Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Research of Leaching of the Printed Circuit Boards Coming from Waste Mobile Phones

100%

Lisińska M. , Saternus M. , Willner J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2018

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tom Vol. 63, iss. 1

143--147

EN

The continuous changing technologies of electronic devices, mainly mobile phones cause that their life is shorten from year to year (even to 8-12 months); that is way there is a constantly increasing amount of generated waste. Such waste treatment to recover mainly copper and other base metals should be really profitable. The process of metals recovery could be done using different methods including pyro- and hydrometallurgical process. The paper describes the research of leaching process of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) coming from waste mobile phones. As a leaching agent sulfuric acid was used with addition of hydrogen peroxides. Experiments were carried out for different temperature, acid concentration and addition of hydrogen peroxide. As a result the concentration of copper, zinc, iron and aluminium in the obtained solution was measured. The results were discussed.

2

Development of a hydrometallurgical technology for production of metals from kghm Polska Miedz S.A. concentrates

100%

Chmielewski T.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2015

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tom Vol. 51, iss. 1

335--350

EN

Rapidly declining quality of copper concentrates produced by Lubin Concentrator of KGHM Polska Miedz SA, having very low content of Cu, high content of Pb, As and organic carbon as well as significant contents of Ag, Co, Ni, Zn, Re, V and Mo, makes the concentrates difficult-to-process by flash smelting. Currently hydrometallurgy, using sulfuric acid in the presence of iron(III) and oxygen as a leaching medium for base metals and chloride leaching for silver and lead, seems to be an alternative for pyrometallurgy. The goal of the work is to discuss main aspects of the necessity of application a new hydrometallurgical technology, based on different unit operations, including non-oxidative atmospheric, chloride and pressure leaching, recovery of Pb and Ag, separation of Cu and accompanying metals from PLS and arsenic neutralization. The unique lithological, mineralogical and chemical properties of the process feed were discussed in details. The results of laboratory investigations performed at the Wroclaw University of Technology and assumptions of the process scale-up for acquisition of data for full scale technology were summarized. Planned investigations on the pilot plant scale will provide technical and economic data for a pre-feasibility study of the future hydrometallurgical plant.

3

A novel method to extract vanadium from vanadium-bearing steel slag using sodium carbonate solution

100%

Gao M. , Xue X. , Li L. , Yang H. , Bai R. , Wang H.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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tom Vol. 54, iss. 3

911--921

EN

A new method using sodium carbonate solution to treat a vanadium-bearing steel slag is proposed. The effects of the particle size, solid-to-liquid ratio, initial concentration of sodium carbonate solution, leaching temperature and stirring speed on the leaching rate of vanadium were investigated. The leaching kinetics of vanadium from the vanadium-bearing steel slag was studied, which indicated that the leaching rate was controlled by the step of diffusion through the solid layer around the unreacted core. The apparent activation energy for the process was 13.75 kJ/mol. By using this process, vanadium could be extracted effectively with the leaching rate of more than 80%.

4

Extraction of uranium from low - grade Polish ores : dictyonemic shales and sandstones

100%

Frąckiewicz K. , Kiegiel K. , Herdzik-Koniecko I. , Chajduk E. , Zakrzewska-Trznadel G. , Wołkowicz S. , Chwastowska J. , Bartosiewicz I.

Nukleonika

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2012

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tom Vol. 57, No. 4

451-459

EN

Leaching studies were performed to develop a suitable method for extraction of uranium from domestic uranium ores: dictyonemic shales and sandstones. The extracting procedure was composed of successive separation steps: crushing and grinding, acid or alkaline leaching, solid-liquid separation, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses of post-leaching solutions. The influence of such process parameters as temperature, pressure, particle size of solid material, kind of leaching solution and its concentration, on the recovery efficiency of uranium and accompanying metals were tested. The efficiency of uranium leaching with sulphuric acid solution achieved 81%. Satisfactory results were obtained for the alkaline leaching process. It was found that uranium can be selectively extracted by the alkaline leaching solution. Almost complete extraction of uranium from sandstones was achieved when a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, with hydrogen peroxide as a leaching solution was used.

