zpracování (v letech 1964-1993):

100%

Šrámek R.

Národopisný věstník

|

2010

|

tom 51

|

nr 1

10-46

EN

In the early Sixties, a unique project (both from the organizational and scope perspectives) was started based on the decision of the Topographic Board acting under the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences – all minor place-names from across the whole Czech language-speaking territory were to be collected. For Moravia and Silesia regions, the project was executed by the Czech Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences (Brno). Surveys and interviews were run in all municipalities with the historically proven Czech origin. The lists of minor place-names from 96 % of all municipalities, i.e. 225,000 records, were acquired. Typology approach was used to explain the available records in 34,000 dictionary entries. The project concept was based on the unified theoretical and methodological approach. The essay starts with the explanation of the project idea and related logistical provisions. Then, a general definition of the “minor place-name” concept is given followed by the terminology used, by the description of the categorization and classification-related problems, and by the overview of previous researches done namely by the historians. In the next sections, the methodology of minor place-names collecting and processing (i.e. compiling alphabetical, local, object-based, retrograde catalogues), creation of dictionary entries, their types and structures, as well as that of the explanation of the minor place-names is provided. Structure-type classification of the minor place-names is described. This project gave a birth to many studies in the area of the generic theory of onomastics (e.g. model analysis, propria naming act, propria areals, etc.). Some pieces of knowledge were formulated in these studies for the first time.

2

Funkčný člen „rodinné meno“ v modelovej interpretácii živých osobných mien vydatých žien v Papradi

100%

Kazík M.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

133-146

EN

In this article we characterize the functional element “name of the family” in the unofficial personal names of married women in Paprad settlement (a part of the town Stará Turá, west Slovakia). This is the second most frequent functional element and it represents 22,36 % of all functional elements. 61,6 % of functional elements “name of the family” has not the identical anthropobase with the surname, that is pointing to greater independence of the official naming. We distinguish “name of the family” with anthropobase a) identical with the anthropobase of the surname, b) identical with the anthropobase of the “name of the house”, c) different from the anthropobase of the surname and the anthropobase of the “name of the house”. Moreover the functional element “name of the family” does not need to be identical with unofficial personal name of the family as the separate family name.

3

Funkce literárních chrématonym (s využitím příkladů z her Divadla Járy Cimrmana)

100%

Kojetínová M.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

158-166

EN

The article is based on an analysis of chrematonyms which are used in fifteen plays written for the Jára Cimrman Theatre. Firstly the article deals with the difficulties with the analysis of this group of literary proper names. The main part of the article discusses the use of the functions of literary chrematonyms. Last part discusses real chrematonyms and fictitious chrematonyms.

4

Jména zvířat ve skautských přezdívkách

100%

Kvíčalová M.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

181-186

EN

We carried out a research in Czech scout groups in 2009 and we obtained rich linguistic material (1 000 nicknames). This paper discusses scout nicknames that have got inspired by animals. This type of scout nicknames is relatively frequent (18 %). We have tried to characterize them and show their diversity. The work was supported by the grant SW 2014-267402.

5

Literární vlastní jména a jejich překlad

100%

Dvořáková Ž.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

81-91

EN

Literary onomastics should pay more attention to the problem of translation of proper names in literature. In translation practice we can see three general attitudes: domestication (substitution of original names by Czech ones), exotization (leaving of original names unchanged because of their exotic atmosphere) or a mix of these methods (some names are translated, some are not). 1 have described several methods of translating proper names: caique (word-for-word translation), transcription (representing a name from one script in another), substitution (change of an original name), explication (adding of information) and generalization (change of a proper name into a common noun).

6

Nazewnictwo miejskie, a wiejskie mikrosystemy toponimiczne

100%

Czaplicka-Jedlikowska M.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

53-60

EN

a1_The direct inspiration for my assessment of currently created rural toponymic microsystems was the change in property numbers and the naming of old country paths in my district of Koronowo and in the neighbouring district of Osielsko. New road and street names in rural areas are an addition to the toponymic resources. Having analysed selected examples of street names from rural toponymic microsystems, I observed a high repeatability rate. In the district of Koronowo, this refers to 30 names, and in the district of Osielsko to as many as 40! Consequently, the level of toponymic differentiation is low in these areas, both in terms of tradition and the organization of the social and cultural setting. The engagement of users in the naming process is minimal. A new trend is the domination of arbitral names, which constitute as many as 50 % of all road names in the district of Koronowo and nearly 80 % in the district of Osielsko. It is a testament to poor qualifications of the officials, who initiate the creation process of this system. They have difficulty in communicating with local residents with regard to the creation of the rural toponymic microsystem — being a new phenomenon as opposed to the long-established urban toponymy. It is a pity that they do not cooperate with linguists, onomasticians or historians of the region. Usually, the semantic and structural features used in new rural names are those that are common in the urban naming system. This means that the names of streets and roads (sometimes very small ones!) are - as can be seen in the examined material - a selective import from the urban culture. They do not fully express the character of the area, as they fail to make any reference to its historical or cultural heritage, despite the fact that these areas boast interesting historical backgrounds, related, for instance, to the struggle for independence in various periods, and are also full of geographical points of interest. Compared with politically-driven names of streets and new natural features (e.g. new lakes in the village of Kręgle, or the Grabina Park and the Wyczółkowski Grove), names commemorating historical events or topographical changes would simply have an associative value.

