Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Powieść SF uwalniająca się od politycznych serwitutów

100%

Handke R.

Colloquia Humanistica

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2012

|

nr 1

EN

Science-Fiction Novel Liberates Itself from Political DuesThe present issue of "Colloquia Humanistica" contains Professor Ryszard Handke's two last essays, until now unpublished. They belong together and deal with the works of Stanisław Lem, namely with the creation of a sui generis dictionary of this outstanding sci-fi writer. Handke highlights the coming of a new age in the evolution of the genre, already foreshadowed in Lem's early novels. This new sci-fi abandons uncritical beliefs in the power of science leading man to the conquest of cosmos and to a perfection of Earth's civilization. In Handke's analysis, in his first essay discussing "Astronauts" and "Magellan's Nebula," and in the second devoted to "Eden," Lem's evolution starts from a blind faith in the Marxist progress of civilization based on materialistic technocracy and moves towards an increasingly open polemic with this point of view, clearly demonstrating the beginning of doubts or of caution against an excessive faith in progress. The author of the essays is principally interested in the linguistic layer of the novels, the sci-fi terminology designating phenomena, objects or equipments from the imagined future. Handke analyzes the world reflected in the language and attempts to assemble a corpus invented by Lem in order to create an illusion of the future. The language seen from the perspective of the two texts remains a meaningful platform, but not a transparent one. This is where the space of the author's game with the readers begins, the space of inter-textual, cultural references, where the mentioned earlier naiveté of the older science fiction breaks down and an element of doubt, surprise, or irony surfaces frequently. The use of concrete linguistic means is conditioned by the creation of a world displaying a clearly determined character that borrows its particularities from the linguistic image of a fictional quasi-reality. It also results from the applied technique of story telling, from ways of verifying narration and from mechanisms of the reader's understanding of the meaning of words as building blocks of the presented world. The first novel discussed by Handke – "Astronauts" (1951), remains in the essayist's view still in the optimistic current of science fiction; the "fantastic" terminology, while already foreshadowing Lem's later plays with words, is deeply rooted in the traditional perception of the technical world. In the later novel – "Magellan's Nebula" – the focus of interest veers to how to construct with words a world in extreme conditions, i. e. when mimetic support in creation and in spelling out relations between the linguistic signs and what they designate, is curtailed. That is why, the attention is not centered on the spaces where the author takes advantage of the possibility of referring to phenomena and names known to the broadcaster and to the receiver in the real reality. The narrational situation constructed in the novel relies also on the premise that not much had changed in these fields, despite the passage of centuries, because human nature remains significantly the same. Both novels, while a system of "fantastic" concepts has been imposed on the presented world, reflect in fact current socio-political problems that cannot be grasped outside of the context provided by the communist faith in progress. "Eden" on the other hand, shows Lem's wavering in his faith in progress. In the novel, Earth people face another civilization; the author of the essay compares this narrational situation to the building of utopia, only situated in the Cosmos. The linguistic layer here resembles Lem's mature works, where irony in the creation of words keeps the readers at a distance when they view the displayed world and makes them ponder the author's intention.

2

Narzędzia językowe w sytuacji ekstremalnej. Stanisława Lema fantastyczne światy ze słów

100%

Handke R.

