Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Application of low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen plasma: treatment of artificially prepared corrosion layers

100%

Fojtíková P. , Řádková L. , Janová D. , Krčma F.

Open Chemistry

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2015

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tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

The aim of this work is the application of low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen plasma on artificially prepared corrosion layers, so called plasma chemical reduction. It is necessary to use samples with artificially prepared corrosion layers because it is impossible to use the real artifacts for fundamental research. The bronze was chosen as a sample material. Formation of corrosion layers on the bronze samples was carried out in concentrated hydrochloric acid vapors with the addition of sand. The radio-frequency hydrogen plasma was generated in the flowing regime at a pressure of 160 Pa. Different values of supplied power were chosen as well as different discharge modes: continuous or pulsed mode with varied duty cycles. By the combination of supplied power and mode factors, we selected two values of effective power. The process of plasma chemical reduction was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and simultaneously, the sample temperature was measured. Rotational temperatures were calculated from OH radicals spectra. Changes in the structure and elemental composition were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).

2

High quality casting materials

100%

Pietrowski S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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tom Vol. 43, nr 1

136-144

EN

Purpose: The paper briefly presents results of the new developed high quality cast materials. Design/methodology/approach: The following materials are: hypereutectoid cast steel with various microstructure modular graphite obtained in as-cast condition (raw state), ductile cast iron of bainite-martensitic carbides structure obtained in a raw state, aluminum bronzes and silumins with additives of: chromium, molybdenum, wolfram, vanadium. Findings: These alloys are characterized primarily by significant mechanical properties and high wear resistance. It was also discussed getting of layer products by combination of steel or cast iron using alphinated layer with silumin. Practical implications: The paper discusses the high quality cast alloy, layer products and presents the high quality casting materials in the point of view principles of materials selection. Originality/value: The above problem is shown in the background of “Rules of material selection” as well as a model of production system in company. Keywords: Hypereutectoid cast steel with graphite; Ductile cast iron with carbides; Bronzes; Mechanical properties

3

Impulsowe napawanie brązu metodą MIG

86%

Haduch J.

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2003

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tom R. 47, nr 5

169--172

PL

Na blasze ze stali St3S układano napoiny metodą MIG półautomatem spawalniczym OPTYMAG 501 z cyfrową nastawą parametrów spawania i z zastosowaniem prądu pulsacyjnego, zmieniając napięcie impulsu, częstotliwość impulsów i prędkość podawania drutu elektrodowego. W oparciu o wygląd napoin, charakteryzujących się gładkim licem i lekko wypukłym lub płaskim kraterem, ustalono zalecane parametry napawania brązu CuSn6 metodą MIG.

EN

With the use of pulsed arc MIG process it was deposited surfacing welds on St3S steel plates by means of semi-automatic welding unit OPTYMAG 501 provided with digital setting of welding parameters. During the tests it was changed the pulse voltage, arc pulsation frequency and feed rate. Basing oneself on the appearance of the welds which had been characterized by smooth face and slightly convex or flat crater it was determined the parameters recommended for MIG surfacing of CuSn6 bronze.

4

Wydajne i dokładne cięcie małych mieszków mosiężnych

86%

Pergałowski S. , Łunarski J. , Bandyra Z.

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2009

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tom nr 4

23-26

EN

Worked out the technology and automatic device to the effective cut of small brazen bellows from the technological remains excess after the pressing and expanding processes were shown in this work. Device is characterized by large capacity. It was equipped with control-supervising system in order to assure correct realization of the task at maintain of the large working reliability.

5

Odlewnicze brązy aluminiowe. Struktura, właściwości, topienie i odlewanie

86%

Górny Z.

Przegląd Odlewnictwa

|

2007

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tom Vol. 57, nr 4-5

202-210

PL

Krótkie, zwarte opisanie odlewniczych brązów aluminiowych obejmuje: strukturę i właściwości przede wszystkim stopów znormalizowanych (PN-EN-1982 z 1998 roku). Podano również podstawowe informacje w zakresie przygotowania ciekłego metalu (topienie, przegrzewanie, rafinowanie, odtlenianie, modyfikowanie) oraz odlewania (układy wlewowy i zasilający, specjalne metody odlewania).

