Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Determinants and Contents of the Resolutions of the Tenth Expanded Plenum of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Workers' Party (Communists) Concerning the Macedonian Question - August 1946

100%

Znamierowska-Rakk E.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

|

2004

|

tom 39

183-218

EN

The establishment of the official stand of the Bulgarian communists as regards the Macedonian question at the Tenth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Workers' Party (communist) in August 1946 ended an almost two-years long process, marked by the pressure exerted on Sofia by Belgrade and subservient Skopie for the purpose of incorporating the Bulgarian part of Macedonia into the Yugoslav Federation. However, as a result of the tenacious protest expressed by London and Washington, the Yugoslav leaders were compelled to suspend forcing through the direct incorporation of Pirot Macedonia into the People's Republic of Macedonia. Instead, they decided to pursue the profound Macedonianisation of a population, whose overwhelming majority regarded itself as Bulgarian. At the same time, it was planned to Macedonianise the Macedonian émigrés settled in assorted regions of Bulgaria.The instrument of this policy was, according to Belgrade, to assume the form of a national-cultural autonomy of the Bulgarian Macedonians. Nonetheless, this requirement caused among the Bulgarian leaders essential resistance and doubts, being perceived by society and the democratic opposition as contrary to the Bulgarian raison d'état. On the other hand, apart from the Yugoslav pressure on the Bulgarian Workers' Party a great impact was also exerted by the Soviet side, which opted for Macedonianisation. A further factor was the unregulated position of the Bulgarian state on the international arena - in the summer of 1946 the Paris Conference witnessed a struggle for determining the final conditions of the peace treaty with Bulgaria, forcing Sofia to turn for support to Belgrade. Yugoslavia's backing, especially in its capacity as a member of the anti-Nazi coalition, was of prime importance for Bulgarian interests. In this state of things, at the beginning of August 1946, the leaders of the Bulgarian communist party gathered at the Tenth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Workers' Party, approved a complex programme of the Macedonianisation of Pirot Macedonia, and a planned incorporation of this territory into the People's Republic of Macedonia as part of Tito's Yugoslavia.

2

Pierwsze organizacje Cyganów/Romów

100%

Marushiakova E. , Popov V.

Studia Romologica

|

2015

|

tom 8

13-28

EN

Over the past two decades the Roma issue has become one of the most current topics in European public space and also became especially relevant within academia. Despite of this there are still under-researched topics, such as history of the emer gence and development of Roma emancipatory movement on the eve of modern times. On base of archival research the article presents the first certainly documented testimony of Roma aspiration towards civil emancipation in “A letter to the editor” published in 1868; first attempt for self-organization of Roma from Bulgarian town of Vidin from 1910, the creation and activities of the first organizations in city of Sofia from 1919 and others. The article revails previously unknown facts about the history of Roma movement, reflecting the first of all attempts for empowerment of the Roma communities in the pre-industrial period and their struggle for equality in Eastern Europe. At the end in the article is proposed an explanation about the reasons for the rapid development of Roma movement especially in Southeastern Europe in context of their societal position.

3

The Plight of the Pomaks in Bulgaria

100%

Klejn Z.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

|

2004

|

tom 39

5-25

EN

The article discusses the origin of the so-called Pomak question in Bulgaria and the relations between this ethnic group, composed of the followers of Islam, and the Orthodox majority of their kinsmen. The author examined the reasons for the conflicts between two parts of the same nation, often based on false premises or outside provocation. Against this backdrop, the author described the tragic plight of the Pomaks, rejected as long as they remained loyal to their faith and the onomastic and costume elements associated with it. The author outlined the history of the titular ethnic group, totalling several hundred thousands, from the conversion to Islam to the present day. He also described the circumstances recognised by a considerable part of Bulgarian society as sufficient to accuse the Pomaks of opting for a stance at odds with Bulgarian national interest. The consequences led to numerous persecutions of the Pomaks and successive tides of emigration to Turkey, followed by the loss of national identity. Finally, he examines the stand of the most enlightened members of the Bulgarian intellectual and political elite, who for more than a century have been defending the Pomaks.