Colloquia Humanistica

|

2012

|

nr 1

EN

Linguistic Tools in an Extreme Situation. Stanisław Lem’s Fantastic Worlds Built with WordsThe present issue of "Colloquia Humanistica" contains Professor Ryszard Handke's two last essays, until now unpublished. They belong together and deal with the works of Stanisław Lem, namely with the creation of a sui generis dictionary of this outstanding sci-fi writer. Handke highlights the coming of a new age in the evolution of the genre, already foreshadowed in Lem's early novels. This new sci-fi abandons uncritical beliefs in the power of science leading man to the conquest of cosmos and to a perfection of Earth's civilization. In Handke's analysis, in his first essay discussing "Astronauts" and "Magellan's Nebula," and in the second devoted to "Eden," Lem's evolution starts from a blind faith in the Marxist progress of civilization based on materialistic technocracy and moves towards an increasingly open polemic with this point of view, clearly demonstrating the beginning of doubts or of caution against an excessive faith in progress. The author of the essays is principally interested in the linguistic layer of the novels, the sci-fi terminology designating phenomena, objects or equipments from the imagined future. Handke analyzes the world reflected in the language and attempts to assemble a corpus invented by Lem in order to create an illusion of the future. The language seen from the perspective of the two texts remains a meaningful platform, but not a transparent one. This is where the space of the author's game with the readers begins, the space of inter-textual, cultural references, where the mentioned earlier naiveté of the older science fiction breaks down and an element of doubt, surprise, or irony surfaces frequently. The use of concrete linguistic means is conditioned by the creation of a world displaying a clearly determined character that borrows its particularities from the linguistic image of a fictional quasi-reality. It also results from the applied technique of story telling, from ways of verifying narration and from mechanisms of the reader's understanding of the meaning of words as building blocks of the presented world. The first novel discussed by Handke – "Astronauts" (1951), remains in the essayist's view still in the optimistic current of science fiction; the "fantastic" terminology, while already foreshadowing Lem's later plays with words, is deeply rooted in the traditional perception of the technical world. In the later novel – "Magellan's Nebula" – the focus of interest veers to how to construct with words a world in extreme conditions, i. e. when mimetic support in creation and in spelling out relations between the linguistic signs and what they designate, is curtailed. That is why, the attention is not centered on the spaces where the author takes advantage of the possibility of referring to phenomena and names known to the broadcaster and to the receiver in the real reality. The narrational situation constructed in the novel relies also on the premise that not much had changed in these fields, despite the passage of centuries, because human nature remains significantly the same. Both novels, while a system of "fantastic" concepts has been imposed on the presented world, reflect in fact current socio-political problems that cannot be grasped outside of the context provided by the communist faith in progress. "Eden" on the other hand, shows Lem's wavering in his faith in progress. In the novel, Earth people face another civilization; the author of the essay compares this narrational situation to the building of utopia, only situated in the Cosmos. The linguistic layer here resembles Lem's mature works, where irony in the creation of words keeps the readers at a distance when they view the displayed world and makes them ponder the author's intention.

3

Exploring identity construction: A case study from an online forum

100%

Sawyer S.

tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs

|

2013

|

nr 6

241-261

EN

Without access to physical cues normally present in face-to-face interaction or extralinguistic information, like ethnographic background or physical attributes, multiple salient online identities, (collectively labelled as a personal identity cluster), can be crafted by exploiting the tools available within the online medium. By examining the language choices of a single participant to an online discussion board, it is shown how identity can be created through interaction, utilizing principles of emergence, indexicality (labels, stances), relationality (positive and negative), and positionality (temporary roles) and partialness. Identity, as described through the standpoint of sociocultural linguistics, is thereby a performance created for and modified through interaction with others. Examples from a case study are shown to validate and enrich this theoretical position.

PL

W komunikacji za pośrednictwem internetu uczestnicy muszą obejść się bez informacji pozajęzykowych, które są normalnie dostępne w komunikacji bezpośredniej, takich jak pochodzenie czy wygląd. Dlatego w kontekście komunikacji online możliwe jest tworzenie różnorakich tożsamości (zwanych zbiorczo zlepkami tożsamości osobowych) przy wykorzystaniu jedynie środków dostępnych w tym medium. Analizując wybory językowe jednego uczestnika forum dyskusyjnego, autorka pokazuje jak można skonstruować tożsamość poprzez interakcję. W swoich badaniach autorka używa pięciu reguł tworzenia takich tożsamości zaproponowanych przez Bucholtz i Hall w 2005: zasady pojawiania się, indeksowania (etykiet, podejścia), zależności (pozytywnej i negatywnej), reguły pozycyjności (tymczasowych ról) oraz zasady złożoności. Tożsamość, opisana z punktu widzenia lingwistyki socjo-kulturowej, jest więc definiowana jako produkt, który jest wynikiem komunikowania się z innymi. Przykłady zaczerpnięte z badań autorki nad internetowym forum dyskusyjnym potwierdzają tę teorię i oferują możliwości jej dalszego rozwinięcia.