EN

Short, compact describing of the foundry aluminium bronzes includes: structure and properties, first of all of the normalized alloys (PN-EN 1982 from the year 1998). There also the basic informations in the scope of preparing liquid metal (melting, superheating, refining, deoxydation, inoculation) as well as pouring (gating and risering systems, special pouring systems) are presented.

6

Struktura geometryczna powierzchni kompozytów na bazie brązu spiekanego po toczeniu wykończeniowym

86%

Feldshtein E.

Mechanik

|

2012

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tom R. 85, nr 8-9CD (SOS)

341--346

7

Precipitation strengthening of nickel - aluminium bronze during multi - stage ageing process

86%

Gryziecki J. , Łatkowski A.

Archives of Metallurgy

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2003

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tom Vol. 48, iss. 2

151-160

EN

Methods of progressive precipitation strengthening enabling to eliminate the disadvantageous y' phase, formed during the discontinuous transition, are presented. Elimination of y' precipitates makes the CuNi10Al13 alloy attain very high mechanical properties. application of the presented methods of heat treatment gives also the possibility to modify the amount, the size and the morphology of the strengthening precipitates, which enables to control the mechanical properties of alloy.

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono sposoby stopniowego umacniania wydzieleniowego, pozwalajace na wyeliminowanie niekorzystnej fazy y' powstającej w przemianie nieciągłej. Eliminacja tych wydzieleń sprawia, że stop CuNi10Al13 uzyskuje bardzo wysokie własności mechaniczne. Zastosowanie przedstawionych sposobów obróbki cieplnej daje także możliwość wpływania na ilość, wielkość oraz morfologię wydzielań umacniających. Pozwala to na sterowanie własnościami mechanicznymi stopu.

8

Metal garment elements from the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age cemetery at Beshtasheni (eastern Georgia)

86%

Hamburg J. , Pawłowska K.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2017

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tom 26(1)

601-618

EN

The paper presents metal elements of garments and jewellery dating to the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age period (13th–6th century BC) coming from the excavation of the Beshtasheni cemetery in eastern Georgia carried out from the mid-1930s until 2014. A brief historical and cultural background, including a short description and chronology of the Beshtasheni cemetery, is given before presenting the assemblage of metal garment elements found in the graves: pins, belts and buckles, finger rings, bracelets, parts of buckles and beads, including a preliminary typology of some of these artifacts. The typology takes into account the decoration and shape, as well as ornamental elements and motifs. The paper goes on to describe the observed relation between metal garment elements and the gender and age of the deceased.

9

Influence of Iron in AlSi10MgMn Alloy

86%

Žihalová M. , Bolibruchová D.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2014

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tom Vol. 14, iss. 4

109--112

EN

Presence of iron in Al-Si cast alloys is common problem mainly in secondary (recycled) aluminium alloys. Better understanding of iron influence in this kind of alloys can lead to reduction of final castings cost. Presented article deals with examination of detrimental iron effect in AlSi10MgMn cast alloy. Microstructural analysis and ultimate tensile strength testing were used to consider influence of iron to microstructure and mechanical properties of selected alloy.

10

Jednowarstwowe napawanie brązu metodą TIG

86%

Haduch J.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2009

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tom R. 81, nr 3

9-13

PL

Przedstawiono technologię napawania oraz ocenę własności cienkich jednowarstwowych powłok z brązu CuSn6 nanoszonych na stalową powierzchnię wałka metodą TIG. Podano zalecane parametry technologiczne napawania w celu uniknięcia niezgodności spawalniczych. Napawane warstwy z brązu CuSn6 poddano ocenie twardości i wielkości zużycia w warunkach tarcia.

EN

Technology TIG pad welding and property assessment on-pass surfacing with bronze CuSn6 were presented . Recommended technological parameters of filling in order to avoid welding imperfection were given. Filled layers of CuSn6 bronze were subjected to the assessment hardnesses and sizes of using the friction up in conditions.

11

Wpływ obróbki cieplnej na strukturę i właściwości brązu aluminiowo-niklowego

72%

Gazda A. , Górny Z. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Saja K. , Warmuzek M. , Wodnicki J. , Żuczek R.

