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1
Content available remote Effects of organic compounds on the macroalgae culture ofAegagropila linnaei
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EN
The effects of the impact of four organic compounds (ascorbic acid, biotin, glucose and sucrose) on ash, protein, fiber, fat and amino acid contents in the freshwater Aegagropila linnaei biomass were examined in 7 and 14 days of cultivations in high concentrations of tested compounds (100 mg L-1). The presence of examined organic compounds had a negligible effect on the development of algae and their biomass composition. There were no significant differences in the amino acids composition in the biomass in the presence of organic compounds compared to the test system. However, the increase in ash content was observed irrespective of the cultivation time in the case of all used organic compounds. Only slight differences in crude fat concentration were observed in the case of 7 days cultivation with ascorbic acid, biotin and sucrose, while the highest increase of ash content was observed after 14 days of supplementation with glucose. None of the compounds affected changes in amino acid content in the Aegagropila linnaei biomass. The results suggest that an environment enriched with the test organic compounds had only minimal, or at most short-term, effects on the algal biomass composition.
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86%
EN
Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we performed dynamic force measurements of the adhesive forces in two model systems: avidin-biotin and streptavidin-biotin. In our experiments we used glutaraldehyde for immobilization of (strept)avidin on the tip and biotin on the sample surface. Such interface layers are more rigid than those usually reported in the literature for AFM studies, when (strept)avidin is coupled with biotinylated bovine albumin and biotin with agarose polymers. We determined the dependence of the rupture forces of avidin-biotin and streptavidin-biotin bonds in the range 300-9600 pN/s. The slope of a semilogarithmic plot of this relation changes at about 1700 pN/s. The existence of two different regimes indicates the presence of two activation barriers of these complexes during the dissociation process. The dissociation rates and activation energy barriers, calculated from the Bell model, for the avidin-biotin and streptavidin-biotin interactions are similar to each other for loading rates >1700 pN/s but they are different from each other for loading rates < 1700 pN/s. In the latter case, the dissociation rates show a higher stability of the avidin-biotin complex than the streptavidin-biotin complex due to a larger outer activation barrier of 0.8 kBT. The bond-rupture force is about 20 pN higher for the avidin-biotin pair than for the streptavidin-biotin pair for loading rates < 1700 pN/s. These two experimental observations are in agreement with the known structural differences between the biotin binding pocket of avidin and of streptavidin.
6
72%
PL
Dzięki dużej specyficzności tworzenia się kompleksu awidyna-biotyna i jego trwałości, awidyna wykorzystywana jest jako sonda molekularna w wielu układach badawczych. Istnieje wiele technik laboratoryjnych stosowanych w celu oczyszczania białek bądź wykrywania i ilościowego oznaczania substancji takich jak peptydy czy przeciwciała, często są jednak one kosztowne i wymagają pełnej uwagi operatora. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie możliwości zastosowania ISFET jako czujników służących do wykrywania obecności awidyny.
EN
Due to the specificity of the formation of the avidin-biotin complex and its stability, avidin is used as a molecular probe in a grat deal of research systems. There already exist laboratory techniques used to purify proteins, or to detect and quantify substances such as peptides, antibodies and hormones but they usually require pricy equipment and a full commitment of the operator. The aim of this work is to determine the possibility of using ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET) as sensors for detecting the presence of avidin.
EN
The endogenous rhythm of sporulation occurring in Penicillium claviforme differs from the non-circadian one. 1. The rhythm period is long being equal to 30 h in cultures grown in light. In darkness, sporulation is uniform. 2. The rhythm is maintained for 3-5 periods, and then it vanishes which is caused by desynchronization of the hyphae. 3. Synchronization is resumed after photocycles become employed (Piskorz-Bińczycka and Jerebzoff. 1989). 4. The rhythm may be induced in darkness by supplying a certain dose of light energy. 5. The rhythm is sensitive to some components in the nutrient medium: a) asparagine as an agent strongly controlling the periodicity is responsible for the maintenance of the rhythm for a 3-week period. Asparagine controls also the length of the rhythm period, however it does not induce rhythm in darkness; b) biotine is responsible for shortening the rhythm period; c) avidin effects the length of the rhythm period and the regularity of the newly formed rings; d) the amino-acids used did not permit complete elimination of an addition of yeast extract to the nutrient medium the concentration of which was reduced to 50%.
EN
Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we performed dynamic force measurements of the adhesive forces in two model systems: avidin-biotin and streptavidin-biotin. In our experiments we used glutaraldehyde for immobilization of (strept)avidin on the tip and biotin on the sample surface. Such interface layers are more rigid than those usually reported in the literature for AFM studies, when (strept)avidin is coupled with biotinylated bovine albumin and biotin with agarose polymers. We determined the dependence of the rupture forces of avidin-biotin and streptavidin-biotin bonds in the range 300-9600 pN/s. The slope of a semilogarithmic plot of this relation changes at about 1700 pN/s. The existence of two different regimes indicates the presence of two activation barriers of these complexes during the dissociation process. The dissociation rates and activation energy barriers, calculated from the Bell model, for the avidin-biotin and streptavidin-biotin interactions are similar to each other for loading rates > 1700 pN/s but they are different from each other for loading rates < 1700 pN/s. In the latter case, the dissociation rates show a higher stability of the avidin-biotin complex than the streptavidin-biotin complex due to a larger outer activation barrier of 0.8 kBT. The bond-rupture force is about 20 pN higher for the avidin-biotin pair than for the streptavidin-biotin pair for loading rates < 1700 pN/s. These two experimental observations are in agreement with the known structural differences between the biotin binding pocket of avidin and of streptavidin.
EN
In Penicilium isariiforme there occur two endogenous rhythms: the growth-“wave” rhythm and sporulation rhythm in the form of coremia-bearing zonations. The growth rhythm of wave type occurring in P. isariiforme in light and in darkness is an endogenous spontaneous rhythm, whereas the sporulation rhythm manifested by the formation of spore-bearing coremia zonations represents an analogue induced rhythm. For this rhythm to occur a light impulse is necessary. The growth-wave rhythm has a long period 120 h, the sporulation rhythm has a 30 h period. Asparagine seems to regulate the sporulation rhythm; but it does not exert any greater influence on the wave rhythm in cultures grown in light nor in darkness. An addition of asparagine shortened the period of first zonation by a few hours, and the successive sporulation periods followed within very short time. Inhibitors such as: avidin. chloramphenicol, cycloheximide and puromycine controlled the length of the period of the sporulation rhythm.
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