DE

In der Online-Kommunikation, anders als es in der direkten Kommunikation der Fall ist, haben die Kommunikationspartner keine Informationen über ihre Herkunft oder das Aussehen. Aus diesem Grund entsteht die Notwendigkeit, in der Online-Kommunikation die Identität (auch Konglomerat von Identitäten genannt) mittels sprachlicher Mittel, die in der online Kommunikation zugänglich sind, auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise herzustellen. Die Autorin zeigt, wie man durch eine Online-Interaktion die Identität konstruieren kann, indem die Sprache eines Teilnehmers von Online-Diskussionsforum analysiert wird. Dabei bezieht sich die Autorin auf fünf Regeln der Identitätskonstruierung, die von Bucholtz und Hall (2005) entwickelt wurden, z. B. das Prinzip der Emergenz, der Indexikalität, der Relationalität, der Positionalität und der Komplexität. Aus der Perspektive der sozio-kulturellen Linguistik ist die Identität ein Produkt, das erst in der Interaktion entsteht. Die angeführten Beispiele bestätigen die Theorie und bieten die Möglichkeit ihrer weiteren Entwicklung.

4

Features of the content-analysis method for text categorization of commercial content in processing online newspaper articles

100%

Vysotska V. , Chyrun L.

Applied Computer Science

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2015

|

tom Vol. 11, no 1

15--30

EN

This paper presents the features of text categorization of commercial content in linguistic modelling. Description of syntax sentence modelling is applied to automate the processes of analysis and synthesis of texts in natural language for commercial content categorization. This article suggests methods of content analysis for online newspaper. The model describes the processing of information resources systems of content analysis and simplifies the technology of content management system automation. General problems of syntactical and semantic content analysis and functional services of content management system are analysed.

5

O gramatyce stylistycznej

100%

Skubalanka T.

Stylistyka

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2012

|

tom 21

423-424

EN

The author makes a revision of the newest Polish publications dealing with stylistic gram mar and claims that there are many research possibilities still open in these works.

6

Second Order Coherence: A new way of looking at incoherence in texts

100%

Ulbaek I.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2016

|

tom 2

167-179

EN

By using van Dijk’s concept of coherence and bringing it together with my Principle of meaning iconicity, we have a new way of looking at incoherence in texts. The principle says that closely related information is meaningfully related on a pragmatic level, an instruction to the reader to relate the information to each other. It is demonstrated by textual analysis that the concept of coherence can be used analytically by dividing it into first and second order coherence. First order coherence is the usual concept of coherence: sentences are connected by cohesive links and related by causality, time etc. Second order coherence is a way of organizing text by using incoherence as a way of organizing text into chunks of coherent parts. It is shown how readers can detect these structures in the text by detecting the incoherence even without the layout of the text to signal structure (e.g. indention of paragraphs).

7

Textanalyse oder Textinterpretation? Überlegungen aus textlinguistischer Sicht

100%

Błachut E.

Studia Germanica Posnaniensia

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2018

|

nr 39

89-103

EN

Dealing with texts may mean using various research methods. The present paper discusses two such methodological approaches: text analysis and text interpretation. It is concerned, initially theoretically, with the question how these approaches can be explained from the text-linguistics point of view and separated from each other. After that a short text material is used to illustrate the thesis that analyzing and interpreting texts are two different forms of dealing with texts.

8

Strategia przetwarzania dokumentów tekstowych oparta na heurystycznej analizie danych

100%

Leja M. , Jóźwiak I. J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2015

|

tom z. 86

499--505

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problem związany z przetwarzaniem dokumentów tekstowych przez człowieka. Zaproponowano heurystyczne podejście, inspirowane sposobem, w jaki ludzki mózg przetwarza dokumenty tekstowe, które może zostać wykorzystane do usprawnienia tego procesu. Przedstawiony algorytm rozpoznaje frazy na podstawie zdefiniowanego zbioru znanych fraz oraz cech indywidualnych danej frazy. Efektem działania algorytmu jest zbiór rozpoznanych fraz oraz odpowiadająca im pozycja w tekście.

EN

The paper presents the problem of processing text documents. It proposes a heuristic approach, inspired by the way the human brain processes text documents, which can be used to facilitate this process. The algorithm recognizes phrases based on a defined set of known phrases and individual characteristics of the phrase. The result of the algorithm is a set of identified phrases, and the corresponding position in the text.