7

Onomastyka w służbie zdrowiu, czyli o nazwach handlowych suplementów diety. Rekonesans badawczy

100%

Tomasik S.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

305-314

EN

This article presents proper names of Polish dietary supplements. The analysis demonstrates that the ways of nominalisation are based on onymisation and transonymisation, applied to different types of proper names. The presented classification is based on motivational models. The author attempts to answer the following questions: Who uses such names? Do those names carry any information?

8

Historické aspekty urbanonymie Mnichova Hradiště

100%

Procházková L.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

210-236

EN

The study describes the historical development of urbanonyms in a small Czech town Mnichovo Hradiště in the 19th and 20th centuries. The first chronological part describes the major development trends, the second part applies several approaches to classification of urbanonyms. The names of streets were affected by political changes: each political regime preferred a different semantical type of the name.

9

Poznámka k přechylování příjmení v současné češtině

100%

Hlubinková Z.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

118-120

EN

The contribution deals with the feminization of surnames in contemporary Czech. In particular, it takes notice of names of the type Karolina Peak in which case their bearers have their surnames in the masculine form in concord with conditions of the registry law. After the wedding the bearers of two surnames can have the shared surname in the same form (the type Romana Jákl Vítova) provided that they also comply with the conditions.

10

Seskupení přechýlených a podobných příjmení užívaných v České republice pomocí počítačového zpracování dat z registru obyvatel

100%

Šebek J.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

280-289

EN

Most strings of female surnames registered in the Czech Republic are lexically different from related male surnames. This article provides a method of grouping surnames by similarity and computing surname frequencies for these grouped surnames. The method reduces the 251,723 registered surname variants to 142,586 groups. Grouped surname frequencies can be used for linguistic research of similar surnames, determining geographic distribution of surnames, or by researchers which require surname frequencies irrespective of gender.

11

Výslovnost maďarských jmen u českých mluvčích : korespondence předchozí znalosti a realizované výslovnosti

100%

Jílková L.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

121-132

EN

This article illustrates the tendencies in pronouncing selected Hungarian names by Czech speakers. When choosing the names, two mam criteria were considered: 1) that the names were likely to be familiar to Czech speakers and simultaneously 2) that they contained a sound with problematic pronunciation. The selected names were incorporated in test sentences, which the respondents recorded on a voice recorder. The number of respondents was 65. After the recording, the respondents marked the names they had already known. The aim of my analysis was to find the extent to which previous knowledge influences pronunciation. In most cases, respondents with previous knowledge were more successful compared to those without any knowledge and achieved the appropriate pronunciation more frequently when employing the principle of phonological approximation, e.g. Sándor Petöfi [ſa:ndor pεtε:fi] and sometimes when employing the original pronunciation, e.g.[ſa:ndor pεtæ:fi]. However, in the case of the toponym Harkány, surname Rákóczi and first name Lajos, the previous knowledge did not play any role, and both groups of respondents pronounced these names almost equally, most frequently [harka:nı], [raikotſi], [la:joſ]. The most frequent principle employed was the spelling (graphic) pronunciation, e.g. Frigyes [frıgıjes], Sólyom [so:lıjom], Arany [aranı], Harkány [harka:nı], including a variety of modifications such as frequent changes in the vowel length, e.g. Sándor [sa:ndo:r]. Respondents without any previous knowledge of the names often showed a wide range of , pronunciation varieties.

12

Chrematonymy in literary texts - illustrated with short stories by Bohumil Hrabal and Ota Pavel

86%

David J. , Davidová Glogarová J.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

61-68

CS

Text se zaměřuje na chrématonyma a jejich funkcí ve vybraných literárních textech dvou českých autorů, Bohumila Hrabala a Oty Pavla. Zatímco v Hrabalových povídkách chrématonyma vytvářejí kontrast šedivé současnosti komunistického režimu padesátých let к pestrosti předválečného života, v prózach Oty Pavla slouží jako evokace vzpomínek na šťastné dětství a mládí prožité v Praze a u řeky Berounky.

13

Arranging the onymic space in Dante Alighieri´s Divine comedy : a classification for part Inferno

86%

Kalashnikov A.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 56

93-104

EN

The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) whose 750th anniversary is celebrated in 2015 represents a most interesting model of universe combining it with the allegory of the political situation in Tuscany in the eye of the Trcento society. The book is also famous for an extensive number of the names of notable people and places known in the poet´s time. The paper is going to be a study of the onymic space involving personalia and place names in part Inferno of Dante´s Divine Comedy and an attempt to present the worldview of the early 14th century through the proper names used in the poem. The classification-based onymic analysis based on the may show that Dante´s work is special among other masterpieces of the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance as it established a literary tradition of making references to current events incorporating the names of real people and places.