4

BULGARIA'S NATIONALITY PROBLEMS IN THE 20TH CENTURY

100%

Eberhardt P.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

|

2005

|

nr 27

53-70

EN

The first part of the article presents the historical context for the shaping of ethnic relations in the territory of contemporary Bulgaria. A statistical analysis of the ethnic composition of Bulgaria from the period of 1900 to 2001 demonstrates that, at the beginning of the 20th century, some 80 percent of the population of this country were ethnic Bulgarians. The most numerous minority were Muslim Turks. Despite massive political and demographic-social transformations, the numerical proportions of Bulgars and Turks have not change dramatically. The central section of the article takes a historical approach to the situation in Bulgaria in the interwar period, during World War Two, and in the Communist times. On the basis of statistical data from consecutive censuses, the evolution of the nation's ethnic structure is examined, with particular attention devoted to the issue of Macedonians and the so-called Pomacy - Muslims who speak the Bulgarian language. The conflict between Bulgarian authorities and the Turkish population in the 1980s is also discussed. The main part of the study discusses the ethnic situation of contemporary Bulgaria. Conclusions are based on the census of 2001, which surveyed nationality, language, and religion and presents a breakdown of the ethnic composition of Bulgaria's population. There are separate analyses for the entire country and for its 28 individual counties, which clearly illustrate the numbers and distribution of the ethnic Bulgarian population as well as the country's major national minorities (Turks, Pomacy, and Roma).

5

Personality Rights in Central and Eastern Europe. A domestic report: Bulgaria

100%

Hanev D.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

|

2013

|

tom XI

|

nr 3

9-24

EN

A particular feature of the Bulgarian system of civil law is the fact that it has not been codified and therefore consists of acts which regulate individual laws, i.e., contract law, property law, family law, law of succession, commercial law and labour legislation. The Bulgarian law lacks the definition of personality rights, and it is only the doctrine and case-law that can settle the question. It is accepted that personality rights are personal rights, non-alienable, intuitu personae, protected within the class of torts by indemnities and possessive actions. It is commonly thought that personality rights result from the essence of human nature and that their protection exceeds the civil law, involving also other branches of law. The Bulgarian doctrine divides personality rights into static (protecting indefeasible rights, such as bodily inviolability) and dynamic (protecting rights that can be executed by the subject of these laws, like freedom of choosing the place of abode). These rights are treated, basically, as non-property ones and as closely related to a physical person, and therefore, as a result, they expire after the physical person’s death. The copyright is an exception to the rule.

6

ŽENSKÉ OBRAZY BULHARSKEJ IDENTITY NA SLOVENSKU

100%

Mateeva V.

Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)

|

2010

|

tom 17

|

nr 1-2

122 – 134

EN

The contribution focuses on identification of Bulgarian living in the territory of Slovakia. It deals with the symbol of “being Bulgarian”, ethnicity, place of birth, and personal experiences. Basic ethno-cultural issues such as Bulgaria as a state or territory, Bulgarian language, material things, traditional cuisine, Bulgarian festivals are the target of our research. From realised interviews the author selected those opinions and impressions, which are connected with studied topic.

7

Media, Death, Dialogue. Social and Media Values in the Discourse about the ‘Family’ Suicides in Bulgaria

75%

Kanev P.

