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tom 71
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nr suppl. 3
143 – 153
EN
The article is devoted to new finds of cast early medieval lead rhombic cross pendants decorated with crosshatched ornament from Moravia, which are regarded as Taufgeschenke – christening gifts. It is likely that these artefacts were meant to evoke the schematised body of the Saviour. In the vast majority of cases, they are part of necklaces belonging to sexually intact little girls and young ladies buried in rural cemeteries. Most probably, they were based on older simple rhombus-shaped pendants-amulets, which were eventually incorporated into the newly emerging religion and thus acquired a new quality. Their conspicuous concentration in the vicinity of the Mikulčice central site suggests that this area could have been one of the key Christianisation centres in Great Moravia. After the demise of this power-political unit, they completely disappeared from the group of devotional objects. Chronologically, they are synchronised with the final decades of the 9th c. and the beginning of the 10th c.
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nr suppl 1
349 – 360
EN
In the present study, we deal with relatively numerous findings of eastern type from Moravia, which are dated to the whole stage HD. To provide more complex overview of those findings was at the centre of our interest, focused mainly on their cultural-spatial analysis and possible interpretations of their occurrence in Moravia. Four groups of their origin were identified. The analysis of these findings did not confirm the claims that their occurrence in Moravia is connected with the collapse of local groups of the East Hallstatt culture.
3
100%
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nr suppl. 2
213 - 230
EN
The Stránská skála-type chert is a local Moravian chert of Jurassic age, which is available only within a limited area restricted to the Stránská skála rock outcrop and secondary sources in nearby gravels. As this raw material has been well-studied petrographically, its distribution is easy to trace. Its use and proportions within individual archaeological assemblages in particular vary over time – ranging from the dominant raw material during several chrono-cultural periods to a complete absence of this raw material in other periods. Periods of significant use include the Initial and Early Upper Palaeolithic, Late Neolithic and Early Eneolithic. Less pronounced evidence of distribution is also known from the Late/ Final Eneolithic and from the Early Bronze Age. Periods of no use include the Middle to Late Upper Palaeolithic, Early – Middle Neolithic and Middle Eneolithic. This raw material was mostly used locally with a limited distribution – the maximum extent of its occurrence is a few tens of kilometres from the source outcrop. The Stránská skála-type chert should be accepted as a fossile directeur sensu lato thanks to its easy determination and the isolation of the outcrop in combination with the techno-typological analysis.
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nr 2
55 - 85
EN
The study deals with the process of a power transition in Moravian nationally mixed towns after the First World War. The formation of Czechoslovakia was accompanied not only by the takeover of central political authorities, but necessarily also by a power transition at the regional level. The study takes particular note of the complicated process of the taking control of municipal councils in key Moravian towns, which were, until the formation of Czechoslovakia, in most cases under the decisive influence of the German bourgeoisie. Unlike in the Austro-Hungarian era, when the question of the composition of self-governments had been entirely in the hands of the local voters, the interest of the central institutions of the new state as well as of the political parties was now reflected in municipal affairs. In the process of the power transfer, the merging of municipalities played a very important role, being carried out in the post-war reality to serve as a means of solving the complex national-political situation in nationally mixed areas.
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tom 67
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nr 2
259 - 283
EN
The cremation burial from Pustiměř in Vyškov region was discovered in 2012 with a metal detector and thus, unfortunately, it was partly primarily disturbed. Based on offerings as well as the available anthropological analysis, the grave can be hypothetically identified as female. The burial can be dated – based on grave goods – to stage B2b-transitional stage B2/C1. The numerous grave goods contained artefacts of barbarian provenance as well as fragments of Roman bronze vessels (barrel-shaped bucket, dippers).
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tom 69
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nr suppl 2
431 – 439
EN
The paper offers relevant information concerning Klášťov, the dominant summit of the Vizovice Hills in eastern Moravia, where Moravia’s highest-positioned stronghold was built in the period of the Lusatian Urnfield culture. Later, in the 9th and 10th c., it was used by the domestic population above all for cult purposes; traces of a more permanent occupation have not been detected there yet. The text also presents an exceptional local finding of a brass inlaid trefoil iron sword set fitting, probably a local imitation of Carolingian models (?). It represents a high-quality, professionally made art and craft product whose popularity culminated in the second and third quarters of the 9th c. in the West. It might have occurred also later in the Moravian milieu.