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa

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2009

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tom T. 49, z. 2

19-42

PL

Badano wpływ obróbki cieplnej na strukturę i właściwości mechaniczne stopu B1044 (CuAl10Fe4Ni4). Zawartość aluminium, żelaza i niklu powoduje występowanie struktury stopu badanego w układzie granicznym między obszarami α + α[sub]2 + β' oraz β' + β[sub]1' + α[sub]2 i obecnością fazy γ[sub]2 z przemiany eutektoidalnej, co odbija się na właściwościach mechanicznych. Stosowano przed hartowaniem nagrzewanie (przesycanie) przez 2 h w 950°C i wariantowe chłodzenie: w wodzie, oleju i na powietrzu. Ponadto część próbek hartowanych starzono w temperaturze 500 lub 700°C przez 6 h z wariantowym chłodzeniem z piecem i na powietrzu. Uzyskano interesujące właściwości mechaniczne, tak wytrzymałościowe (R[sub]m, R[sub]0,2) jak i plastyczne (A, Z). W badaniach w stanie stałym posłużono się dylatometrem i kalorymetrem różnicowym.

EN

The effect of heat treatment on structure and mechanical properties of B1044 (CuAl10Fe4Ni4) alloy was investigated. In the examined alloy, the content of aluminium, iron and nickel results in the formation of structure comprised in a boundary system between the regions of α + α[sub]2 + β' and β' + β[sub]1' + α[sub]2 with the presence of γ[sub]2 phase formed due to eutectoid transfomation, affecting the level of mechanical properties. Before quenching, the specimens were preheated (solutioning heat treatment) for 2 h at 950°C, and different variants of cooling in water, oil and air were applied next. Some quenched specimens were also subjected to ageing from 500 or 700°C after 6 h heating and cooling with furnace and in the air. Very interesting results were obtained regarding both mechanical (R[sub]m, R[sub]0,2) and plastic (A, Z) properties. Tests in the solid state were carried out using a dilatometer and differential calorimeter.

12

Mediaeval Casts of the Eastern Reliquary Crosses

72%

Garbacz-Klempka A. , Nosek E. M. , Rzadkosz S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2013

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tom Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.

147--152

EN

Non-destructive testing methods are widely applied for metal artefacts research. The analyses presented here are part of research and conservation program encompassing metal artefacts discovered during archaeological excavations in the years 2010–2011 in the area of Czermno. Among metal artefacts of archaeological origin there is an important group of objects connected with cult. Reliquary crosses called encolpions can be distinguished here; worn both by priests and by lay people in Central and Eastern Europe. They present an interesting group for historical and iconographic research, as well as for the analyses of the materials and the techniques applied. The type of cast encolpions were examined, found in the area of the old dwelling complex connected with fortified settlement of Czermno (the old Grody Czerwieńskie). These objects are initially dated to the 12th century. These metal artefacts are researched, by application of the non-destructive testing methods, at the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków in cooperation with Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Rzeszów University. The research helped to enlarge the scientific scope of knowledge on Mediaeval materials and manufacturing techniques, while the conservation efforts gave back the proper artistic value to the artefacts from Czermno and allowed for the appropriate exhibition.

13

Analiza procesu ciągłego odlewania półwyrobów z brązu cynowo-cynkowo-ołowiowego przeznaczonych na obrabiane mechanicznie elementy armatury

72%

Wierzbicki Ł. , Cwolek B. , Juszczyk B. , Kulasa J. , Malec W.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2018

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tom Vol. 85, nr 9

322--326

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę procesu ciągłego odlewania półwyrobów z brązu cynowo-cynkowo-ołowiowego przeznaczonego na obrabiane mechanicznie elementy armatury. Przedstawiono wyniki badań zmierzające do określenia przyczyn powstawania wad podczas procesu ciągłego odlewania. W tym celu wykonano analizę procesu ciągłego odlewania, rodzaju, postaci stosowanych materiałów wsadowych i pomocniczych oraz powstających wad. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników badań, w celu udoskonalenia procesu, przedstawiono zakres wprowadzonych zmian i ich wpływ na jakość wytwarzanych wyrobów.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the continuous casting process of semi-finished product made of tin-zinc-lead bronze, designed to mechanically machined elements of fittings. The results of tests to determine the causes of defects during the continuous casting process are presented. For this purpose, an analysis of the continuous casting process, as well as the type, the form of batch and auxiliary materials, and the appeared defects were made. Based on the results of the research, in order to improve the process, the scope of introduced changes and their impact on the quality of manufactured products are presented.

