Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Italian Early Adolescent Females’ Intrinsic Motivation in Sport: An Explorative Study of Psychological and Sociorelational Correlates

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Zucchetti G. , Candela F. , Rabaglietti E. , Marzari A.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2013

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tom 59

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nr 1

11-20

EN

Using self-determination theory (SDT), this study simultaneously investigated the relationships between intrinsic motivation, psychological factors (sport enjoyment, social self-efficacy), and sociorelational factors (perceived coaching behaviors) by subsequently testing whether psychological factors mediate the relationships between social-relational factors and intrinsic motivation. One hundred and twentyseven early adolescent females from several teams of the Italian Volleyball Society completed a self-report questionnaire. Results showed that female athletes’ intrinsic motivation was associated with a) sport enjoyment and b) perceived coaching behaviors (e.g., training and instruction, social support). Second, results showed that training-and-instruction coaches’ leadership style affected intrinsic motivation via the females’ enjoyment in sport. This study provided further insights into unknown associations among psychological, sociorelational factors and intrinsic motivation, highlighting the innovative role of sport enjoyment as a key factor for sustaining intrinsic motivation. Original and useful behavioral suggestions will be given to the coaches in order to sustain female athletes’ sport enjoyment and their intrinsic motivation.

2

Morphological optimization of female combat sports athletes as seen by the anthropologists

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Burdukiewicz A. , Pietraszewska J. , Andrzejewska J. , Stachoń A.

Anthropological Review

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2016

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tom 79

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nr 2

201-210

EN

Body build and proportions are key determinants of athletic success. The effects of the athlete selection process and discipline-specific training are differentiated body dimensions. The aim of the study was to examine the physical characteristics of female combat athletes. The results of anthropometric measurements of 154 females aged 21.2±1.79 years competing in judo, jiu-jitsu, karate, taekwondo, and fencing for 7.5±3.43 years. Significant differences were observed between the judo and karate, taekwondo and fencing practitioners in chest, hip, arm and forearm girths. More variance was observed in body proportions. Fencers had the slimmest body shape, a more massive body size in the judokas. Longer upper extremities relative to lower extremity length were found in the jiu-jitsu group. Relative to body height, a larger torso and greater girths were observed in the judokas compared with the fencing, karate, and taekwondo practitioners. The groups did not differ in the level of endomorphy. Mesomorphy was highest in judokas and the lowest in fencers, although ectomorphy was most dominant in the latter group. Females practitioners of combat sports exhibit differences in physical characteristics as an effect of optimizing body type and build via the training and athlete selection process of a given discipline. The anthropometric measures could play a role in talent identification programmes for martial arts and help the trainers to optimize the motoric effectiveness of athletes.

3

Italian Early Adolescent Females’ Intrinsic Motivation in Sport: An Explorative Study of Psychological and Sociorelational Correlates

100%

Zucchetti G. , Candela F. , Rabaglietti E. , Marzari A.

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nr 1

11-20

EN

Using self-determination theory (SDT), this study simultaneously investigated the relationships between intrinsic motivation, psychological factors (sport enjoyment, social self-efficacy), and sociorelational factors (perceived coaching behaviors) by subsequently testing whether psychological factors mediate the relationships between social-relational factors and intrinsic motivation. One hundred and twentyseven early adolescent females from several teams of the Italian Volleyball Society completed a self-report questionnaire. Results showed that female athletes’ intrinsic motivation was associated with a) sport enjoyment and b) perceived coaching behaviors (e.g., training and instruction, social support). Second, results showed that training-and-instruction coaches’ leadership style affected intrinsic motivation via the females’ enjoyment in sport. This study provided further insights into unknown associations among psychological, sociorelational factors and intrinsic motivation, highlighting the innovative role of sport enjoyment as a key factor for sustaining intrinsic motivation. Original and useful behavioral suggestions will be given to the coaches in order to sustain female athletes’ sport enjoyment and their intrinsic motivation.

4

Determining the influence of the size of grain moth eggson Trichogramma evanescens indicators

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Golub G. , Marus O. , Golub G. , Marus O.

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5

J.R.R. Tolkien’s Portrayal of Femininity and Its Transformations in Subsequent Adaptations

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Łaszkiewicz W.

Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies

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2015

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tom 11

EN

The aim of the following paper is to examine the portrayal of female characters and femininity in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Since Tolkien’s heroines have been both praised and severely criticized, this paper will, first of all, investigate and recapitulate the arguments in favor and against Tolkien’s depiction of women. Secondly, it will be argued that the ambiguity surrounding these fictional characters stems from the writer’s private relationship with women. Finally, the paper will analyze how Tolkien’s ambiguous female characters have fared in various adaptations of his works, particularly in the cinematic versions produced by Peter Jackson and in fan-made art.

6

Writing with non-dominant hand: left-handers perform better with the right hand than right handers with the left

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Laskowski K. , Henneberg M.

Anthropological Review

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2012

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tom 75

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nr 2

129-136

EN

Adult volunteers (7 females, 7 males) aged between 19 and 51 years, 7 right-handers and 7 left-handers, were asked to complete re-training writing tasks by using their non-dominant hand over 10 consecutive days. It is possible for adults to learn quickly to write legibly with their non-dominant hand. Left handers have a higher legibility score initially although right-handers improved with training more than left-handers. Individual’s performance was unrelated to age and sex in the small sample studied.

7

Back and neck pain disability and upper limb symptoms of home healthcare workers: A case-control study from Northern Italy

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Riccò M. , Pezzetti F. , Signorelli C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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tom 30

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nr 2

291-304

EN

Objectives Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are quite frequent in healthcare workers (HCWs), but data about MSD in home-based healthcare workers (HHWs) are lacking. In this study we describe the prevalence of MSD among Italian HHWs. Material and Methods A case-control study was carried out among 300 random-selected female HCWs, the sample comprising 100 HHWs, 100 HCWs with a low exposure to patient handling (MAPO – Movimentazione e Assistenza Pazienti Ospedalizzati – Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patients index 0–5) and 100 HCWs with high exposure to patient handling (MAPO index ≥ 5.01). As a negative control group, 200 visual display unit workers were also randomly selected. Musculoskeletal disorder cases were collected using a standardized case definition. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed comparing the MSD prevalence in the 4 groups. Results The overall prevalence of MSD was 17% in the reference group and 28.3% for HCWs. HHWs and HCWs with MAPO index ≥ 5.01 had similar prevalence of neck pain (9% and 11%, respectively), whereas lumbosacral pain prevalence was higher in the HHWs group (31%), with similar results in residential HCWs groups (21% in MAPO index 0–5 group and 25% in MAPO index ≥ 5.01 group). HCWs of group MAPO index ≥ 5.01 and HHWs showed the higher prevalence of upper limb complaints, with a prevalence of 20% and 10%, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, prevalence of MSD complaints was quite similar in HHWs (adjusted odds ratio ($\text{OR}_\text{adj}$) = 2.335, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.318–4.138) and in HCWs of the group MAPO ≥ 5.01 ($\text{OR}_\text{adj}$ = 2.729, 95% CI: 1.552–4.797). Conclusions The prevalence of MSD in the examined HCWs was relatively high, with HHWs appearing as a particularly high-risk group for lumbosacral back pain. In higher exposed HCWs, upper-limb symptoms were particularly frequent, probably reflecting the different tasks required to manage residential and homebased patients. In conclusion, this study reaffirms the high prevalence of MSD in HHWs, seemly similar to high-risk residential groups. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(2):291–304

8

Body Composition of Elite Female Players in Five Different Sports Games

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Mala L. , Maly T. , Zahalka F. , Bunc V. , Kaplan A. , Jebavy R. , Tuma M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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tom 45