5

WinUrbo dla platformy .NET - nowa implementacja, nowe możliwości

100%

Kunstman A. , Urbańczyk K.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2010

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tom T. 36, z. 3

459-464

6

Copper Extraction from Complex Waste Dumps by Biochemical Leaching Method

100%

Koizhanova A. , Magomedov D. , Abdyldayev N. , Kamalov E. , Yerdenova M. , Bakrayeva A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, nr 10

283--290

EN

The article presents the research results for the effectiveness of copper extraction from ores of the Satpayev deposit with complex, mixed composition bacterial leaching. The experiments with pre-acidification of copper samples were performed using biological oxidation by A. Ferrooxidans bacterial culture, adapted strain. Biochemical opening moes of mineral raw materials using A. Ferrooxidans bacteria of a particular strain adapted to the copper waste composition and capable of oxidizing sulfide and iron-bearing minerals were worked out. The optimal growth conditions for microorganisms in copper mineral pulp medium were established (temperature, pH, S: L.) The highest leaching efficiency, up to 88.65%, was observed in the experiments with preliminary bio-oxidation of samples by A. Ferrooxidans bacterial culture.

7

Optimization of laterites leaching by application of sequential design of experiments

100%

Ochromowicz K. , Leśniewicz T.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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tom Vol. 54, iss. 2

343--354

EN

The sequential designed experimentation was applied for leaching of Ni-Fe-Mg containing serpentine ores. The experiments were arranged in two sequences, according to the 2IV4-1 fractional factorial experimental design. Six factors were examined, i.e., the material sample, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), acid type and its concentration, leaching temperature, and stirring speed. The analysis of variance was used to establish the relation between tested factors, their interactions, and metals recovery. All the derived empirical models were of prime statistical importance. The obtained results showed that the recovery of Ni was dependent mainly on the material sample, the concentration of acid as well as their interaction, and temperature. The recovery of nickel at the optimal leaching conditions was high (93%). The dissolution of other metals was below 84% (Fe) and 54% (Mg).

8

Solvent Extraction of Co, Ni and Mn from NCM Sulfate Leaching Solution of Li(NCM)O2 Secondary Battery Scraps

100%

Hong H. S. , Kim D. W. , Choi H. L. , Ryu S.-S.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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tom Vol. 62, iss. 2B

1011--1014

EN

As a part of the study on recycling Li(NCM)O2 lithium-ion battery scraps, solvent extraction experiments were performed using different extraction agents such as PC88A, Cyanex272 and D2EHPA to separate Co, Ni and Mn from the leaching solution. When the ratio of Mn to Ni was about 0.4 in the leaching solution, the separation factor for Co and Mn was found to be less than 10 so that the separation of Co and Ni was insufficient. When solvent extraction was done using the solution with the lower Mn/Ni ratio of 0.05 where Mn was removed by potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide, more than 99% of Mn could be extracted through five courses of extraction using 30vol% D2EHPA while the extraction rates of Co and Ni were around 17% and 11%, respectively. In the case that Mn was removed from the solution, the extraction rate of Co was higher than 99% whereas less than 7% Ni was extracted using Cyanex272 suggesting that Co and Ni elements were effectively separated.

9

Metody dynamicznego ługowania zanieczyszczeń z odpadów mineralnych jako próba określenia rzeczywistego ich oddziaływania na środowisko

100%

Rosik-Dulewska C. , Karwaczyńska U.

Karbo

|

2002

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tom Nr 10

299-305

PL

Celem badań prowadzonych w warunkach statycznych i dynamicznych było ustalenie podatności na ługowanie składników rozpuszczalnych, zawartych w popiołach, a tym samym określenie ilości i rodzaju zanieczyszczeń mogących oddziaływać na grunty, wody podziemne i powierzchniowe, w przypadku składowania odpadów na powierzchni ziemi. Popioły lotne wykazująróżnąpodatność na uwalnianie z nich składników rozpuszczalnych w zależności od warunków ługowania. Głównymi substancjami wymywanymi z analizowanych popiołów (w szeregu malejącym) są: siarczany, jony wapniowe, sodowe i chlorkowe; natomiast z pierwiastków śladowych Cr, Cd i Pb . Wymywalność pozostałych pierwiastków jest nieznaczna. Eluaty z badanych popiołów charakteryzują się podwyższonym odczynem oraz przekraczającą dopuszczalne stężenia w stosunku do norm dla ścieków wprowadzanych do wód lub do ziemi zawartością niektórych jonów (SO(4)(-2), Cr(3+), Cd(2+), Pb2+), co prowadzi w konsekwencji do negatywnego wpływu na środowisko wodne w rejonie składowania odpadów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzić należy, iż przy wstępnej ocenie wpływu składowisk popiołów na środowisko za bardziej wiarygodną można uznać metodę dynamicznego ługowania, prowadzoną w czasie rzeczywistym.