14

Krystalizacja i mikrostruktura brązu CuAl10Fe5Ni5 po rafinacji

72%

Pietrowski S. , Kazimierczak J.

Archiwum Odlewnictwa

|

2005

|

tom R. 5, nr 17

477--496

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu różnych rafinatorów na krystalizację i mikrostrukturę brązu aluminiowo – żelazowo – niklowego. Wykazano, że rafinatory wpływają nie tylko na krystalizację brązu, ale również na wielkość fazy α, jej ułożenie Widmanstättena oraz występowanie oprócz faz Al3Fe i Al3Ni również roztworu stałego żelaza z rozpuszczonymi w nim: Al, Mn i Ni. W brązie rafinowanym 1% H3BO3 + 2% S występują siarczki (MnCu)S oraz (MnCuAl)S.

EN

In this paper results of influence of various refiners on the crystallization and the microstructure of aluminum-iron-nickel bronze have been presented. It was shown, that refiners have the influence on the bronze crystallization and on the size of α phase, its Widmanstätten’s arrangement and the occurance 3BO3Ni phases and solid solution of iron with Al, Mn and Ni too. In the bronze refining of 1% H3BO3 + 2% S occur (MnCu)S and (MnCuAl)S sulfides.

15

Development of Process Conditions for the Preparation of Copper Alloys Post-Production Chips for the Continuous Casting Process

72%

Malec W. , Cwolek B. , Brudny A. , Kulasa J. , Marek W. , Stolorz K. , Wróbel D. , Filipowicz A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 23, iss. 2

43--50

EN

The paper presents the results of research aimed at developing assumptions for the preparation of a charge in the form of fine scrap copper alloys (chips/shells) guaranteeing effective removal of impurities and obtaining a metal bath of the required metallurgical quality. The tests were conducted for tin-zinc-lead bronze of the CC499K grade. As part of the work, the characteristics of this type of waste available on the market were made in terms of quality and the possibility of their use for the production of both alloys and finished products, taking into account the elimination of harmful impurities that may ultimately affect the production process adversely. The subject of the work was the selection of appropriate waste cleaning methods in the form of an oily shell in the CC499K (CuZn5Sn5Pb2) grade and its drying in terms of increasing the use of impure waste from machining as scrap for direct melting. The waste was assessed in relation to individual parameters. The research was carried out on 3 groups of waste, with varying degrees of moisture.

16

Hera and the Sea. Decoding Dedications at the Samian Heraion

72%

Ringheim H. L.

Studia Hercynia

|

2019

|

tom 23

|

nr 1

11-25

EN

The paper examines the Near Eastern and Greek dedications at the Sanctuary of Hera in Samos during the 8th to 6th centuries BC. Contextualising the types of dedications and their origins indicate the identity of the dedicators, and whether they were Samians, other Greeks or from the Near East. Much scholarship has been devoted to the Samian Heraion and this paper contributes to these discussions by tracing the socio -economic and political objectives of the dedicators and bringing different theories into a single narrative. The paper presents a selection of votive dedications that embody broader exchanges: firstly as a political act between states; as a display of social power; the growing trade routes and role of sanctuary markets; and finally, the other modes of contact that emerged, such as mercenaries and pirates. Overall, the Samian Heraion played an essential role as a timely crossroads between the East and West, where the dedication practices shed light on the various groups of dedicators.

17

The use of arc welding processes in the additive manufacturing of metallic products

72%

Pańcikiewicz K.

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2020

|

tom Vol. 64, No. 5

43--48

EN

The article presents examples of additive manufactured products obtained using MIG /MAG welding processes (13). The research-related tests revealed that it is possible to make products of unalloyed steels having the structure similar to castings subjected to heat treatment. Products made of maraging steel require homogenising (heat treatment). It is possible to produce bimetallic products, e.g. unalloyed steel-bronze.

