Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

RAW MATERIAL AS FOSSILE DIRECTEUR? A CASE STUDY OF THE USE OF STRÁNSKÁ SKÁLA-TYPE CHERT

100%

Bartík J. , Škrdla P.

Študijné zvesti

|

2021

|

tom 68

|

nr suppl. 2

213 - 230

EN

The Stránská skála-type chert is a local Moravian chert of Jurassic age, which is available only within a limited area restricted to the Stránská skála rock outcrop and secondary sources in nearby gravels. As this raw material has been well-studied petrographically, its distribution is easy to trace. Its use and proportions within individual archaeological assemblages in particular vary over time – ranging from the dominant raw material during several chrono-cultural periods to a complete absence of this raw material in other periods. Periods of significant use include the Initial and Early Upper Palaeolithic, Late Neolithic and Early Eneolithic. Less pronounced evidence of distribution is also known from the Late/ Final Eneolithic and from the Early Bronze Age. Periods of no use include the Middle to Late Upper Palaeolithic, Early – Middle Neolithic and Middle Eneolithic. This raw material was mostly used locally with a limited distribution – the maximum extent of its occurrence is a few tens of kilometres from the source outcrop. The Stránská skála-type chert should be accepted as a fossile directeur sensu lato thanks to its easy determination and the isolation of the outcrop in combination with the techno-typological analysis.

2

REVOLUTION IN THE TOWN HALLS: THE FORMATION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA, THE BATTLE FOR THE TOWN HALLS AND POWER TRANSITION IN THE MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES OF MORAVIAN TOWNS AFTER 1918

100%

Popelka P.

Mesto a dejiny

|

2021

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

55 - 85

EN

The study deals with the process of a power transition in Moravian nationally mixed towns after the First World War. The formation of Czechoslovakia was accompanied not only by the takeover of central political authorities, but necessarily also by a power transition at the regional level. The study takes particular note of the complicated process of the taking control of municipal councils in key Moravian towns, which were, until the formation of Czechoslovakia, in most cases under the decisive influence of the German bourgeoisie. Unlike in the Austro-Hungarian era, when the question of the composition of self-governments had been entirely in the hands of the local voters, the interest of the central institutions of the new state as well as of the political parties was now reflected in municipal affairs. In the process of the power transfer, the merging of municipalities played a very important role, being carried out in the post-war reality to serve as a means of solving the complex national-political situation in nationally mixed areas.

3

Příjmení v Bartošově Dialektickém slovníku moravském (s přihlédnutím ke klasifikaci příjmení)

100%

Pastyřík S.

Acta onomastica

|

2011

|

tom 52

|

nr 1

111-133

EN

The Dialectological Dictionary of Moravia by František Bartoš is an important source not only for dialectology but also for onomastics. Based on this material the author suggest a new possible way how to make a classifier of surnames. In the first part he works with surnames in the Bartoš’s Dictionary as seen from the onomasiologic point of view. The second part deals with the potentials of a new surname classifier based on the Moravian material.

4

CONTRIBUTION OF NONDESTRUCTIVE PROSPECTING METHODS TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION OF BURIAL GROUNDS IN MORAVIA

100%

Hašek V. , Peška J. , Unger J.

Študijné zvesti

|

2008

|

nr 44

5 - 49

EN

Excavation of various types of burial grounds is one of the important tasks of archaeological research in the Czech Republic. The origin of necropolises is connected with ritual burials. The archaeologically excavated burial grounds become an important source of information about life and structure of the society, its cultural and economic level. They provide evidence about spiritual sphere, material culture, and furthermore they also contribute to solving chronological questions. With reference to the results of excavations made up to now, the burial grounds in Moravia can be divided e. g. according to: the place of establishing - in open space in rural area, or in the interiors of ecclesiastical buildings (churches, monastic complexes, cult formations), the way of burying (inhumation graves or cremated burials), the outer form (flat, barrow burials), the arrangement of graves (groups, rows, irregular) etc.