9

A "natural" approach to text complexity

88%

Merlini Barbaresi L.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

|

2011

|

tom 47

203

EN

Recent studies on linguistic complexity (Miestamo 2006, 2009, Miestamo et al. 2008) offer me the opportunity for comparing and re-discussing some major theoretical concepts that were at the basis of my model on textual complexity (2002, 2003, 2004) and which are also fundamental assumptions in those studies. Comparability is limited by the different objects of analysis, text in my research vs. cross-linguistic grammars there, but it is justified by a strong similarity in the very conceptualisation of complexity and in the criteria for defining it. The aim of this paper is to re-propose and further elaborate on my theoretical approach and confirm its validity. Text complexity is viewed as an instance of system complexity and text as a complex system. The analysis of text complexity under this light presupposes conceiving of the text as a dynamic configuration of components that, in the course of the text progression, variously interplay and with varied effects. The theory of complex systems offers good instruments for modelling this type of interplay and for explaining the changes and readjustments that follow. A theory of naturalness/markedness can help motivate and predict the emergence, type and scope of textual complexity.

10

Cohesion — Between Instruction and Execution

88%

Kucelman E.

Anglica Wratislaviensia

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2018

|

nr 56

273 - 294

EN

The paper seeks to present a practical use of reference chains analysis in the grading process of EFL university students’ final practical English examination. The process of grading writing is always perceived as both tedious and subjective not only by the students but also by the examiners. The criteria listed by Cambridge English Language Assessment Department are very general, which makes examiners often adopt an impressionistic perspective while marking the content of the written assignment. At the same time, students often feel dissatisfied with the teacher’s comments on their performance, they cannot clearly see the mistakes in the text structure they have made and often feel unfairly graded. Using reference chains and collocations as one of the steps in the process of written work evaluation makes it possible to put forward clear, straightforward criteria for text organization. It gives immediate insight into the text structure, paragraph organization, superstructure layout and the level of correspondence between the original task and the actual student’s output. By being conducted as a series of precisely defined steps, according to a fixed checklist, it makes it possible for the examiner to draw objective criteria for grading writing. The empirical part of the paper focuses on the analysis of reference chains and collocations identified in the written examination of 15 first year students of English philology.

11

Na styku języków i kultur. Recenzja książki Agnieszki Dudek-Szumigaj, Inskrypcje nagrobne pogranicza polsko-ukraińskiego. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2018; 337 str.

88%

Jarosz J.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2021

|

nr 14

365–372

EN

This article is a review of a monograph on genological research on speech species. The objects of this publication are tomb inscriptions from over 60 necropolises in the north-eastern Lublin Region, which is situated within the borders of the Orthodox Lublin-Chelm Diocese and in the western part of the Volyn oblast in Ukraine. These are ethnically, linguistically, culturally and religiously non-homogeneous areas. The analysis takes into consideration the structure, the type of the functions fulfilled by grave inscriptions, the pragmatic aspect and cultural specificity of the analyzed texts. The subject of the review is to discuss the content of the publication and to implement the research goals undertaken by the author. In assessing the scientific value of the monograph, the current methodological solutions and the role of the study in the context of the state of research in Polish text linguistics were taken into account. The reviewed monograph is a reliable empirical study, however, the adopted description model does not take into account semiotic features that would complete the information about the analyzed texts. The book may be a contribution to Slavonic dialectological studies, especially to the indication of mutual Polish-Ukrainian interferences. It constitutes a source for studying the vocabulary of the borderland. The work may be used for comparative studies of funeral texts.

12

Maski Batmana. Kostium jako element narracji superbohaterskiej w komiksie

75%

Żaglewski T.

ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura

|

2018

|

nr 37

EN

Tomasz ŻaglewskiDepartment of Culture StudiesAdam Mickiewicz Unversity in PoznańPoland Masks of Batman. The Costume as an Element of Superhero Narratives in Comics The main goal of the article is to present the theme of mask and costume in the superhero comic’s narratives as a key element not only for visual aspects of superheroes but also theirs psychological background. Using an example of Darwyn Cooke’s “Batman: Ego” comic book, the author presents a mask and a costume as “subjectified” creations in Cooke’s work. They become a starting points for a comic book’s stories which concentrate on the multilayered dependence between the mask-ed and un-mask-ed personality of a hero.Keywords: theory of comics, history of comics, text analysis