EN

The goal of the study leaded in static and dynamic conditions was to determine the susceptibility to leaching of soluble ingredients content in ash, that is, to assess the mount and the type of pollutants which could affect soils, groundwater and surfacewater during landfilling on surface. There is difference in susceptibility to releasablance of soluble ingredients from ash depending on conditions of leaching. Sulphate, ions: Ca, Na, Cl and also Cr, Cd, Pb are the main ingredients leached from this ashes. Susceptibility of remain elements is slight. Ash leachates showed highering pH and higher than acceptable (standard for sewage moved into water or ground) level of ions such as: SO(4)(-2), Cr(3+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+). To evaluate influence of ash landfill on environmental, the more reliable method of leaching is dynamic leaching, leaded in real time.

10

Hydrometallurgical removal of uranium and thorium from Ethiopian tantalite ore

100%

Cheru M. S. , Albertodel Rosario A. V. , Yimam A. , Tadesse B. , Berhe G. G.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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tom Vol. 55, iss. 2

448--457

EN

This study focused on the leaching of uranium and thorium from a high grade Ethiopian tantalite ore using sulfuric acid. The effects of variables such as acid concentration, temperature and leaching time were studied. In general, the leaching efficiency of uranium increases with increasing temperature from 100 to 300°C whereas the opposite trend was observed for thorium. The amount of uranium leached increased from 69.1% at contact time of 1 hr to 88.6% when the tantalite ore was leached for 3 hrs. On the other hand, for the experiments conditions considered in this study, the leaching behavior of uranium and thorium did not change significantly with varying sulphuric acid concentration from 70 to 90 wt%. Overall, the highest dissolution of uranium and thorium were achieved at 100°C, 70 wt% H2SO4 concentration and 1 hr contact time.

11

Precipitation of jarosite as a purifying procedure of the solution obtained after leaching of zinc secondary material

100%

Jarosiński A. , Przybyła A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2010

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tom 12

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nr 4

36-39

EN

Zinc oxide derived from processing of the slime obtained in an industrial process of electrolytic zinc obtaining was leached with the aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The effect of temperature and time on the extent of leaching was determined. The conditions lead to zinc recovery of about 90%. It was found that the extent of arsenic leaching did not depend upon the time and temperature of leaching. Next the conditions of the solution purification procedure were determined. It was found that jarosite formation as well as the degree of arsenic removal is connected with trivalent iron concentration in the solution.

12

Leaching of zinc from low grade oxide ore using organic acid

100%

Irannajad M. , Meshkini M. , Azadmehr A. R.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2013

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tom Vol. 49, iss. 2

547--555

EN

The leaching of low grade zinc oxide mining tailings by organic acid as a leaching agent was investigated. Zinc was extracted successfully from sample by citric acid leaching. The effects of solid-to- liquid ratio, acid concentration, reaction time, temperature and ore particle size on the leaching efficiency were studied. The results obtained showed that particle sizes and reaction time had not any significant effect on the leaching recovery of zinc from smithsonite in the sizes range of 40-350 μm. Under conditions: temperature of 80ºC, reaction time of 60 min, citric acid concentration of 0.5 mol/L, and solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, 82% of zinc could be recovered.

13

Evaluation of PCL and PCL/HAp scaffolds processed by electrospinning and porogen leaching techniques

100%

Rajzer I.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2011

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tom Vol. 14, no. 103

4--7

EN

In order to improve the pore size of the polycapro-lactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HAp) nanofibrous scaffolds, salt-leaching technique together with electrospinning method were applied. Salt particles were incorporated within the polymer nanofibrous matrix and then were leached out to generate some macropores. Microstructure, pore size distribution and average fibre diameter of the scaffold were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and PMI capillary flow porometer. Mechanical properties were determined by means of tensile test. Presence of hydroxyapatite and chemical characterization of the scaffold were done by FTIR analysis.