5

SILICITE AXES OF CENTRAL POLAND PROVENIENCE IN MORAVIA

100%

Prichystal A. , Sebela L.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

|

2004

|

tom 39

5-23

EN

The banded silicite of the Krzemionka type and dotted silicite of the Swieciechów type were intensively used for making axes during the Eneolithic Period. The presence of artifacts of the banded silicite of the Krzemionka type was confirmed in ten Moravian localities. On the basis of morphological and technical characteristics, as well as analogies, axes of the banded silicite should be linked with the Globular Amphora Culture (GAC). The GAC settlements, recognized in northern and central Moravia and in the adjacent part of Upper (Czech) Silesia, prove that contacts between these two units in question were stronger than so far believed. Axes of the spotted silicite, verified by petrographic analysis of finds from Lhotka, Nezamyslice, and Velehrad can be safely assign to the Corded Ware culture. Although rare, they clearly show the route of cultural contacts between Central Poland and Lower Austria. Axes made of the banded and spotted silicites confirm the importance of Moravia within the Central European zone of cultural development. During the Late Eneolithic Period this teritory abnsorbed influences from the south and from the north, Import of artifacts from Central Poland exemplifies this phenomenon

6

AUS DER NÄHE ODER AUS DER FERNE? ZU DEN HALLSTATTZEITLICHEN FUNDEN VOM ÖSTLICHEN TYP AUS MÄHREN

100%

Kozubová A. , Golec M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

|

2020

|

tom 68

|

nr suppl 1

349 – 360

EN

In the present study, we deal with relatively numerous findings of eastern type from Moravia, which are dated to the whole stage HD. To provide more complex overview of those findings was at the centre of our interest, focused mainly on their cultural-spatial analysis and possible interpretations of their occurrence in Moravia. Four groups of their origin were identified. The analysis of these findings did not confirm the claims that their occurrence in Moravia is connected with the collapse of local groups of the East Hallstatt culture.

7

Výzkum dědičnosti – na cestě za poznáním Mendelova objevu

100%

Orel V.

DVT - Dějiny věd a techniky (History of Sciences and Technology)

|

2007

|

tom 40

|

nr 2

65-72

EN

Attention is drawn to the unique network of sheep breeders and professors of agriculture and natural sciences leading in Moravia in 1818 to the generalization of knowledge in empiric genetic laws to be solved and in 1837 to the formulation of the useful research question of heredity. The historical investigation also contributed to the explanation of the problem regarding basic knowledge of heredity and evolution.

8

PŘÍSPĚVEK K POZNÁNÍ NEJSTARŠÍHO GERMÁNSKÉHO OSÍDLENÍ MORAVY OPTIKOU NOVÝCH POVRCHOVÝCH NÁLEZŮ

100%

Zeman T.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

|

2017

|

tom 65

|

nr 2

279 – 319

EN

The study presents a typological and chronological evaluation of a collection of newly acquired findings from the 1st cent. A. D., mainly from south and southeastern parts of Moravia. These findings have been collected in last ten years through an intense metal detector survey. Over 90 % of items are bronze fibulas of western Roman provinces, Noric-Pannonian or Germanic origin. Nevertheless, many of them have not been known in Moravia so far. These artifacts have been examined through non-destructive metallographic analysis which confirmed a preference of brass against bronze as a fibula-crafting material of the older Roman period. Therefore non-stratified findings bring evidence of far denser Germanic settlement of Moravia in the 1st cent. A. D. than we thought up to date (40 new sites recorded). This is important since this time period has so far been missing, with few exceptions, during archaeological excavations in recent years. The findings of field surveys have also helped to identify three new cremation burial grounds. Burying started during the time of the Marobodus Empire and the development of the grounds is most certainly geographically and chronologically connected with the existence of the Kingdom of Vannius.

9

THE PEOPLE IN MORAVIA I-IV PROJECT

100%

Fasora L. , Hanus J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

|

2011

|

tom 109

|

nr 2

359-363

EN

The outcome of the project entitled Man in Moravia is a four-volume social history of Moravia in the period between the end of the 18th century and the end of the 20th century. The main aim of the project focusing on important personalities and the so-called socio-professional characters is to create an overview of Moravian social history. The secondary aims are to incite a discussion about social history among the members of the scholarly community and to invite researchers who excel in the issues of local provenience. The project included 8 editors with different specializations and 60 experts from universities, Academy of Science and archives. The project is part of the Centre for Studies in Central European History: Sources, Countries, Culture which has been co-ordinated by Jiri Malir at the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University since 2005.

10

THE MICHLE MADONNA?

100%

Natoufova M.