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nr 1

207-215

EN

The goal of this study was to identify and compare body composition (BC) variables in elite female athletes (age ± years): volleyball (27.4 ± 4.1), softball (23.6 ± 4.9), basketball (25.9 ± 4.2), soccer (23.2 ± 4.2) and handball (24.0 ± 3.5) players. Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, percentage of fat mass (FMP), body cell mass (BCM), extracellular mass (ECM), their ratio, the percentage of BCM in FFM, the phase angle (α), and total body water, with a distinction between extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water, were measured using bioimpedance analysis. MANOVA showed significant differences in BC variables for athletes in different sports (F60.256 = 2.93, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.407). The results did not indicate any significant differences in FMP or α among the tested groups (p > 0.05). Significant changes in other BC variables were found in analyses when sport was used as an independent variable. Soccer players exhibited the most distinct BC, differing from players of other sports in 8 out of 10 variables. In contrast, the athletes with the most similar BC were volleyball and basketball players, who did not differ in any of the compared variables. Discriminant analysis revealed two significant functions (p < 0.01). The first discriminant function primarily represented differences based on the FFM proportion (volleyball, basketball vs. softball, soccer). The second discriminant function represented differences based on the ECW proportion (softball vs. soccer). Although all of the members of the studied groups competed at elite professional levels, significant differences in the selected BC variables were found. The results of the present study may serve as normative values for comparison or target values for training purposes.

9

The relationship between latitudinal light variation and orbit and cranial size in humans

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Short A.

Anthropological Review

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2016

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tom 79

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nr 2

143-149

EN

Increased orbit size is suggested to be an adaptation for enhanced visual acuity and sensitivity in conditions of reduced light quality. Whilst light ambience has a well established correlation with eye size in birds and primates, evidence in humans is very limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the anatomical compensations of the eye and visual cortex as a result of varying levels of light exposure. It was hypothesized that humans of higher latitudes will have an increased orbit size to improve visual sensitivity and acuity in conditions of decreased light, and thus greater cranium size due to enlarged visual cortices. Craniometric measurements of 1,209 male and 1,021 female individuals from 27 series coming from different latitudes were sourced from William W. Howells Craniometric Data Set. Mean cranial and orbit size was calculated by combining linear craniometric measurements of length, width and height for individual males and females at each latitude. Linear regressions of orbit and cranial size on latitude were created and significance was measured using Pearson’s r and P value. Partial correlations were calculated to test whether orbit size correlates with latitude independent of cranial size. Significant positive correlations were found between i) orbit and cranial size and ii) orbit size and latitude and iii) cranial size and latitude in males and females. Additionally, partial correlation values for latitude and orbit size were significant in both males and females. The relationship between visual system size and increasing latitude among humans is currently understudied. Significant relationships between visual system size and increasing latitude suggest that enlarged eyes were an evolutionary mechanism for individuals with compromised light availability. Other factors related to varying geographic location may also play a role

10

The Effect of a Long-Term, Community-Based Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

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Bello M. , Sousa M. C. , Neto G. , Oliveira L. , Guerras I. , Mendes R. , Sousa N.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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tom 43

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nr 1

43-48

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based exercise program on bone mineral density and body composition in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Twenty postmenopausal women (aged 61.3 ± 6.0 years) with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a community-based exercise program group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). The community-based exercise program was multicomponent, three days per week for 32 weeks, and included walking, resistance and aquatic exercises. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured pre and post-training by dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the exercise group significant increases were found in the ward’s triangle bone mineral density (+7.8%, p=0.043), and in fat-free mass (+2.4%, p=0.018). The findings suggest that regular multicomponent training is effective in preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

11

Professional activities as a component of female life success in middle adulthood

63%

Klimkowska K.

Szkoła - Zawód - Praca

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2019

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nr 17

297-307

EN

As one of the leading adult human activities, occupational activity has numerous functions and has an impact on a person’s life as a whole. Work-related experience is subjective and its evaluation changes with each stage of adulthood. One of the contexts in which the phenomena related to work are assessed by an individual is life success. In the period of middle adulthood, where the phenomenon of midlife review occurs, the category of life success and achievements stands out even more clearly. This study presents the realm of experience related to female work in the middle adulthood period. The reported research was conducted in a qualitative approach.

PL

Praca zawodowa jako jedna z wiodących aktywności człowieka dorosłego, pełni liczne funkcje oddziałując na całokształt egzystencji. Doświadczenie pracy jest subiektywne, a jego wartościowanie zmienia się wraz z kolejnymi etapami dorosłości. Jednym z kontekstów, w których zjawiska związane z pracą zawodową są oceniane przez jednostkę, jest sukces życiowy. W okresie średniej dorosłości, na którą przypada bilans połowy życia, kategoria sukcesu życiowego i składających się na niego osiągnięć wyraźnie się uwidaczniają. W opracowaniu przedstawiony został świat doświadczeń związanych z pracą kobiet w okresie średniej dorosłości. Omawianie badania zrealizowano w podejściu jakościowym.

