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PL
Festiwale światła w naszej części świata mają już wieloletnią tradycję, na czele z najpopularniejszym lyońskim Fete des Lumieres odbywającym się od 1989 r. na początku grudnia.
EN
Samples of long term exploited geothermal waters sometimes show that composition of water has been changed during the exploitation. Those changes can be caused by neglecting appropriate standards application during of sampling or other factors such as: chemical and biological nature of the samples, their temperature, exposure to light, sort of container used, time between sampling and a chemical analysis and overall conditions during transport (ISO 5667-3:2012). The European Union directive (DT 2009) indicates necessity of implementation of the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) program related to water monitoring. According to ISO 5667-1:2006 there is no universal QA/QC program, which could be used for all purposes. Therefore, it is very important to develop an individual field QA/QC program for each research, which will be optimum for a particular purpose of a research. ISO 5667-14:2004 standard precisely describes techniques used for quality assurance purposes: – in order to determine precision of sampling, it assumes collecting duplicate samples, – in order to monitor samples contamination, it assumes analysis of field blank samples, – in order to determine sample stability during transport and storage, it assumes analysis of spiked samples – samples with the addition of analyte. Objective of our work was to design the QA/ QC program for geothermal waters from PG-P1 and PG-P3 wells in Bańska Niżna exploited by Geotermia Podhalańska Company. It will supplement to the ongoing research. It will involve collection of control samples (duplicate, field blank and spiked), which allows establishing reliability of obtained results of physico-chemical analysis. Designed program is also a part of extensive monitoring, which will be used to determine the changes of water chemical composition in a given time and to compare them with results from previous monitoring series.
EN
This article presents the results of research carried out on the formation of light parameters of the phosphor coatings and surfaces of fluorescent lamps. Particular attention has been paid to those parameters which influence the formation of light parameters such as light efficacy and ripple. The results of the measurements of light efficacy and light ripple are given in terms of the thickness of coatings and some of the physical parameters of phosphors used in AC powered mains frequency fluorescent lamps. On the basis of attained results the conclusions are given concerning the efficacy of light and the depth of light ripple in the function of the thickness of phosphor coating.
PL
Rok 2015 to okrągła rocznica kilku ważnych wydarzeń naukowych, związanych ze światłem oraz technologią świetlną. Aby je uczcić, Zgromadzenie ONZ postanowiło okrzyknąć 2015 r. Międzynarodowym Rokiem Światła i Technologii Wykorzystujących Światło. Fakt ten skłania do refleksji nad współczesnym znaczeniem światła.
PL
Światło naturalne jest w architekturze sakralnej nad wyraz ważne – pełni nie tylko funkcje użytkowe, ale także tworzy nastrój. Właściwie zakomponowane światło zapewnia nam nie tylko dobre samopoczucie, ale także umożliwia podziwianie wizji twórcy i wystroju wnętrz. Światło jest integralnym elementem formowania obiektów o funkcji religijnej.
EN
Natural light in sacred architecture is extremely important, it not only performs utilitarian function, but it also functions to build the atmosphere inside the object. Good composition of light makes us not only feel good, but also makes it possible to admire the vision of artist and the interior design. Light is an integral element in forming objects of religious functions.
PL
Współczesne miasto atakuje nas ogromną ilością wielowarstwowych, agresywnych informacji sensualnych. W ich natłoku publiczna przestrzeń miejska powinna stać się oazą spokoju, gdzie będzie można oderwać się od pędu codziennego życia.
PL
Światło w przestrzeni publicznej nie tylko zapewnia poczucie bezpieczeństwa, ale i pokazuje, jak ciekawie mogą być zaaranżowane nabrzeża rzek czy przydrożne wyspy pełne zieleni.
PL
Od początków swego istnienia Lyon związany jest ze światłem w różnej jego postaci. Już w pierwotnej nazwie miasta – Lugdunum – kryją się odniesienia do niego. „Dunum”w języku galijskim oznacza fortecę lub wzniesienia, a słowo „lug” może być interpretowane dwojako. Z jednej strony jest to celtyckie bóstwo słońca i błyskawic. Z drugiej, odnosi się do łacińskiego słowa lux, czyli światło.