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie problematyki maski oraz kostiumu w komiksowych narracjach superbohaterskich, jako kluczowego elementu nie tylko w zakresie konstruowania wizualnego aspektu superbohaterów, ale także ich psychologicznego tła. Posługując się wybranym przykładem tego typu narracji – komiksem „Batman: Ego” Darwyna Cooke’a – autor stara się przedstawić figurę maski oraz kostiumu jako „upodmiotowione” w dziele Cooke’a twory, które mogą stać się punktem wyjścia dla konstruowania konkretnych fabuł komiksowych, stawiających w swoim centrum niejednoznaczne zależności pomiędzy za-maskowaną a zde-maskowaną osobowością wybranego bohatera. Masks of Batman. The costume as an element of a superhero narratives in comics The main goal of the article is to present the theme of mask and costume in the superhero comic’s narratives as a key element not only for visual aspects of superheroes but also theirs psychological background. Using an example of Darwyn Cooke’s “Batman: Ego” comic book, the author presents a mask and a costume as “subjectified” creations in Cooke’s work. They become a starting points for a comic book’s stories which concentrate on the multilayered dependence between the mask-ed and un-mask-ed personality of a hero.

13

USING CORPORA TO AID QUALITATIVE TEXT ANALYSIS

75%

Olejniczak J.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2018

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tom 9

|

nr 2

154-164

EN

Aim. The aim of this paper is to present and exemplify a number of basic uses of corpus-based text analysis tools that can supplement and provide additional insight for an otherwise qualitative analysis of a text. I attempt to show that nowadays certain corpus tools are easily accessible to any researcher and can be used to enrich the results of studies concerned with texts. Methods. This paper comprises the basics of corpus building, the main types of data that can be drawn from a simple corpus and a detailed description of four methods that can aid text analysis: wordlists, concordances, dispersion plots and keywords. Each of those four methods is thoroughly described, including a number of examples of its applications and indicates its possible limitations. Results. The examples provided suggest that even performing a very simple corpus analysis of a text might unveil certain trends and phenomena not noticeable through the classic qualitative text analysis methods (e.g. close reading). The paper argues that corpus research can hence work as an extension of a quantitative analysis (or be its starting point) by examining themes and keywords present in a given text and enrich the results of a qualitative study with a fresh perspective. Finally, the paper claims that basic corpus analysis can, in fact, be successfully employed by researchers who do not have any prior experience with statistics or corpora.

14

Analysing ESP Texts, but How?

75%

Borza N.

Practice and Theory in Systems of Education

|

2015

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

1-15

EN

English as a second language (ESL) teachers instructing general English and English for specific purposes (ESP) in bilingual secondary schools face various challenges when it comes to choosing the main linguistic foci of language preparatory courses enabling non-native students to study academic subjects in English. ESL teachers intending to analyse English language subject textbooks written for secondary school students with the aim of gaining information about what bilingual secondary school students need to know in terms of language to process academic textbooks cannot avoiding deal with a dilemma. It needs to be decided which way it is most appropriate to analyse the texts in question. Handbooks of English applied linguistics are not immensely helpful with regard to this problem as they tend not to give recommendation as to which major text analytical approaches are advisable to follow in a pre-college setting. The present theoretical research aims to address this lacuna. Respectively, the purpose of this pedagogically motivated theoretical paper is to investigate two major approaches of ESP text analysis, the register and the genre analysis, in order to find the more suitable one for exploring the language use of secondary school subject texts from the point of view of an English as a second language teacher. Comparing and contrasting the merits and limitations of the two contrastive approaches allows for a better understanding of the nature of the two different perspectives of text analysis. The study examines the goals, the scope of analysis, and the achievements of the register perspective and those of the genre approach alike. The paper also investigates and reviews in detail the starkly different methods of ESP text analysis applied by the two perspectives. Discovering text analysis from a theoretical and methodological angle supports a practical aspect of English teaching, namely making an informed choice when setting out to analyse texts in English. It can be concluded from the literature that the register perspective yields more readily applicable data of text analysis for ESL teachers instructing in a pre-college environment. Besides teachers working in bilingual secondary school, the pedagogical conclusions of the study are also useful for teachers instructing in international secondary schools where the language of education is English and the alumni comprise non-native students.

15

Interpretation of a verbal-visual communication

75%

Habrajska G.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

|

2017

|

tom 43

|

nr 5

131-146

EN

In contemporary internet-dominated everyday life, ever more often one faces communications which utilise both verbal (words) and iconic (images) codes. In the article, I analyse two types of said communications: advertisements and memes. Both advertising content and memes belong to journalistic discourse. Therefore, one can analyse them using the same methods as verbal opinion texts, which require one to specify the situational background, the specific situation, the persuasive/ propaganda aim, and to standardise arguments. At the same time, memes are included in comical discourse, to analyse which it is necessary to be able to juxtapose the actual image with the presented image.