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tom 65
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nr 2
207 – 236
EN
The practice of burying the deceased without cremating them during the Late and Final Bronze Age is a rare occurrence in Central Europe, as it was established and widely respected practice to cremate the deceased before burying them. Despite the low number of instances of this practice, its information value may be significant, which is why a new commented list of all Urnfield culture inhumation graves in Moravia was prepared. It includes a total of 11 sites, including eight graves from the Late and seven from the Final Bronze Age; inhumation are completely absent in the eastern and northern Moravia. Based on this list, the current knowledge about this issue has been summarised and explained within broader geographical contexts and interpreted (where possible). While in the case of inhumation burials during the Late Bronze Age we can talk about isolated exceptions related most probably to earlier Middle Bronze Age burial practices, during the Final Bronze Age we can begin to see connections with the new wave of innovations coming from the Carpathian Basin. Inventory of inhumation graves differs from contemporary cremation graves, it is clear that in comparison with ordinary funerals, fewer ceramic vessels and more parts of costume appear in graves with unburnt bodies. In the case of jewelry, the original function can be well established thanks to the functional position.
8
Content available remote Hlína v konstrukcích panonského typu domu
75%
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nr 4
298-303
EN
The study speaks about clay buildings in the areas along the Morava River and in the central Danube basin. It explains some archaeological finds, searching for their ethnological analogies. The building techniques using clay are analyzed in a more thorough way while their genetic context is observed. The hitherto oldest discovered technique in clay wall construction in the researched region presents a wheel structure of an Eneolithic building with weave walls roughcast with a thick layer of pugging stuff on both sides. According to some authors, this concerns the original constructional solution from which the basic building techniques for unburned clay used in load-bearing masonry developed. The first one is the technique of so-called ramming whose origin might be in the wheel construction provided with two parallel 'fences'. In accordance with this contention, we suppose the basis of the aforementioned way may consists in a clay mixture rammed into free space between a double-wall made from stones or palisade. Another construction is represented by building in layers that replaced the weave parts with clay material put on in layers, which - similarly to weave - had no supporting function. Moreover, the study describes constructions made from different types of so-called 'valky'. The last mentioned type of constructions describes the masonry with unburnt bricks, which are put dry on clay mortar - in contrast to the aforementioned building techniques working with wet material that dries in the masonry. The use of wet clay seems to be limiting - in the sense of technical possibilities. On the contrary, building use of bricks, i.e. exactly shaped construction materials, offers a higher number of options for the final use in a construction.
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nr 1
124-134
EN
The settlement of the borderland after World War II was the biggest internal migration of people in the history of the Czech land. The process (including the forced migration) covered more than five million people. From the point of view of timing as well as organization the settlement was conducted simultaneously with the forced migration of the German population from Czechoslovakia, particularly from the Czech region, Moravia and the Czech Silesia. These were two sides of the same coin, two phases of the same process which were interrelated and conditioned each other. They were two integral elements of one phenomenon: reorganizing the ethnic structure of the Central and Eastern Europe after World War II and the extent of migration, particularly in the Czech area was unprecedented. Hence it is surprising that the research on this problem in the Czech historiography is delayed, compared for instance to the Polish historiography. The phenomenon triggered far-reaching changes which exerted a significant influence on the lives and thinking of millions of people over the following dozens of years.
EN
The Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Science, Silesian University in Opava has made systematic archaeological prospecting efforts for several years in the surroundings of Studénka that led to identification of two micro-regions of Neolithic settlement, territorially partly overlapped. The older one consists of six dwelling places and belongs to the Linear Pottery culture. The younger settlement around Studénka corresponds to the Lengyel culture and it was found at seven localities so far. The micro-region of the Linear Pottery culture is situated at the left bank of the Odra Gate corridor, right on the transport road of the Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites and represents on this route the nearest settlements from the source area in the direction to central Moravia. Although the micro-region is located in the area of natural occurrences of silicites from glacial sediments (also denominated erratic silicites or erratic ‘flints’), the presence of Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites among raw materials of lithic chipped artefacts is the most numerous comparing similar collections from the Czech Lands and Polish Silesia. Temporary nature of the micro-region settlement limited to a single phase of the Linear Pottery culture IIb and evidence for a short duration of the dwelling places indicate purposefulness of founding and duration of the dwelling places. The authors believe the purpose of their arising was not enlarging of the agricultural area but the mediation services in the Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites transport. The starting point for this raw material transport could be contemporary another Neolithic micro-region represented by the settlement near Spytkowice at the mouth of the river Skawa to Wisła in the recent Polish territory. This Spytkowice micro-region is unusually located on the opposite bank of the Wisła. The supposed route of the Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic silicites to Moravia is only a working hypothesis naturally.