14

Sedimentological and technological studies of Abu Tartur black shales, Western Desert, Egypt

100%

Sediek K. N. , Amer A. N.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2001

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tom Vol. 35

141-152

EN

Newly conventional combination of sedimentological and technological studies aid in estimation of the resource potential of the Upper Cretaceous clays of Duwi Formation Abu Tartur plateau Western Desert, Egypt. This formation consists of interbedded black to Grey shale, phosphatic and glauconitic sandstones. The granulometric, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses were carried out on the black clays, which provided detailed information about textural parameters, composition and paleoenvironment of deposition The technological studies of black shale is new for its interesting enrichments in various rare metals as nickel , chromium and vanadium . This investigation is a laboratory study for extraction of vanadium from black shales by hydrochloric acid processing to produce leach solutions of vanadium, aluminum and magnesium chlorides. The effects of various factors affecting the leaching process such as temperature, acid concentration, particle size and stirring speed as well as the kinetics of the leaching process were studied. The most favorable conditions for the extraction of the vanadium present in the black shale are temperature 100° C, acid concentration 6 M by weight, grain size 17 žm and leaching time 90 min.

PL

Badania sedymentologiczne i technologiczne miały za cel oszacowanie potencjalnych możliwości wykorzystania czarnych iłów ze złoża Abu Tartur leżącego na pustyni zachodniej w Egipcie. Złoże to zawiera czarny przechodzący w szary łupek, glaukonitowy i fosforanowy piaskowiec. Zostały przeprowadzone analizy granulometryczne, mineralogiczne i geochemiczne czarnych iłów. Wyniki analiz dostarczyły dokładne informacje o teksturze, składzie i paleosrodowisku złoża. Badania technologiczne czarnego łupka zostały przeprowadzone z uwagi na bogatą zawartość w nich metali rzadkich takich jak nikiel, chrom i wanad. Badano w skali laboratoryjnej, proces ekstrakcji wanadu kwasem solnym, otrzymując roztwór zawierający chlorki wanadu, glinu i magnezu. Wpływ różnych parametrów takich jak temperatura, stężenie kwasu solnego, uziarnienie nadawy, prędkość mieszania, na kinetykę procesu ługowania został przebadany. Najlepsze warunki ekstrakcji wanadu z czarnego łupka uzyskano stosując temperaturę 100oC, stężenie kwasu solnego 6M, granulację nadawy 17 žm i czas ługowania 90 minut

15

Peat and lignite leaching process with tetralin in autoclave to produce oil

100%

Depci T. , Karta M.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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tom Vol. 54, iss. 2

334--342

EN

Instead of directly burning a lignite having low calorific value and peat, the Elbistan lignite (L) and the Adiyaman peat (P) were mixed and leached in an autoclave to obtain an oil to not only provide the demand for energy but also protect the environment. The effects of the peat ratio in the mixture on the properties of co-liquefaction products (oil, char, asphaltene, and preasphaltene) and oil yield were investigated in details. The products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and elemental analysis. In addition, the composition of the oil was identified by GC/MS, showing that the peat ratio did not affect the chemical composition of the oil due to the high lignin content and the nearly same elemental compositions. On the other hand, the oil yield for a co-liquefaction process was found as 34.3% to be higher than the average value of oil yields obtained from the individual feeds (24.3% for lignite and 28% for peat), showing the synergistic effects between the lignite and peat. The obtained oil was paraffinic-low waxy oil with 5138.62 kcal/kg of calorific value and 0.94 g/cm3 density. Finally, it was suggested that the production of a more valuable product using the peat and the lignite having low calorific value will not only contribute more to the country's economy in future but also be better for the environment, instead of directly burning them.