PL

Przedstawiono przykłady wyrobów kształtowanych przyrostowo w procesie spawania 13 (MIG/MAG). Badania wykazały, że możliwe jest wytworzenie wyrobu ze stali niestopowej o strukturze zbliżonej do odlewów po obróbce cieplnej. Wyroby wytwarzane ze stali maraging wymagają przeprowadzenia obróbki cieplnej obejmującej ujednoradnianie. Możliwe jest wytworzenie wyrobów bimetalicznych, np. stal niestopowa–brąz.

18

Hermès Dionysophore. Le bronze Lormier

72%

Bonnefoy A. , Feugère M.

Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization

|

2017

|

tom 21

143-172

EN

The ‘Lormier bronze’, named after its earliest known owner, is an exceptional statuette made of copper alloy. It is remarkable, both by its subject and its style, of very fine quality; but also by its state of conservation, namely its gilding, which allows us to contemplate, for once, such a statuette close to its original aspect. The iconography, rather rare in the field of small bronze figurines, clearly derives from the large statuary and illustrates a little-known episode of the Graeco-Roman mythology. Through the diverse possible models and their repercussion in the ‘minor arts’, the article allows to place this work in the Graeco-Roman production by following, in its main lines, the long way going from the original work to the series crafts, sometimes, as here, of high quality.

19

Artefacts from Krakow-Nowa Huta as an illustration of selected issues of research into prehistoric and mediaeval casting

72%

Garbacz-Klempka A. , Rzadkosz S. , Górski J.

Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering

|

2013

|

tom Vol. 39, no. 2

23--28

EN

An attempt to examine the earliest traces of non-ferrous metal metallurgy and casting in present-day Krakow has been made. The preparatory investigation has centred around a group of finds coming from a small section of the eastern part of the city, the area of Nowa Huta. The paper gives an overall view of objects ranging from the first copper artefacts from the territory of Poland in the 4th millennium BC through Lusatian bronzes and Celtic products to modern slag from Jan Thurzo’s copper smelter. The analysis, involving diverse copper or copper alloy artefacts, ornaments and tools – both imports and local products – has been aimed at preliminary identification of Krakow’s earliest metal artefacts in terms of their materials and methods of production, and at preparing the ground for further study. This multifaceted research is intended to result in a comparison of materials and techniques used in metallurgy and casting during the timespan of 5000 years.

PL

Podjęto próbę zbadania najstarszych śladów metalurgii i odlewnictwa metali nieżelaznych na terenie dzisiejszego Krakowa. Do pierwszych badań wybrano znaleziska z niewielkiego obszaru we wschodniej części Krakowa, obejmującego rejon Nowej Huty. Przedstawiono pierwsze zabytki miedziane z ziem polskich z IV tysiąclecia p.n.e., brązy kultury łużyckiej, wyroby celtyckie, aż po nowożytny żużel z huty miedzi Jana Thurzo. Do analizy wybrano zabytki miedziane i wykonane ze stopów miedzi, ozdoby i narzędzia, będące zarówno importami, jak i przedmiotami wykonanymi na miejscu. Celem pracy była wstępna identyfikacja materiałów, z których wykonano najstarsze zabytki metalowe odnalezione na terenie Krakowa, ustalenie technik wytwórczych, dzięki którym powstały, a także przygotowanie dalszych badań w tym zakresie. Rezultatem wielopłaszczyznowych badań będzie porównanie stosowanych surowców i materiałów oraz technik metalurgicz nych i odlewniczych na przestrzeni pięciu tysięcy lat.

20

Spawanie brązów aluminiowo-niklowych na przykładzie spawania śruby okrętowej z brązu Cu3.

72%

Jaworski P. , Skulimowski P.

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

|

2002

|

tom R. 46, nr 1

63-65

PL

Przedstawiono problemy występujące podczas spawania brązów aluminiowo-niklowych. Omówiono technologię spawania naprawczego odlewów śrub okrętowych z brązu Cu3 oraz spawania konstrukcyjnego, wykonywanego w celu modernizacji śrub uszkodzonych podczas modernizacji.

EN

It has been discussed the problems occuring in welding of aluminium-nickel bronzes as well as the technology of repair welding of propeller casting made of Cu3 bronze and that of constructional welding in order to modernize propellers damaged during their operation.