12

Fizjoterapia w wysiłkowym nietrzymaniu moczu u kobiet Część I. Aktualne rekomendacje dotyczące ćwiczeń według Kegla / Physiotherapy in stress urinary incontinence in females. Part I. Contemporary recommendations for Kegel exercises (PFME)

63%

Opara J. , Socha T. , Prajsner A. , Poświata A.

Physiotherapy

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2011

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tom 19

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nr 3

41-49

EN

Urinary incontinence is complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine. Data from various sources indicate that urinary incontinence as a symptom of various disease entities should be regarded as a social disease, because they relate to more than 5% of the population. Urinary incontinence is often hidden from family and the doctor. It is estimated that about 2/3 of all cases of urinary incontinence is suppressed because of the shame and embarrassment, and insufficient information about treatment options. Between the beginning of symptoms and meeting the doctor an average time of nine years is usually observed. This ailment was twice as likely relates to women than men, and its frequency increases with age. Approximately 25% of women of childbearing age and 50% of postmenopausal women have problems with incontinence. The disease also affects younger people, about 65% of pregnant women and about 30% of women in the first year after parturition does not hold urine. In Poland it is estimated that about 5 million people suffers from this affliction. More than half of all cases of incontinence are stress and mixed urinary incontinence. In three review papers the contemporary state of knowledge on physiotherapy in stress urinary incontinence has been described. This is one of main methods of conservative treatment and prevention. In part I the contemporary recommendations by Kegel exercises in stress urinary incontinence has been described.

13

The foot deformity versus postural control in females aged over 65 years

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Drzal-Grabiec J. , Rachwał M. , Trzaskoma Z. , Rykała J. , Podgórska I. , Cichocka I. , Truszczyńska A. , Rąpała K.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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tom Vol. 16, nr 4

75--82

EN

Purpose: Correct foot structure is important due to locomotion and postural stability. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between morphological foot structure and balance indices in a quiet standing position in women over 65 years of age. Methods: The study included 116 women aged 65-90 years. The mean age was 70.6±8.4 years and BMI 29.1±3.4 m/kg2. The measured indices included postural control while standing on both feet and photogrammetric foot evaluation. An analysis was performed of the selected foot and balance indices. Results: There were no significant differences observed in the feet structure. Certain correlations between some foot indices and the indices of postural control were noted. The increased differences in the width indices between the right and the left foot lead to balance deterioration. Larger angles of valgity and varus deformity of toes and indices describing the longitudinal arch and transverse front arch of the foot have the greatest impact on the deterioration of balance in the medio-lateral axis. Conclusions: The differences between the indices and morphological indices for the right and the left foot are not significant, which indicates the proportionate formation of feet in the individual life. The increased differences in the width indices between the right and the left foot lead to balance deterioration. Larger angles of valgity and varus deformity of toes and indices describing the longitudinal arch and transverse front arch of the foot have the greatest impact on the deterioration of balance in the medio-lateral axis.

14

The Unemployment of Less-Competitive Groups of People on the Labor Market of Ukraine, the EU and Poland

63%

Novak I. , Chepurko G.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2017

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nr 3(20)

49-62

EN

The European integration strategy of Ukraine to the EU puts on the agenda the implementation of the European employment policy. The aim of the research is to analyse the risks of unemployment of less-competitive groups of people at a labour market in Ukraine, the EU-28, and Poland. On the base of the results of this comparative analysis were formulated the current priorities of employment policy and its adaptation to the European employment policy.