16

Hydrometallurgical treatment of hazardous copper Cottrell dusts to recover copper

100%

Alguacil F. J. , Regel-Rosocka M.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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tom Vol. 54, iss. 3

771--780

EN

Copper flue dusts, or copper Cottrell dusts, from three types of copper smelting furnaces were leached with different ammonia-based reagents (ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate and aqueous ammonia solutions) to dissolve the oxidised copper species via the formation of copper-ammonia complexes, so that most of the copper-accompanying metals, especially iron, remained in the solid residue. Such copper-bearing dusts are not only valuable secondary source of copper but also are considered as hazardous materials and cannot be dumped as such. Therefore, two procedures for copper dust treatment are proposed, one of them includes ammonium-based leaching, liquid-liquid extraction with LIX 860 (aldoxime), LIX 84 (ketoxime) or LIX 54 (β-diketone) and electrowinning to grade A copper cathode. The other one covers also ammonium-based leaching followed by cementation with zinc to copper cement as a final product.

17

Recovery of trace elements with uranium and thorium from yatagan thermal power plant fly ashes by leaching

100%

Kursun I. , Ozkan S. G. , Kilic A. , Terzi M. , Enkhtaivan N.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2016

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tom Vol. 52, iss. 2

588--596

EN

In this paper, characterization of fly ashes obtained from the Yatagan Thermal Power plant, Mugla, Turkey was performed in order to determine their radioactive element contents, especially uranium and thorium. The representative fly ash samples were subjected to hydrochloric acid (HCl) leaching considering solid concentration, acid dosage, leaching time and temperature in order to reach certain uranium and thorium recoveries. The obtained results showed that the optimum conditions for leaching tests were: 30% solid concentration, 2.36 mmol/dm3 HCl addition, 240 min leaching time and 40 oC temperature. Dissolution efficiencies for uranium and thorium from the Yatagan Thermal Power Plant fly ashes were calculated as 90.12 and 81.18%, respectively.

18

The recovery of rare-earth metals from fly ash using alkali pre-treatment with sodium hydroxide

100%

Żelazny S. , Świnder H. , Jarosiński A. , Białecka B. , Żelazny S. , Świnder H. , Jarosiński A. , Białecka B.

|

nr 3

19

The Effects of Microwave-Assisted Leaching on the Treatment of Electric Arc Furnace Dusts (EAFD)

100%

Laubertova M. , Havlik T. , Parilak L. , Derin B. , Trpcevska J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2020

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tom Vol. 65, iss. 1

321--328

EN

In this study, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of microwave-assisted alkaline leaching on the treatment of electric arc furnace dusts to recover zinc and lead. Microwave treatment is a new innovative technology in waste treatment and now is an attractive advanced inter-disciplinary field and also environmental friendly. The highest zinc extraction, 50.3% in 60 minutes using 5 M NaOH at 750 W and L:S ratio 20, and lead extraction up to 92.84% was achieved in these same conditions but in 30 minutes. Compared with conventional leaching, the top extraction rate using MW-assisted leaching was higher by 16% (Zn) and 26% (Pb). Zinc presents in the flue dust in the form of franklinite (ZnFe2 O4 ), its leaching in sodium hydroxide does not occur under the examined conditions, because it is enclosed in a matrix of iron.

20

Studies on hydrometallurgical processes using nuclear techniques to be applied in copper industry. 2. Application of radiotracers in copper leaching from fl otation tailings

100%

Rogowski M. , Smoliński T. , Pyszynska M. , Brykała M. , Chmielewski A. G.

Nukleonika

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2018

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tom Vol. 63, No. 4

131--137

EN

The use of radiotracers in the present study is intended to replace traditional steps of metal quantitative analysis (solution sampling and instrumental chemical analysis) and to allow real-time measurements of metal concentrations during the leaching process. In this study, 64Cu, an isotope of copper, was selected as a radiotracer. Samples of copper flotation tailings were irradiated in the Maria research reactor (Świerk, Poland) and mixed with an inactive portion of the milled flotation waste. The leaching process was carried out in a glass reactor, and the radiation spectrum was measured using a gamma spectrometer. The material was then treated using various acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and ascorbic acid) in a wide range of their concentrations. Experiments with the radiotracer were conducted in sulphuric and nitric acids. The amount of the leached metal (copper) was calculated on the basis of the peak area ratio in the gamma-ray spectrum of the activated tailings and standard samples. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also used to analyse the metal content. Maximum recovery of 56% Cu was achieved using 9 M HNO3, whereas the recovery was lowest for ascorbic acid (1%). Both analytical methods were compared, and the results presented in this paper are in good agreement with radiometric measurements obtained using ICP-MS analysis.