11
Content available remote KONFRATERNITY MORAVSKÝCH KONVENTŮ ŘEHOLNÍCH KANOVNÍKŮ SV. AUGUSTINA
75%
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nr 2
46 - 57
EN
The convents of the Order of Canons Regular of St. Augustine of the Roudnice circuit were associated by means of confraternities, the essence of which being reciprocal care for the salvation of deceased members of the convents through worship and other liturgical acts. The article describes the confraternal documents of Moravian convents from the Middle Ages that are still extant (Šternberk, Fulnek, Prostějov, and Olomouc). The archives of the monasteries in Fulnek and Prostějov no longer exist. Part of the archive of the monastery in Šternberk is preserved in the Olomouc branch of the Provincial Archive in Opava. The archive of the monastery in Olomouc can be found in the Moravian Provincial Archive in Brno (fund E 3). Confraternal documents issued by provosts and convents in Šternberk, Fulnek, and Prostějov are scattered throughout various archives in the Czech Republic and abroad. To complete the picture of the overall situation, further details are provided in the form of data from preserved necrologies of the Roudnice monastery from the 14th century and the Kazimierz monastery from the end of the 15th century.
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tom 13
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nr 2
3 - 21
EN
The article is devoted to the problem of reconstruction of the possible eastern missionary routes of the clergy of the Diocese of Passau in the Danube region in the first half of the 9th century. By the analysis of the Carolingian diplomas of the 820s and 830s, some diplomas of the last quarter of the 10th century, as well as a significant amount of archaeological data, the eastern vector of missionary activity of monks from the Diocese of St. Stephen is outlined on the lands in Marcha orientalis, mentioned in the diplomas of Louis I the Pious (823) and the Bavarian King Louis II (833 and 836), and which were situated mainly along the both banks of the Danube and its tributaries. The author concludes that these possessions represented a holistic “ecclesial bond”, a missionary route that passed through the main monasteries, which were under the church jurisdiction of Passau, as well as through the ancient Roman ways and trade routes that were located in the above-mentioned possessions. In the 830s, after joining of new landholdings around the River Leitha and the Vienna Woods to the Passau’s sphere of influence the outlined missionary route reached even the boundaries of the Moravians’ settlement.
13
Content available remote Organizační vývoj německých liberálů na Moravě v letech 1890-1914
75%
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nr 3
443-478
EN
This study deals with the development of German political liberalism in Moravia from the end of the 1880s until World War I. It throws light on the manifesto and organizational changes connected to the transformation of the previously nationwide Deutschmaehrische Partei in the Deutsche Fortschrittspartei. It devotes much attention to the standing of German Liberals within the system of German political parties in Moravia and to the role of the most influential party personalities (A. Weeber, A. Promber, H. d'Elvert, R. M. Rohrer).
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nr 2
265 - 288
EN
This paper deals with the foundation of the Sokol organization in Brno. However, the main focus is put on the origins of exercise in the Sokol Brno I women´s units that were the biggest and the oldest unions in Moravia. The paper analyses the origins of the emancipation movement of Czech women at the beginning of the 20th century, in relation to two culture centres (Prague and Brno). Among others, it recalls a significant period of Brno’s cultural history before World War 1 from two points of view: the development of physical education and the origins of the Brno women´s movement. Obstacles that often impeded the enforcement of progressive thoughts are depicted. Prague was the leading city of Czech national life in the 19th century. However, it could not become a central point for Moravia due to the distance factor. Therefore, Brno adopted this role, although its situation was more complicated, as its population was mostly German at that time. And the German population did not support the origin of Czech national emancipation. The Sokol movement was not an exception in the process of gradual delimitation mostly against the Germans in progress since 1860 which eventually led to national liberation and independence.
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tom 43
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nr 2
241-258
EN
The remodelling and decoration of the provost St. Hypolyte Church in Hradiště/Poltenberg near Znojmo marks the final phase of the Baroque era building activities of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star in Moravia. This unique artistic complex is dominated by a monumental wall painting by noted artist Franz Anton Maulbertsch and his collaborators (1776) depicting 'The Finding of the Holy Cross', an important iconographic theme in Austrian baroque piety (Fiducia in crucem Christi).
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51%
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nr 3
381-405
EN
The Bohemian medieval state was composed of two major territories: Bohemia and Moravia from the beginning of the 11th century. Their rather unique relationship went through several stages, during which the character of a united monarchy strengthened on the one side, on the other side both 'lands' (terrae) formed themselves as independent entities with their own territory, their own aristocratic estates and their own internal administration and organization. Whereas a hereditary royal title was attached to Bohemia from the end of the 12th century, Moravia then gradually, although only from the second quarter of the 13th century, consciously formed itself into a margraviate. The linchpin, which welded Bohemia with Moravia together was the King of Bohemia. As the ranks of the ruling Bohemian dynasty dramatically thinned towards the end of the Przemyslid period (from the mid-13th century until 1306), the King of Bohemia became simultaneously the holder of the title Margrave of Moravia.
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