Umění (Art)

|

2007

|

tom 55

|

nr 3

241-243

EN

In 1856, Franz Halla donated a statue of the Virgin Mary with the Infant Jesus for the chapel at Michle. Thanks to this sculpture, the 'Michle Madonna', a theory arose as to the first stylistically integrated sculptural group of the Middle Ages in Bohemia whose core was created by a single master. Traditionally, the sculpture was linked with the Znojmo Madonna, the statue of St Florian, the Apostle of Veverska Bityska, the Madonna of Velke Mezirici, the Prostejov Madonna, Madonna at the Broumov monastery church, the Madonna at Dysinne near Pilsen and the Crucifixion at Hradcany. The group, whose style has its roots in France and the Rhineland, has been dated to the 1330s or 1340s and is reckoned to have originated in Brno. These hypotheses have been reappraised by Jiri Fajt and Robert Suckale, who have cast serious doubt on both the Moravian origins of the group and the alleged originating master with his assistants or successors. I should like to take this occasion to cite an entry in the Michle church chronicle on Franz Halla, who was from Michle and inherited the statue from his parents, according to Fajt and Suckale. In their view, it makes more sense to place the statue, and the entire group along with it, in the artistic context of Prague rather than in that of Brno. In order that we may verify the thesis outlined above, we must return to the actual wording of the entry in the Michle chronicle. However, the wording of the entry on Franz Halla's donation differs from that Jiri Fajt and Robert Suckale present in their article. Both do talk of Halla, who was from Michle and moved to Brno; nonetheless, there is no further mention here which might better illuminate the origins of the statue. The conjecture that the statue had been in the family for a long time is highly debatable. It is also surprising that, in connection with this statue, the formulation 'had made' was used. Is it possible that the entry was about another work altogether, or that it refers only to secondary alterations made to the statue? Sadly, we shall never know and so the Michle chronicle may not serve as evidence to determine more about the statue's origins.

11

A SONG AND THE SACRED WORD - ON THE STUDY OF THE RITUAL COMMUNICATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY (Zpev a slovo posvatne - ke studiu obradni komunikace na pocatku 21. stoleti)

100%

Frolcova V.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2009

|

tom 57

|

nr 2

195-207

EN

During Advent, in one catholic village in southeast Moravia, families maintain an extra-liturgical folk ritual called 'carrying the Virgin Mary to bed', also called 'putting Mary to bed'. The Advent event (the expected arrival of the Son of God) and the figure of the Virgin Mary became present every year through this ritual; it takes place in the village and in the families in real time. This Advent tradition has paralles in Austria, Bavaria and in Slovenia in the 19th century and carries elements of pre-Vatican catholic worship into the 21th century. It presents the shared message of the cult of the Virgin Mary through the songs.

12

ZLOMEK SKLA Z UHERSKÉHO HRADIŠTĚ

100%

Frolíková-Kaliszová D.

Študijné zvesti

|

2009

|

nr 45

217 - 219

EN

A fragment of the hell green glass with bubbles of the air was found in the settlement feature subject of the Great Moravia period in the town of Uherské Hradiště. Beyond the analysis of Z. Himmelová it was a waste from the production of the glass vessel.

13

ACTUAL RESULTS OF GEO-PHYSICAL ANALYSIS AND EXCAVATION WORKS AT THE 'HORNI IAN' SITE IN OLOMOUC-SLAVONIN

100%

Hasek V. , Kalabek M. , Peska J.

Acta Archaeologica Carpathica

|

2004

|

tom 39

25-57

EN

The combination of archaeological research and methods of geo-physical analysis was used in the course of excavation work at the 'Horni lán' multicultural site in Olomouc-Slavonin. The geo-physical research conducted at the site allowed for information to be obtained about the location of potential finds. During the excavation work conducted afterwards, 4,350 facilities were registered, predominantly prehistoric structures sunk into the ground and a section of a ditch, as well as approx. 200 prehistoric and early medieval burial sites. At the present moment, 'Horni lán' is one of the best examined archaeological sites within the borders of the Czech Republic.

14

K úloze institutu landfrýdu v moravském zemském právu na prahu novověku. (Vznik a vývoj landfrýdů a role panovníka)

100%

Janiš D.