Communication Today

|

2015

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

98–110

EN

How media confront abnormal social trends speaks volumes about the prevailing social and journalism norms and values. Bleak economic and social conditions may give rise to suicides, which classical sociological theory views as a strong indicator of a society in a serious crisis and in need of reconstruction. Media coverage and especially comments on such grave events demonstrate the capacity and willingness of journalists to engage in a sensible communication on the issue, or attempt to divert the public’s attention from the crux of the matter. A value analysis is thus revealing of media’s motivation and the eventual outcome of its thorough or selective highlighting of an alarming situation. The study employs a qualitative type of content analysis to discover the willingness of media to engage in an honest dialogue on the larger picture. The conclusion is hardly optimistic: media in Bulgaria tend to eschew dialogue, provide narrow technocratic explanations of tragedies, developing insensitive blind spots for the wider reality, the social and the human, thus failing its mission. Since values change slowly and under the influence of long-term factors, this study provides an insight on the way cultivation forces have worked in the Bulgarian society and media.

8

ETNOLINGVISTIKATA NA GRANICATA MEŽDU DVE STOLETIJA

75%

Kitanova M.

Slavica Slovaca

|

2015

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

103 - 115

EN

The author of the article presents three major centres of the humanitarian discipline ethnolinguistics: Moscow, Lublin and Sofia. The Moscow ethnolinguistic school is called Slavonic ethnolinguistics; The Liublino ethnolinguistic school – the cognitive ethnolinguistics with its seven key concepts: linguistic worldview, stereotype, cognitive definition, viewpoint and interpretive perspective, profile, subject, values; And last but not least – the Centre for Ethnolinguistic Studies in Sofa, which the article refers to as – ethnolinguistic of the folk terminology. Also, there is a detailed review of the lexicographic products of those three major centres: Ancient Slavic, Encyclopaedia of Bulgarian folk spiritual culture, Thematic Dictionary of the Terms of the folk Calendar, Topical Dictionary of family rituals: Birth, Wedding, Funeral. Ethnolinguistic Lexicography has evolved as a separate field of ethnolinguistics, whose task is to collect, interpret and classify the ethno-cultural lexis. The radical meaning of the folk culture terminology is determined by the fact of its concomitance to the language and culture. The ethnolinguistics point of view is the only way this science to be explored and presented because only the language expresses each cultural code adequately and describes it in its entirety. The panel of authors propound a reference book, reflecting the spiritual culture of the Bulgarians in the wholeness of their ethnical and language territory through folk terms, related to the Bulgarian Rituals, Traditions and Believes. The presented encyclopaedias are pioneers (first of their kind) in the Bulgarian ethnolinguistic lexicography.

9

ANGELS IN WHITE COATS OR ANGELS OF DEATH? RUMOURS AND CONSPIRACY NARRATIVES ABOUT MEDICAL SPECIALISTS IN BULGARIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

75%

Ilieva A.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2022

|

tom 70

|

nr 3

328 – 348

EN

The article discusses a thematic group of rumours and conspiracy narratives, propagated mainly through Facebook, according to which the real culprits for the spread of the coronavirus infection and the growing number of deaths in Bulgaria are medical specialists. Since the very beginning of the pandemic, rumours about false COVID-19 diagnoses and particularly about falsified death acts have been intensively circulating on social media. In Facebook groups of COVID sceptics, a conspiracy theory has been constructed by stories, opinions, and ideas of monstrous corruption, fabrications of data, and deliberate contaminations during COVID-19 testing procedures, and putting to death through hospital treatment protocols. Following the approval of COVID-19 vaccines and their administration, pre-existing mistrust in medicine and pharmaceutics has escalated into open hostility and aggression towards medical specialists. The interpretation of these narrative forms unfolds in two directions. On the one hand, the peculiar logic and cultural practice of constructing a “medical conspiracy theory” are discussed. On the other hand, attention is drawn to its broad socio-cultural context and the longstanding problems of the Bulgarian healthcare system.

10

ST. NICHOLAS IN THE FOLKLORE OF THE OLD BELIEVERS IN BULGARIA

75%

Uzeneva E.

Slavica Slovaca

|

2017

|

tom 52

|

nr 2

103 - 109

EN

The article is devoted to the study of the traditional culture of the Old Believers residing in Bulgaria in the village Tataritsa (Southern Dobruja). The author analyses peculiarities of the folklore tradition and the Bulgarian influence on it as well as the ceremonial lexis and terminology; archaic features which remain in the ceremonies are also elucidated. Particular attention is paid to the popular cult of St. Nicholas.