16

Struktura predykatowo-argumentowa jako narzędzie analizy tekstu: pro et contra

75%

Szumska D.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

|

2017

|

tom 52

EN

The predicate-argument structure as a tool for text analysis: pro et contraThe aim of the present paper is to take part in the discussion about semantic syntax, also known as predicate-argument syntax on account of its key concepts. The article deals with the problem of the limited effectiveness of the model caused by the lack of an objective method of distinguishing arguments from adjuncts, which is crucial to defining the scope of propositional structure under analysis. The final conclusion is that the theory of predicative-argument structure needs to be reexamined in the light of the results of text corpora analysis that is more reliable than artificially prepared linguistic data. Struktura predykatowo-argumentowa jako narzędzie analizy tekstu: pro et contraCelem prezentowanego artykułu jest wzięcie udziału w dyskusji na temat składni semantycznej, określanej też jako składnia predykatowo-argumentowa ze względu na kluczowe pojęcia, którymi operuje. Rozważania koncentrują się na problemie ograniczonej efektywności modelu, spowodowanej brakiem obiektywnej procedury rozróżniania argumentów od adiunktów, co stanowi podstawę określenia granic poddawanej analizie struktury propozycjonalnej. Wnioski końcowe sprowadzają się do postulatu przetestowania możliwości metodologicznych modelu na szeroko zakrojonej analizie korpusów tekstów.

17

Using text analysis for evaluating the behaviour of rates of return from the WIG20 index

75%

Niedzielska E.

Business Informatics. Informatyka Ekonomiczna

|

2020

|

nr 1 (55)

69-79

EN

The aim of the article is to indicate the possibility of using text analysis for the research of dynamics of the Polish capital market. The first part of the article notes the changes which took place within the data market in recent years and their impact on the discounting of information by stock market investors. The Information Effectiveness Hypothesis and the paradigm of behavioural finance are the basis of theoretical considerations. The second part presents the result of a study, the objective of which was to build an algorithm allowing the prediction of the WIG20 index rates of return based on text data. The test sample consisted of 901 papers published in the “Parkiet” magazine and 748 daily rates of return. The study was conducted using algorithms processing natural language and decision trees used for classification. The results of the study allowed an indication of a model in which the precision and accuracy indicators exceeded a score of 50%

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie możliwości wykorzystania analizy tekstu do badań nad dynamiką polskiego rynku kapitałowego. W pierwszej części artykułu opisano zmiany, jakie w ostatnich latach nastąpiły na rynku danych, oraz ich wpływ na dyskontowanie informacji przez inwestorów giełdowych. U podstaw teoretycznych rozważań leży klasyczna hipoteza efektywności informacyjnej oraz paradygmat finansów behawioralnych. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki badania, którego celem było zbudowanie algorytmu umożliwiającego przewidywanie stóp zwrotu indeksu WIG20 na podstawie danych tekstowych. Próba badawcza składa się z 901 artykułów czasopisma Parkiet, które zawierały w tytułach sformułowanie „WIG20”, oraz 748 dziennych stóp zwrotu. Badanie przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem algorytmów przetwarzania języka naturalnego oraz drzew decyzyjnych. Wskazano model, którego wskaźniki precyzji i dokładności przekraczały 50%.

18

Personal and sensational vs. impersonal and objective: A historical overview of patient presentation in medical case reports

75%

Murawska M.

tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs

|

2013

|

nr 6

185-202

EN

This paper reviews and discusses the literature regarding the evolution of medical case reports with particular emphasis on patient presentation. It demonstrates how developments in medicine, i.e. increasingly sophisticated diagnostic and treatment procedures, affected both the structure and content of the genre, which is reflected in Bazerman’s (1988) claim that scientific discourses are shaped and constantly modified by particular disciplines. The paper commences with the originsof case reports, touches upon the revolutionary changes in medicine of the nineteenth century, progresses to the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and finishes with a description of contemporary case reports. It argues that as technological advancement progressed, case reports changed from subjective stories about the extraordinary to impersonal medical accounts. Therefore, by demonstrating how scientific discoveries and intellectual trends in medicine shaped the modes of patient presentation, the patient’s perspective will be adopted, which is in line with recent patient-centred trends in medical practice.