Folia historica Bohemica

|

2010

|

tom 25

|

nr 2

7-28

EN

The Moravian Landfriede institutes represent an important issue as regards legal and political history of Mediaeval and Early Modern Moravia because they represented a significant komponent of the provincial law and the estate establishment throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. As genuine estate institutions, they were removed with post-White Mountain changes of the estate system. So far, only little attention has been paid to the Moravian Landfrieden in the literature. The Landfriede institutes appeared in Moravia in the late 14th century (1396?, 1412 and 1421). They kept thein considerable significance within the Moravian provincial law throughout the entire 15th century which was connected with repeated battles and internal disturbances. Two basic models of the Landfriede developed over the years. The first Landfriede institutes were concluded with the sovereign for a limited period of time and subsequently for the entire length of his rule. The other type of Landfriede was concluded mutually between Moravian estates. It represented temporary but functional solution of stabilisation of internal affairs in the country at the time of anarchy. The content and wording of the Landfriede became standardized in the 1480s.

15

Počátky renesanční typografie v Čechách a na Moravě

100%

Voit P.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

|

2009

|

tom 132

|

nr 1-2

125-135

EN

In spite of obvious apologia of modern Czech researchers, our typography of Jagellon's period has only an occasional character. The main reasons are a weak potential of writers' and translators' skills, absence of separately profiled publishing branch and the editorial strategy determined by the foreign import. The period in which our domestic early printed books disengaged from a late Gothic features was longer than in typographic empires like Germany, France or Italy. That was due to the fact that the majority of Czech printers and cutters in the first decade of the 16th century were stimulated by the older illustrational repertoire. Mikulas Konac (1514) and Pavel Olivetsky (1520) were the first who got rid of a late Gothic opinion. The next generation can already be considered to belong to the early Renaissance. The intensity, however, with which this generation adopted the new style varied because of economic aspects: it was adopted to a lesser degree by poorer Mikulas Klaudyan (1518) and Oldrich Velensky (1519); on the contrary richer Pavel Severin (1520) and Jiri Styrsa (1521) adhered to it more vigorously. The twenties of the 16th century are analogically a period when the Renaissance decorative elements are being used in the domestic book binding. In this time we can also see somewhat belated reception of a humanistic written minuscule. The early Renaissance era of typography in our countries took about twenty years longer than in Germany, Austria and Poland. The upper time limit lies between the thirties and half of the forties of the 16th century when the Prague's printer Jan Had started to use the Venetian type of antiqua (Roman type) instead of usual Schwabacher type when printing the books in Latin. Bartolomej Netolicky, who lived in Prague, and Jan Günther were the first in this time, too, who accepted the Blackletter as a distinctive type face of the Czech texts. With these systematic changes the graphic reform of our book-printing has been accomplished until the beginning of the 19th century.

16

ŽÁROVÝ HROB Z DOBY ŘÍMSKÉ Z PUSTIMĚŘE, OKR. VYŠKOV. PŘÍSPĚVEK K POZNÁNÍ POHŘEBNÍCH VÝBAV ŽENSKÝCH HROBŮ Z KONCE 2. STOLETÍ

88%

Jílek J. , Fojtík P. , Popelka M. , Kala J.

Študijné zvesti

|

2020

|

tom 67

|

nr 2

259 - 283

EN

The cremation burial from Pustiměř in Vyškov region was discovered in 2012 with a metal detector and thus, unfortunately, it was partly primarily disturbed. Based on offerings as well as the available anthropological analysis, the grave can be hypothetically identified as female. The burial can be dated – based on grave goods – to stage B2b-transitional stage B2/C1. The numerous grave goods contained artefacts of barbarian provenance as well as fragments of Roman bronze vessels (barrel-shaped bucket, dippers).

17

REMARKABLE CONTINUUM: PROVODOV – ‘RYSOV’ HILLFORT BETWEEN 650 – 370 BC

88%

Čižmář I. , Golec Mírová Z. , Golec M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

|

2021

|

tom 69

|

nr suppl 2

29 – 38

EN

The transition between the late Hallstatt period and the early La Tène period represents a notable phase of the Moravian prehistory. It is associated with the concept of the so-called ‘first Celtic expansion’ as promoted by Miloš Čižmář. The current sources on the 5th c. BC confirm the discontinuity of development in HD3 and LTA; and the expansion concept was recently confirmed by Petra Goláňová. Adding to the topic, Martin Golec and Zuzana Mírová have brought up the yet ignored aspect of central site with the continuity of elites during HD1 – D3 at Habrůvka – ‘Býčí skála’. The social system during the late Hallstatt period in Moravia can be defined as largely centralised, which conforms to P. Goláňová’s theory on LTA. The Provodov – ‘Rysov’ hillfort provides ample evidence in the form of findings dating to HD1 – LTA and is discussed within the framework of this topic.