11

PATRIARCHÁT NA BALKÁNĚ – DOMINANTNÍ IDEOLOGIE NEBO ŠKÁLA MOŽNOSTÍ? (NA PŘÍKLADU VOJVODOVA, OBCE ČECHŮ A SLOVÁKŮ V BULHARSKU)

75%

Budilová J. L.

Sociológia (Sociology)

|

2017

|

tom 49

|

nr 4

405 – 426

EN

The topic of the article is the scope and limits of the model of patriarchal gender relations in the Balkans. Ethnographic material of Vojvodovo, a village of Czechs and Slovaks in Bulgaria, is used to test the general applicability of this model. The author analyses sexual division of labour, inheritance practices or marriage strategies in Vojvodovo, as well as the local folk model of gender relations. Gender ideology and practice of gender relations of Vojvodovo villagers are set in the context of the Balkan societies to discuss to what extent this village presents an exception in the “Balkan patriarchal model”.

12

'KURBAN-BAYRAM' RITUAL IN BULGARIA - ETHNIC VARIETIES OF CELEBRATION. ETHNOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON FIELDWORK (Swieto 'Kurban-Bajram' w Bułgarii - o etnicznych odmianach swietowania. Refleksje etnologiczne z badan terenowych)

75%

Kijewska A. , Kuzma I.

Etnografia Polska

|

2009

|

tom 53

|

nr 1-2

61-90

EN

The article describes the festival of Kurban-Bayram, celebrated between 7th and 10th December 2008 in a town of Vyrbica in the north-east Bulgaria. The region is inhabited by a several ethnic groups such as: Bulgarians, Turks, two communities of Romanies, and others, where the Christianity and Islam are not considered as an ethnic criterion. Kurban, being a ritual during which a sacrifice of a domestic horned animal is made, was celebrated there with a few locally and ethnically conditioned variations. The article also discusses the process of ethnological research and the way of exploring the territory, as experienced by its authoresses working in this specific environment. Both formed a 'tandem', complementing each other. In this arrangement, one of them played a part of a 'guide' of the other, while the other one was a 'debutante', knowing neither the language nor the area. For both authoresses, however, the universal language, which allowed them to penetrate and approach these unknown and untamed regions, was the language of photography.

13

Macedonia and Her Diffi cult Neighbours on the Path to the EU

75%

Karadzoski M. , Adamczy A.

Yearbook of Polish European Studies

|

2014

|

tom 17

s.209-228

EN

Since 1991, when Macedonia became independent, integration with Western structures – the European Union and the NATO – has been its main foreign policy objective. All Macedonian governments have consistently worked towards implementing the political, economic and social reforms required by the Copenhagen criteria. To a certain extent, the EU appreciated Macedonia’s efforts: in 2005, it granted Macedonia, known as FYROM, the status of a candidate country. However, the implementation of internal reforms alone has proved insuffi cient to commence the accession negotiations. The path to the EU is still blocked by unsettled issues with Greece and Bulgaria. The government in Athens demands that Macedonia settle the dispute over its name and accuses it of appropriating Greek historical heritage. Sofi a, in turn, accuses Skopje of falsifying history and discriminating against the Bulgarian minority living on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia.

14

SPIRITUAL ASPECTS OF THE ORTHODOX ICON (Duchovnite aspekti na pravoslavnata ikona)

75%

Virbakov B.