EN
The article is about the popularity of the idea of the “architecture of light” in the German architectural disputation of the turn of the 1920’s and 1930’s. The significance of electric light in the shaping of architectural compositions increased in Germany after the First World War. Light advertisements emphasizing modern and functionalist nature of buildings started to appear on façades of face-lifted tenement houses. Neon signs were often integrated with the form of façades. German (mostly Berlin) architectural avant-garde circles often proposed development of “architecture of light”: the inclusion of light in the whole architectural design to embellish buildings with entirely new, original but also simple, compositions of effects becoming visible after dark. The night appearance of a building could be styled by ribbon windows, neon signs or tall store displays. Electric light became an add-on to architecture or even, as in the designs by Hans Poelzig or Erich Mendelsohn, a “material” equally important as steel, ferroconcrete and glass.
EN
The relations between Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and both the number of silver fir (Abies alba) seedlings per unit area and their height growth were investigated. The study was carried out in the Sudety Mts (SW Poland, 50°28' N, 16°19' E), in a forest stand dominated by spruce (Picea abies), growing on site of mixed broad-leaved mountain forest. This site type is very commonly colonized by silver fir in this part of Europe. The number of fir seedlings per unit area decreased with growing PPFD values, whereas seedling height increased. Our results suggest that greater access of sunlight, at least within the recorded PPFD range (0-40% of full irradiation) improves the growth conditions of fir seedlings but at the same time the spread of grasses (mainly Deschampsia flexuosa) inhibits the rooting and development of new seedlings. Thus regenerative felling should be conducted in forest stands in these places where fir seedlings are numerous.
EN
The essay attempts to consider the relation between light and darkness. During the analysis of biblical Genesis, author points the original nature of darkness, and suggests that light is a strength of the secondary character. The author seeks a confirmation of his theses in Nietzsche's and Plato's philosophy. The power of light is to create images in our eyes. Human believes in those images and creates patterns, stereotypes and opposites upon them. Image has become the cause of existing divisions in the world. Author asks whether we are capable of returning to darkness and 'staying with the trouble' (Haraway). The gesture of closing eyes may help us to clean our gaze and retrain us in looking. Light separates us from the world, and darkness absorbs and merges everything and every being. This observation leads to New Materialist perspective, which can help us in learning the new ethics, based upon rules of darkness instead of light.
EN
This article analyses poetic visions, based on synesthesia and referring to Swedenborg’s correspondence theory, evoked by listening to music. In these visions the musical impressions are in some way sanctified and they contribute to the development of the spiritual area. This aesthetic phenomenon is noticeable in Balzac’s novels. The music for him is the light penetrating the listener’s soul and a means of accessing divine mysteries. Similarly, in George Sand’s works music is the inspiration to create soulful poetic visions and the character of Consuelo who, by her singing, is vouchsafed by divine revelations.
EN
In this article I would like to present three main areas of my interest in the aesthetics of Georg F. W. Hegel which are associated, directly or indirectly, with the philosophical tradition of the metaphysics of light. First, I will introduce my interpretation of the con-cept, used by Hegel, of luminosity in art (here I present my own understanding of this phenomenon, as I refer it to all of the three types of art we can speak of within the framework of Lectures on Aesthetics;1 meanwhile, the traditional approach has been to apply this concept exclusively to romantic art, which, while correct, is only justified by the examination of art as a whole). Thus I propose here to examine the phenomenon of the luminosity of truth in symbolic, classical and romantic art. Next, I will present an understanding of the aesthetic experience of romantic works of art, an understanding which emerges from the concept of a work as a physical object of luminous truth2 and isfixed in the Platonic claritas theory of light, closely associated with the metaphysics of light. I will illustrate my reflections with several examples of romantic painting. Then, I will move on to the search for the meaning of the development of art. I see this mean-ing in the realisation of the principle of the luminosity of truth in art, and, in turn, this realisation in a specific element of representation in painting, namely that of the human eye, which Hegel defined as ‘the light of the eye’. This theme takes us back to the tradi-tion of Platonic philosophy, in both its ancient and its mediaeval Christian forms, and acknowledges a close relationship with the aesthetics of Hegel and the European tradi-tion of the metaphysics of light. It is worth establishing, before proceeding to Hegel’s aesthetics per se, the sense in which we understand the metaphysics of light here. Above all, the metaphysics of light is a narrower concept than the philosophy of light, because in actuality it is exclusively a metaphysical ontology. Light (usually claritas, sometimes lux) is understood here as divine light or light derived from first principles, e.g. from Plotinus’s concept of the One, and partakes of an intellectual rather than a sensual character; thus it actually has little in common, for example, with physical light. Consequently, observations on light in extra-ontological terms, such as goodness, (axiological) grace, knowledge, or (epistemologi-cal) enlightenment, are here secondary for us, since they concern not light itself, but the consequences of its existence (e.g. grace is a consequence of the existence of claritas). The primary issue is, however, to assume that claritas substantially derives from God, the Absolute, the Hegelian absolute spirit; its existence depends, therefore, on co-participation (methexis), and not on its conformity with or resemblance (mimesis) to the first cause, e.g. within the meaning of St. Thomas Aquinas.