DE

Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Fachliteratur zur Evolution des medizinischen Fallberichts als einer Textsorte, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Patientendarstellung. Die Arbeit präsentiert, wie die medizinische Entwicklung, d. h. wie die weiter fortgeschreitenden Diagnostik- und Behandlungsprozeduren die Struktur und den Inhalt dieser Textsorte beeinflussen. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet die Annahm von Bazermans (1988), dass der wissenschaftliche Diskurs ununterbrochen von bestimmten Disziplinen gestaltet und modifiziert wird. Die Arbeit beginnt mit der Geschichte des Fallberichts, bespricht die revolutionären Änderungen der Medizin des 19. Jahrhunderts, geht weiter ins 20. und 21. Jahrhundert und endet mit einer Darstellung von aktuellen Fallberichten. Der Aufsatz strebt außerdem an, nachzuweisen, dass mit dem technologischen Fortschritt die Fallberichte ihren Charakter von subjektiven außergewöhnlichen Geschichten zu unpersönlichen medizinischen Berichten geändert haben, was auch einen Einfluss auf das Bild des Patienten hatte.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje przegląd i dyskusję literatury dotyczącej ewolucji medycznego opisu przypadku jako gatunku z uwzględnieniem sposobu zobrazowania w nim pacjenta. Zostanie pokazane jak rozwój medycyny, tj. coraz bardziej zaawansowane procedury diagnozowania i leczenia, wpłynęły zarówno na strukturę jak i treść gatunku, przyjmując twierdzenie Bazermana (1988), iż dyskursy naukowe są kształtowane i stale modyfikowane przez poszczególne dyscypliny. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od opisu początków gatunku, wymienia rewolucyjne zmiany w medycynie w XIX w., omawia wiek XX i XXI, aby zakończyć się charakterystyką współczesnych opisów przypadku. Zostanie również pokazane, jak wraz z postępem technologicznym, opisy przypadku zmieniły się z subiektywnych niesamowitych opowieści w bezosobowe opisy medyczne, co miało także wpływ na obraz pacjenta.

19

Cowboy and Samurai Values and Their Exponents in the Western "A Fistful of Dollars" (1964) and Its Predecessor the Samurai Movie "Yojimbo" (1961): Proposal of a Methodological Framework for Axiological Analyses of Multimodal Filmic Texts

75%

Stańko P.

Anglica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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nr 57

149-165

EN

This paper focuses on the issue of valuations and values in the chosen movies linked by the relationship of remaking. Its goal is to show that the complexity of multimodal texts, to which filmic texts and therefore remakes belong, makes it necessary to examine the axiological level of film texts too. In this way we hope to prove that the amply justified and evidenced axiological aspects of language (cf. Krzeszowski, Angels, Aspekty, Equivalence; Puzynina, “Językoznawstwo”, Język) are also a property of primarily visual film texts. Consequently, the very aspects of the relationship of remaking itself that the two films share, i.e. the fact that the film A Fistful of Dollars (1964) is a remake of Yojimbo (1961), is not examined in this paper. Instead, we restricted our attempt to showing how axiological charges and values are expressed in the process of remaking. The basis of the analysis is the compositional level and the compositional-narrative structure of filmic texts, a choice which correlates with the approach to multimodality of filmic texts described in Post (Film). The sample axiological analysis presented in the fourth section of this paper relies on the approaches of Krzeszowski (Angels, Meaning), Puzynina (“Językoznawstwo”, Język) and Post (Film). With the instruments selected from these works we underline the differences and similarities between values and axiological charges present in both films as well as their importance and impact on the overall meaning of filmic segments.

20

Automated Creation of Parallel Bible Corpora with Cross-Lingual Semantic Concordance

75%

Dörpinghaus J. , Düing C.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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tom Vol. 25

111--114

EN

Here we present a novel approach for automated creation of parallel New Testament corpora with cross-lingual semantic concordance based on Strong's numbers. There is a lack of available digital Biblical resources for scholars. We present two approaches to tackle the problem, a dictionary-based approach and a CRF model and a detailed evaluation on annotated and non-annotated translations. We discuss a proof-of-concept based on English and German New Testament translations. The results presented in this paper are novel and according to our knowledge unique. They present promising performance, although further research is necessary.