Slavica Slovaca

|

2010

|

tom 45

|

nr 1

20-32

EN

The aim of the present article is to examine the spiritual aspects of the orthodox icon, i. e. of Byzantine figurative art. Based on the dogmatic formulation (Seventh Ecumenical Council, AD 787, Nicaea) of the nature and significance of the holy images, we will first turn our attention to their aesthetic influence, not from an artistic standpoint, since numerous works have already been written on the subject, but in regards to the category of beauty in terms of the theological thought. Second, we will examine the spiritual aspects of the icon, viz. historical, liturgical and dogmatic-canonical and morally edifying. One of the concerns of the discussion will be also the issue of the rightful understanding of the concept of Byzantine art, since Byzantine is oftentimes erroneously perceived as Greek, and not as east orthodox, especially by connoisseurs of classic orthodox icons. This misconception will be refuted in what follows below. With this conclusive view, and in order to make things fully clear, we will carry out a retrospective examination of the development of Christian art during the ages since the founding of the church in the first century AD, until the beginning of the Neo-Byzantine period in ecclesiastical art in the 15th century.

15

BUILDING A NEW IDENTITY ON RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS: A CASE STUDY OF A VILLAGE IN SOUTH-WESTERN BULGARIA

75%

Georgieva A.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2015

|

tom 63

|

nr 2

133 – 145

EN

The article deals with the restored role and significance of religion in Bulgarian society after the political change in 1989. The revived interest in religion covers a wider scope than the specific spiritual one: many shrines develop or reaffirm their significance as the identity marks of their region or of various ethnic and confessional groups. The case of St. Nedelya’s chapel near the village of Garmen is analysed. As a result of the author’s work as a scholar and of the activities on a civil project aimed at investigating and reviving the traditional heritage, the chapel itself, the religious narratives relevant to it and its two holidays become emblematic symbols for the local community. Subsequently the building of St. Anne’s church in the centre of the village is completed and a great number of villagers visit it on the big Christian holidays.

16

KURBAN IN KYZ ANA TEKKE - MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE SACRIFICE TRADITIONS IN THE MUSLIM SANCTUARY IN NORTH-EASTERN BULGARIA (Polish title below)

75%

Kijewska A. M.

Lud

|

2010

|

tom 94

285-306

EN

(Polish title: Kurban w Kyz Ana Tekke - wspolczesne przemiany tradycji ofiarniczych w sanktuarium muzułmanskim w połnocno-wschodniej Bulgarii). The article discusses the problems of Islam in modern Bulgaria and focuses on kurban, i.e. a practice of animal sacrifice by the tomb of a Muslim saint, in the so-called tekke. Bulgarian Islam is internally divided - there are the Sunnis and the Shiites, there is an ethnic diversity and local diversity. The followers of Bulgarian Islam include Sunni Muslims: Turks, Turkish Gypsy, Bulgarian Muslims (sometimes called Pomaks or Bulgarian Mohamedans), Tartars and Bulgarian Aliani, who are believed to be Shia Muslims.Religious organisations revived after the fall of the communist regime. Foreign national models of Islam penetrated into Bulgaria as a result of the education of clergy in Islamic states and as a result of globalisation processes. Many of these models are in opposition to the local traditions of Bulgarian Muslims, which include, e.g. the pilgrimage to tekke. The custom of blood sacrifice in tekke is becoming more and more popular, although veneration of the saints is in contradiction with the principles of the institutional Sunni Islam that gains in strength in Bulgaria. This article presents the changes in modern Muslim religiosity in Bulgaria and the dissonance between the Islam represented by Muslim clergy and the local variants of Islam. The material used in the article was collected during field research conducted by the author in 2008-2010 in Kyz Ana Tekke (120 km west of Varna) and in nearby villages.

17

BETWEEN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND SAVING THE WORLD: PRACTICES AND NARRATIVES BY THE FALUN DAFA COMMUNITY IN BULGARIA

75%

Manova A.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

|

2022

|

tom 70

|

nr 3

369 – 391

EN

This paper presents a research case study that explores in depth the question of the function of conspiracy theories and their uses among a religious community during a Global Pandemic. Falun Dafa is a new religious movement that emerged in China and was banned by the Chinese Communist Party. Growing into a global community, it has nowadays followers in many countries, including Bulgaria. The movement’s complex doctrine includes visions of the impending destruction of humanity. Today, they serve as a well-prepared coping mechanism to deal with the crisis, having set their apocalyptic expectations long before the advent of COVID-19. Based on years of observation of the community in Bulgaria, I explore how the conspiracy narratives, underlying this movement, help to reassure and restore psychological balance among followers and how the conspiratorial attitudes get stabilized in such situation of Global Crisis.