15

Assessment of neck pain and cervical mobility among female computer workers at Hail University

63%

Mohammad W. S. , Hamza H. H. , ElSais W. M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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tom Vol. 21, No. 1

105--110

EN

The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of neck pain among computer workers at Hail University, Saudi Arabia and to compare the cervical range of motion (ROM) of female computer workers suffering from neck pain to the cervical ROM of healthy female computer workers. One hundred and seventy-six female volunteers between 20 and 46 years of age were investigated. Fifty-six of these volunteers were staff members, 22 were administrators and 98 were students. The Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) instrument was used to measure the ROM of the cervical spine. A questionnaire was used to assess participants for the presence of neck pain. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and the level of significant was set at p < .05 for all statistical tests. There was a high prevalence of neck pain (75%) among computer workers at Hail University, particularly among students. There were significant differences in cervical lateral flexion, rotation to the right side and protraction range between the pain and pain-free groups. Our results demonstrated that cervical ROM measurements, particularly cervical lateral flexion, rotation and protraction, could be useful for predicting changes in head and neck posture after long-term computer work.

16

Fizjoterapia w wysiłkowym nietrzymaniu moczu u kobiet. Część II. Biologiczne sprzężenie zwrotne w wysiłkowym nietrzymaniu moczu / Physiotherapy in stress urinary incontinence in females. Part ii. Biofeedback in stress urinary incontinence

51%

Opara J. , Socha T. , Prajsner A. , Poświata A.

Physiotherapy

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2011

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tom 19

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nr 4

37-42

EN

Urinary incontinence is a complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine. This ailment occurs twice as often in women than men and its frequency increases with age. Approximately 25% of women of childbearing age and 50% of postmenopausal women have problems with incontinence. In Poland it is estimated that about 5 million people suffer from this affliction. More than half of all cases of incontinence are related to stress urinary incontinence. The treatment of urinary incontinence could be divided into conservative and surgical. The contemporary state of knowledge on physiotherapy - which is one of the main methods of conservative treatment and prevention - in stress urinary incontinence has been described in three review papers. Part I presented recommendations for using Kegel exercises in stress urinary incontinence. Part II focuses on current biofeedback methods

17

The Effect of Glucose and Emotional Arousal on Memory in College Students

44%

Fox C. , Becknell M. E. , Belden A. , Firmin R. L.

Konteksty Pedagogiczne

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2019

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tom 1

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nr 12

PL

Celem badania było sprawdzenie wpływu podania glukozy, oraz pobudzenia emocjonalnego, na pamięć. Uczestnikami byli studenci przydzieleni losowo do grup glukozy (50 g glukozy) i grup placebo (50,6 mg sacharyny), a następnie podzieleni na grupy o wysokim i niskim poziomie podniecenia emocjonalnego. Grupom o wysokim i niskim poziomie podniecenia emocjonalnego pokazano zestaw slajdów, którego treść była odpowiednio pobudzająca emocjonalnie lub neutralna emocjonalnie. Wykonano pomiary glukozy we krwi, a testy pamięci i rozpoznawania były przeprowadzane w różnych odstępach czasu w trakcie eksperymentu. Glukoza poprawiła pamięć natychmiastową tylko u kobiet, podczas gdy pobudzenie emocjonalne poprawiło zarówno pamięć natychmiastową, jak i przywoływanie wspomnień u wszystkich badanych. Pobudzenie emocjonalne poprawiło pamięć rozpoznawczą tylko u mężczyzn. Chociaż przedstawione w artykule odkrycia potwierdzają usprawniające działanie glukozy i pobudzenia emocjonalnego na pamięć, jednocześnie prowokują więcej pytań na temat różnic we wpływie tych dwóch czynników na pamięć u mężczyzn i kobiet.

EN

This study investigated the effect of glucose administration and emotional arousal on memory. Participants were undergraduate college students randomly assigned to glucose (50 g glucose) and placebo groups (50.6 mg saccharine) and further divided into high and low emotional arousal groups. High and low emotional arousal groups were shown a slide show whose content was either emotionally arousing or emotionally neutral, respectively. Blood glucose measurements were taken, and memory recall and recognition tests were given at various intervals throughout the experiment. Glucose improved memory for immediate recall in females only, while emotional arousal resulted in enhanced immediate and delayed recall for all subjects. Furthermore, emotional arousal enhanced recognition memory for males only. While the present findings confirm the facilitatory effects of glucose and emotional arousal on memory, they simultaneously stimulate more questions on the differences in the effect of these two factors on memory in males versus females.