14

Osobní jména v učebnicích matematiky

86%

Tomanová L.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

350-356

EN

The article is based on the author’s thesis that was defended at the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno in 2013. The aim of the work was to analyze personal names from chosen textbooks of mathematics and compare them with popular names in years when the textbooks were published. At first the article presents goals of the work and written sources. Then the author analyzes personal names in selected schoolbooks which were published by publishing houses Fortuna and Prometheus, putting emphasis on the frequency of names, origin of names and hypocorictics. Finally, the author tries to understand why authors of textbooks have used those names. Then she compares the results with popular personal names.

15

Nazewnictwo przestrzeni fantasy w grze MMORPG Kroniki Fallathanu 2

86%

Domaciuk-Czarny I. , Herbut P.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

69-80

EN

The article focuses on proper names in a text-based computer game Fallathan Chronicles 2. It discusses MMORPG games, and fantasy space that influences onymy in the game. The proper names in the game bear a close resemblance to proper names known from fantasy literature. Thus, it may be concluded that the central category for analysis of such names is space. The main classes of names that appear in the game include geographical names and the names of various creatures — both humans and characters belonging to different races (for instance elves and dwarfs). Proper names are employed to emphasize the otherness of the presented world; therefore, the authors of the game often introduce foreign words and phonemes. They also use the so-called name generator to create words that are random combinations of syllables. The article discusses main functions and forms of onyms and provides motivations behind using proper names. The analysis points to intertextual functions of some of the names.

16

Broumy a pomístní jména

86%

Klimtová B.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

147-157

EN

In this paper, we discuss minor place-names of the Broumy villages and especially their usage in various social groups and changes of names over time. First, we introduce conditions for the collection and retrieval of the respondents, then we highlight on the basis of material obtained, some specific phenomena, whether in the form of specific language name, or depending on the individual speakers. The analysis of these names use the older sources, Teresian land-register and the collection of minor place-names from the territory of Bohemia deposited in the Department of Onomastics of the Institute of the Czech Language ASCR and the Czech Language Atlas.

17

O motivaciji і istorijskom razvoju promena imena današnjeg Grada Ćuprija u Srbiji

86%

Nikolić M. , Nikolić V.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

198-209

EN

This paper discusses the motivation and historical development behind the name change of the Serbian town Ćuprija, located at the confluence of the Ravanica and Velika Morava. Microtoponymy shows that the large lowland river was crossed in several traditional ways in the past: (a) people crossed the river in a place called “brod” (ford), (b) they crossed over by ferry, (c) there was a pontoon bridge and (d) a wooden, or stone bridge (ćuprija) was built; and the settlement built there would get a different name, depending on the significance it had for that area, or it would be named after the object used to cross the river at the time. Historical sources and contemporary onomastics confirm that there were several layers of civilization, depending on the invaders who held this territory since ancient times, and peoples who lived here in turns were the Romans, Avars, Huns, Byzantines, Slavs, Turks and Serbs. The motivation behind the name has affected the town’s name changes: (1) Roman settlement Horreum Margi (horreum — granary, Margi — Morava), (2) Byzantine town Horreum Planum (planum - plain), (3) medieval Serbian town Ravno (ravan - plain), (4) Turkish town Hisar Morava (hisar - town), Köprü, (4) the name of the town today is Ćuprija (after the orientalism: кöргü - ćuprija, bridge).

18

Lidové výklady českých příjmení

86%

Dvořáková Ž.

Národopisný věstník

|

2022

|

tom 63

|

nr 2

379-396

EN

This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpretations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family.

19

O urbanonymických systémech pražských sídlišť a o obecných otázkách orientace v sídlištních prostorách

86%

Kojetínová M.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

167-180

EN

This paper deals with the names of streets and other public places in Prague housing estates that came to existence between 1945 and 1989. In the most of them urbanonyms make systems, so the paper is concentrated to the systems of urbanonyms. Furthermore, the text discusses the orientation in spaces which were created during the development of housing estates.

20

Slovenské terénne názvy vo Vaňarci v Maďarsku

86%

Valentová I.

Acta onomastica

|

2016

|

tom 55

315-331

EN

The paper deals with characteristics of Slovak anoikonyms and Hungarian anoikonyms that were adapted into the Slovak language from the Hungarian village Vanyarc. The village was founded by Slovak colonists after the Turkish occupation. The list of studied anoikonyms includes all recorded variants of the name, the interpretation of its origin, the meaning of a common noun or a proper name the name in question originated from, word-forming suffix that created a name, folk etymology (if revealed by research) and onymic motivation. The author analyzes how the Slovak anoikonyms function in communication, mainly in Hungarian language environment, how they have been maintained or adapted from the phonetic, morphological or word-formation points of view. The anoikonyms are also categorized according to the scheme of basic structures of Slovak anoikonyms. The material obtained and processed can be further used in areal and digital processing of Stovák anoikonyms.