EN
This article aims to „The true light (Jn 1.9a). Jesus as the light in the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel”, was to explain the meaning of the symbol of the light connected with the person of Jesus Christ - the Logos in the Prologue of the Gospel of St John. The analysis of the text helped to establish that the author wanted to show the person o f Logos as a necessary condition of all life, and above all, the supernatural life (Jn 1,4). By revealing the divine life through the Incarnation, whose symbol is a light, he met with extreme hostility, which, however, is unable to destroy him (Jn 1,5). He is the light in an absolute sense (Jn 1,9). No one besides Him can not bestow the light, which in its fullest sense is identified with salvation. Father (John 5,31-32.37-38; 8,16-19), the Holy Spirit (Jn 15,26), the work of Jesus (Jn 5,36,10,25) and John the Baptist (Jn 1,7-8; 19nn) bear witness of His light, that people believed in him and thus have eternal life (Jn 20,31).
16
Content available remote Does Light Direct Life Toward Cosmic Awareness?
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EN
The evolution of life on our planet is briefly reviewed emphasizing the roles played by light and language. Life and language are regarded as a single interlocking system which light has stimulated to serve as an organ of cosmic awareness. Light first rewarded life with energy. Light then stimulated life to grow upward from the surface of our planet. Life is now integrating into itself detailed knowledge of the cosmos by decoding the vast store of information contained in celestial light.
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EN
Basic information on the problems of converting the electrical energy into the light energy has been given in the paper. Parameters, which can influence the light parameters, have been pointed out. Measurement results of ripple factor versus colour temperature of fluorescent lamps supplied with AC voltage of various frequencies have been presented. On the base of the obtained results, conclusions concerning the ripple depth versus colour temperature and supplying voltage frequency have been formulated.
PL
W artykule podano podstawowe informacje dotyczące zagadnień konwersji energii elektrycznej na energię świetlną. Wskazano parametry, które mogą wpływać na kształtowanie się parametrów świetlnych. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów współczynnika tętnienia w funkcji temperatury barwowej lamp fluorescencyjnych zasilanych napięciem przemiennym o różnych częstotliwościach. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników podano wnioski dotyczące głębokości tętnienia w funkcji temperatury barwowej i częstotliwości napięcia zasilającego.
18
Content available Illuminating Shanghai: Light, Heritage, Power
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EN
This paper explores the complex connection between heritage, light and power in Shanghai since the late 19th Century, and seeks a new understanding of how mutually coupled legacies of modernity, socialism and cosmopolitanism continue to shape this city’s unique identity and image. It focuses on the recent ideological remake of the skyline along the Huangpu River, achieved largely through the flamboyant illumination designed in 2018. Combining a number of visual and textual sources with fieldwork, it reveals the persistent symbolic role the city has played in a triumphant socialist cause, and assesses how past promises of a new Shanghai and a bright future for China have been sustained in the Reform Era. It forms a preliminary attempt to depict what the author argues should be perceived and studied as the engineering of a new propaganda medium which intersects with urban space governance. The implications of this project are discussed in the context of the threats and opportunities for Shanghai in terms of maintaining the city’s unique character and meaning coming from its own history and culture, rather than in terms of Shanghai simply being a vehicle for China’s modernity.
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