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EN
Despite great advances in new technologies for breeding and rearing fish, little progress is noted in prophylactic technologies for spawners, particularly those used in carp rearing. The condition and non-specific immunity of males and females has a decisive impact on the quality and fertilization of spawn, on the course of rearing larvae and fry in the first weeks of life, and on the subsequent stages of rearing. The aim of the current study was to determine the level of lysosome and ceruloplasmin activities and on the level of gamma globulin in the females of three carp lines reared in Poland- starzawski, zatorski, and węgierski. The results of the study indicated unequivocally that the highest non-specific humoral immunity potential was noted in the females from the starzawski line. The highest statistically significant levels of lysosome and gamma globulin activity were noted in selects from this line in comparison to those of the zatorski or węgierski lines. However, no significant differences were noted in the ceruloplasmin activities or total protein levels among the lines studied. This informs the direction of further study, which should focus on identifying lines and their cross-breeds that have the highest potential immunity to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.
EN
Abstract - 5 protein systems, i.e. transferrin and esterase of blood serum, LHD, SOD, and Hb of blood cells (8 loci), were investigated in four Polish breeding lines of carp, i.e. 2, 3, 6, and St. Polymorphism was found for Tf*, EST-1*, LDH-B1*, and SOD-2* loci. Only line 3 was in a condition of genetic balance with regard to the investigated loci. On the basis of the frequency alleles the homo- and heterozygosity of the lines was calculated. The highest degree of homozygosity was shown by line 3 and the lowest by line 2.
PL
Przedstawiono genetyczną charakterystykę czterech polskich linii hodowlanych karpia: 2, 3, 6 i St, z których trzy pierwsze posiadają udokumentowane rodowodem co najmniej 5 pokoleń chowu w bliskim pokrewieństwie (ryc. 1-3). Zbadano 5 układów białkowych transeryny i esterazy surowicy krwi, LDH, SOD i Hb krwinek (8 loci genetycznych). Loci Tf*, EST-1*, LDH-B1* i SOD-2* wykazały polimorfizm (tabela II). Polimorficzne wzory badanych układów przedstawiono na rycinie 4. Linia 3 nie wykazała zachwiania równowagi genetycznej, natomiast linie: 2 pod względem lokus LDH-B1*, 6 we wszystkich trzech analizowanych loci i St w lokus Tf wykazały brak równowagi genetycznej (tabela I). Na podstawie frekwencji alleli wykazujących polimorfizm obliczono homo- i heterozygotyczność badanych linii. Najwyższy stopień homozygotyczności prezentowała linia 3, najniższy - linia 2 (tabela III, ryc. 5). Porównanie otrzymanych wyników z badaniami z lat wcześniejszych wykazało niestabilność struktury genetycznej linii hodowlanych. Stwierdzono duży stopień zróżnicowania genetycznego pomiędzy liniami, spowodowany dryftem genetycznym i selekcją naturalną.
EN
Angular leaf spot caused by bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans is a very common cucumber disease, which causes serious yield losses. The objective of this study was to examine the selected cucumber lines regarding their resistance to this pathogen. Twelve cucumber lines bred at the Research Institute of Horticulture were evaluated and compared with the resistant inbred line GY 14 and the susceptible cv. ‘Wisconsin SMR 18’. Plants were inoculated under controlled conditions at cotyledon stage (experiment I) and at leaves stage (experiment II) with the highly aggressive strain of P. s. pv. lachrymans BO 1537. Dis-ease severity was scored 8 days after inoculation using a nine-point rating scale (9 – no symptoms or a few pin-point lesions; 1 – damage up to 100% of leaves). Distribution of plants across severity classes and low variation coefficient indi-cate that all evaluated cucumber lines showed rather good uniformity in their re-spective degrees of resistance to this pathogen. All the materials tested presented lower disease severity in cotyledons stage than in leaves stage. It was also noted that greater differentiation among the lines in regard to their resistance to the bacteria was observed in the leaves stage. Two lines PW 2 and PW 7 exhibited the highest resistance against P. s. pv. lachrymans and can serve as a useful source of this trait in future breeding efforts.
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