18

OD DOKUMENTÁRNOSTI K BELETRIZÁCII. OBRAZ BALKÁNU V STARŠEJ SLOVENSKEJ LITERATÚRE

63%

Brtáňová E.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

|

2018

|

tom 65

|

nr 5

332 - 351

EN

The very first attempts at travel literature include accounts of the journeys made by two Humanist scholars Pavol Rubigal and Ján Dernschwam, whose lives and activities were associated with Slovak mining towns. Both of the humanists joined the Hungarian delegation that travelled to Constantinople to deliver political messages to the sultan. Their works, which represent a type of documentary literature, also reflect on the countries on the Balkan peninsula, especially Serbia and Bulgaria. In his Latin-language poem Opis cesty do Konštantínopola/The Account of the Journey to Constantinople (Hodoeporicon itineris Constantinopolitani, Wittenberg 1544), written in elegiac couplets, Pavol Rubigal provides a negative picture of the Serbs, whose manners and customs are conditioned by the harsh environment. His point of view is influenced by the disagreements between the Serbian and Hungarian representations. Bulgaria seems to be more civilized country and the Bulgarians´ decent behaviour is explained as the result of their deep Christian conviction. Cestovný denník do Konštantínopola a Malej Ázie/The Constantinople and Asia Minor Travel Diary (Tagebuch einer Reise nach Konstantinopel und Kleinasien, 1553 – 1555) by Ján Dernchwam develops the type of travelogue which is exemplified by The Travels of Marco Polo in medieval literature. Nature and culture are often seen by the author from the perspective of his other (Slovak) homeland. When exploring Serbia and Bulgaria, he adopts the approach of confrontation. He takes notice of similarities (language, confession) and differences (landscape, inhabitants). The novel Ladislav (1838) by Karol Kuzmány seems like a travelogue featuring elements of fiction. As a whole it focuses on the subject of mother country and nation and develops the idea of Slavic togetherness, with regard to which it promotes the struggle of the Serbian nation for freedom as well as their literary culture. By means of the apotheosis of Serbia Kuzmány tries to stimulate the development of Slovak national life and culture.

19

TENANCY VS. OWNERSHIP RIGHTS. HOUSING RENT CONTROL IN SOUTHEAST AND EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE, 1918 – 1928

63%

Miletić A. R.

Mesto a dejiny

|

2016

|

tom 5

|

nr 1

51 – 74

EN

The article provides comparative perspectives on the development and dynamics of application of the housing rent control system in interwar Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. Specifically, the paper is focused on institutional shortcomings and anomalies of the system which came as a result of its long-term application. The paper will shed light on development of conception of tenancy right as confronted with previous conception of property ownership.

20

Kurban. Obětní slavnosti v Bulharsku

63%

Machova B.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

|

2008

|

tom 95

|

nr 2

173-190

EN

In Bulgaria, the word 'kurban' denotes bloody sacrifice brought to God, saints or mythical protectors of family group or the whole village. It represents a specific feature of spiritual culture that runs across the whole structure of traditional as well as contemporary folk customs in Bulgaria. The sacrifice of animal constitutes part of family, annual and work customs and church ceremonies. The article renders basic information on the roots and context of this custom and characterizes its traditional form. It focuses on the preparation of 'kurban' as ritual dish and the attitudes of the Orthodox Church to this custom. It traces the persistence of the custom in contemporary Bulgarian society, where the broad traditional family relations are being lost. The article is based on field research realized in the years 2005 and 2007 as well as the study of literature.