18

VÝSLECHY SVĚDKŮ VE VĚCI POHRANIČNÍCH SPORŮ NA MORAVSKO-SLOVENSKÉM POMEZÍ V 16. – 18. STOLETÍ A JEJICH INTERPRETACE: PŘÍKLAD VRŠATECKÉHO, LEDNICKÉHO, TRENČÍNSKÉHO A BRUMOVSKÉHO PANSTVÍ

88%

Součková T. , Volfová J.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2019

|

tom 23

|

nr 2

403 – 425

EN

The aim of the study is to newly reflect on the issue which has not been fully analysed within Moravian and Slovak historiography. Testimonies of the witnesses involved in border disputes over exact delineation of the borderline between Moravia and the Kingdom of Hungary in 16th – 18th centuries represent highly valuable material which has a potential of versatile interpretation. We focus on testimonies from a particular area of Vršatec, Lednica, Trenčín and Brumov manors using historical – anthropological approach. Despite the fact that we regard the witnesses as capable of providing credible information, the sources are critically analysed and compared to older publications on the topic. The study reflects on the problematic of specific border signs such as stone circles and their reflection in the testimonies, furthermore the most important aspects of the process of near-border agricultural colonization are described and examined.

19

MORAVIAN IRON MONEY. MODEL OF THE 9TH-CENTURY AXE-SHAPED BARS’ GENESIS AND ITS TESTING WITH THE ASSEMBLAGE FROM STARÉ ZÁMKY NEAR BRNO-LÍŠEŇ

88%

Hlavica M. , Kouřil P. , Mikulec R.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

|

2022

|

tom 70

|

nr 2

327 – 350

EN

The article offers a new perspective on the phenomenon of Moravian axe-shaped bars. It presents a new perspective seeing roots of axe-shaped bars in pre-Christian ritual behaviour. In this context, where practical function of original tools was suppressed, initial semi-finished products evolved into the earliest massive axe-shaped bars. These probably started to serve as a social currency and their value was probably derived from the weight of the iron commodity, and the intrinsic value of original tools (axes) respectively. The model presumes that since the beginning of their existence, the shrinking of their size and weight took place, probably because of gradual increase of iron scarcity. The shrinkage then gradually reached the stage when storing of a part of a weight unit was very difficult, because of the unforeseeable loss of iron mass during forging. As more precise weight could be projected into smaller bars only with difficulty, their values were probably disconnected from the intrinsic value of the iron, and started to be guaranteed by the issuing authority. The value started to be set arbitrarily in a different unit of account, and axe-shaped bars started to be used as substitute tokens of general-purpose money within the Great Moravian commercialized economy. This model was then confronted with the assemblage of 78 axe-shaped bars from one of the major Great Moravian strongholds at Staré Zámky near Brno-Líšeň. The results of the evaluation including their classification into size categories and mapping of their spatial distribution within the stronghold corresponds with the predictions of the model. Although a hoard of medium-sized bars was present on the site indicating that part of the assemblage may still serve as a social currency, most of the bars fell into small size categories and their spatial distribution shows that they freely circulated within the acropolis of the stronghold, and were probably lost during this daily usage. It thus indicates that they were used in the commercial exchange that took place within the stronghold’s market.

20

POTRAVINY JAKO PŘEDMĚT ZÁJMU LAPKŮ A ZEMSKÝCH ŠKŮDCŮ A JEJICH ODRAZ V SOUDNÍCH ZÁZNAMECH V ČECHÁCH A NA MORAVĚ VE 14. – 15. STOLETÍ

88%

Papajík D.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

|

2018

|

tom 22

|

nr 2

302 – 316

EN

The main object of the study is rather neglected fact, that the object of interest to the robbers was not just money, expensive stuff or kidnapping people, but also food in different forms. The author analyzes three main sources of a mass nature originating in the Czech lands, Libri citationum et sententiarum (in Czech Knihy půhonné a nálezové) for the second half of the 14th century and the 15th century, Execusion and Outlaw Records of Jihlava (in Czech Popravčí a psanecké zápisy jihlavské) and Execusion Book of Lords of Rožmberk (in Czech Popravčí kniha pánů z Rožmberka). The author shows using the analysis of the sources in this study, what kind of food was the most frequent object of interest to the robbers and outlaws.